The influence of variation in copper content of an organic soil on the mineral nutrition of oats grown in situ

1979 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1399-1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.P. Mathur ◽  
H.A. Hamilton ◽  
Caroline M. Preston
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Copper Content ◽  
Organic Soil

Lead migration in smelter-impacted deciduous and coniferous organic soil horizons based on a long-term in-situ implantation and laboratory column experiments

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 168-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladislav Chrastný ◽  
Aleš Vaněk ◽  
Eva Čadková ◽  
Alice Růžičková ◽  
Ivana Galušková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Soil ◽  
Column Experiments ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Laboratory Column

CARROT RESPONSE TO SOIL TEMPERATURE AND COPPER, MANGANESE, ZINC AND MAGNESIUM

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. MacMILLAN ◽  
H. A. HAMILTON
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Copper Content ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Native Copper ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
Copper Manganese ◽  
Carrot Plant ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Mn Concentrations

Carrots grown under greenhouse conditions in a medium-decomposed, acid organic soil showed a significant yield and carrot length response to soil temperature and copper fertilization. Root lengths at 16 C were significantly greater than lengths at 12 and 20 C, which in turn were significantly greater than lengths at 8 C. Root and leaf yields at 8 C were significantly inferior to yields at 12, 16 and 20 C. The total native copper content of 10 ppm in soil, and leaf concentrations of 12 ppm in the tissue, were insufficient for normal carrot development under these experimental conditions. Application of copper at the rate of 25 ppm in soil significantly increased yields. Leaf concentrations of 145, 125 and 4440 ppm of Mn, Zn and Mg, respectively, in tissue, and soil concentrations of 60, 80 and 1300 ppm for Mn, Zn and Mg, respectively, were sufficient for normal carrot plant development. Increasing soil temperature significantly increased Cu and Mn concentrations in the leaves, and this occurred irrespective of whether the source of the respective nutrient was native or applied. In the case of Zn, leaf concentrations increased with increasing temperatures only when zinc was applied to the soil. With soil temperature above 12 C, magnesium concentrations in the leaves were significantly decreased and this was so for native or applied magnesium in the soil.

Role of Organic Soil Amendments in Controlling Ground Water Pollution Due to Pesticides

2018 ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Anjana Srivastava ◽  
P. C. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Ground Water Pollution ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
In Situ Decomposition

In soil, pesticide residues are subjected to various transformations and transportation processes. Leaching is one of the major transportation processes responsible for ground water contamination. Organic amendments used in agriculture are known to improve the physico-chemical properties of soil at low cost and are regarded as one of the most suitable technologies for sustainable agriculture. These amendments play an important role in the retention of pesticides because of increased adsorption of these chemicals on soil. Sorption of pesticides which are weak acids or bases, is influenced by soil pH because they assume a positive or negative charge, or no charge depending on the pH. Leaching of such pesticides to ground water can be prevented to a great extent by mixing of organic amendments to soil because they enhance the ability of pesticide retention on soil and or promote their microbial degradation as well during in situ decomposition of organic amendments in soil.

Effects of stress and temperature on secondary compression of peat

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J Fox ◽  
Tuncer B Edil
Keyword(s):  
Effective Stress ◽  
Void Ratio ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Secondary Compression ◽  
Total Settlement ◽  
Vertical Effective Stress ◽  
Laboratory Stress

Results from field and laboratory tests illustrate the influence of vertical effective stress and temperature on the secondary compression of peat from Middleton, Wisconsin, U.S.A. A large fraction of the total settlement of the peat is due to secondary compression. The coefficient of secondary compression, Calpha, generally increases with time, and settlement predictions using a constant Calpha may underestimate field settlement. Laboratory step-stress and step-temperature tests indicate that the rate of void ratio change during secondary compression varies exponentially with both temperature and vertical effective stress. A stress coefficient of creep, Ctheta, and a temperature coefficient of creep, CT, are defined to characterize these relationships. For Middleton peat, the logarithm of Ctheta decreases linearly with void ratio and CT is constant. The results suggest that laboratory stress and temperature conditions should match those in situ for accurate determination of secondary compression parameters. Cooling also has an important effect on the secondary compression of peat. For large decreases in temperature, an overconsolidated condition is created for which additional secondary compression is greatly reduced. Settlement data from two test embankments on peat illustrate the effect of staged construction and subsurface heating on secondary compression in the field. The temperature changes achieved in situ were not large enough to cause a strong thermal precompression effect. Key words: peat, organic soil, secondary compression, consolidation, settlement.

CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL, AND LAND-USE INVESTIGATIONS OF ORGANIC TERRAIN

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. WALMSLEY ◽  
L. M. LAVKULICH
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Surface Expression ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Sampling Area ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Water Retention Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Chemical and physical properties of selected organic soil samples were studied in relation to the chemical status of the associated ground water. Soil analyses included standard chemical analyses, fibre content, bulk density, particle density, hydraulic conductivity and water retention properties. In situ water chemical analysis included temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and pH. Laboratory measurements of dissolved Ca, Mg, N, K, Si, NO3, F and Cl are also reported. The results are interpreted with reference to the surface expression and overall terrain morphology of the sampling area resulting in the formation of different peat types and associated vegetation. Physical and chemical data indicate a relationship between degree of decomposition and magnitude of various parameters. The distinction between bog and fen areas in terms of the level of dissolved electrolytes permits the prediction of the nature of the material comprising the organic soil. The distinctive properties of organic soils are discussed in terms of some use constraints imposed by the nature of the material in the context of afforestation of this terrain type.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Six Directional Canopy Emissivity Models in the Thermal Infrared Using Emissivity Measurements

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 3011
Author(s):  
Lluís Pérez-Planells ◽  
Enric Valor ◽  
Raquel Niclòs ◽  
César Coll ◽  
Jesús Puchades ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Thermal Infrared ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Directional Emissivity ◽  
Reference Measurements ◽  
Emissivity Measurements ◽  
Single Set ◽  
Different Soils

Land surface temperature (LST) is a fundamental physical quantity in a range of different studies, for example in climatological analyses and surface–atmosphere heat flux assessments, especially in heterogeneous and complex surfaces such as vegetated canopies. To obtain accurate LST values, it is important to measure accurately the land surface emissivity (LSE) in the thermal infrared spectrum. In the past decades, different directional emissivity canopy models have been proposed. This paper evaluates six radiative transfer models (FR97, Mod3, Rmod3, 4SAIL, REN15, and CE-P models) through a comparison with in situ emissivity measurements performed using the temperature-emissivity separation (TES) method. The evaluation is done using a single set of rose plants over two different soils with very different spectral behavior. First, using an organic soil, the measurements were done for seven different observation angles, from 0° to 60° in steps of 10°, and for six different values of leaf area index (LAI). Taking into account all LAIs, the bias (and root mean square error, RMSE) obtained were 0.003 (±0.006), −0.004 (±0.005), −0.009 (±0.011), 0.005 (±0.007), 0.004 (±0.007), and 0.005 (±0.007) for FR97, Mod3, Rmod3, 4SAIL, REN 15, and CE-P models, respectively. Second, using an inorganic soil, the measurements were done for six different LAIs but for two different observation angles: 0° and 55°. The bias (and RMSE) obtained were 0.012 (±0.014), 0.004 (±0.007), −0.020 (±0.035), 0.016 (±0.017), 0.013 (±0.015), 0.013 (±0.015) and for FR97, Mod3, Rmod3, 4SAIL, REN15, and CE-P models, respectively. Overall, the Mod3 model appears as the best model in comparison to the TES emissivity reference measurements.

scholarly journals Some remarks on statistic approach to strength testing of soil-cement composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 04045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Kanty ◽  
Monika Kiecana ◽  
Piotr Prokopowicz
Keyword(s):  
Axial Direction ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Strength Testing ◽  
Cement Composites ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Soil Cement ◽  
Sample Testing ◽  
Statistic Approach

Results of laboratory testing of organic soil-cement samples are presented in the paper. The research program continues on the authors previously reported experiences with cement - organic soil sample testing. Over 150 compression tests have been carried out altogether. Several samples were cured for over 3 months before they were tested. Several factors, such as: the large amount of the pieces under test, long observation time, carrying out the tests in complex cycles of loading and the possibility of continuous registering the loads and deformation in the axial direction – made it possible to control numerous interdependencies, some of which have been presented in this work. Compressive strength and elastic modulus of cubic samples were examined. Samples were mixed and stored in laboratory conditions. The results clearly point to the fact that designing the DSM dry columns in the organic soil may be linked with a considerable risk and needs special precautions. During in situ mixing, the organic material surrounded by sand layers surely mixes with one another in certain areas. However, it has not been examined and it is difficult to assume such mixing already at the designing stage.

Improving the prediction of wildfire potential in boreal Alaska with satellite imaging radar

Polar Record ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura L. Bourgeau-Chavez ◽  
Gordon Garwood ◽  
Kevin Riordan ◽  
Brad Cella ◽  
Sharon Alden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Satellite Imaging ◽  
Fire Weather Index ◽  
The North ◽  
Innovative Tool ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
Drying Conditions

ABSTRACTAlaska currently relies on the Canadian Fire Weather Index (FWI) System for the assessment of the potential for wildfire and although it provides invaluable information it is designed as a single system that does not account for the varied fuel types and drying conditions (day length, permafrost, decomposition rate, and soil type) that occur across the North American boreal forest. The FWI System is completely weather-based using noontime measurements of precipitation, relative humidity, temperature and wind speed. The most common problem observed with the FWI system is in the initialisation and need for calibration of one of the moisture codes that make up the FWI system, the Drought Code (DC), which is representative of the deeper organic soil layers and has a 53 day lag period. SAR data represent an innovative tool to improve the current weather-based fire danger system of interior Alaska by initialising the spring values of DC, calibrating the codes throughout the season and providing additional point-source data. Using radar backscatter values from several recently burned boreal forests, an algorithm was developed that related backscatter to DC. The authors then demonstrated the application and validation of this algorithm at independent test sites with good correlation toin situsoil moisture and rainfall variations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document