CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL, AND LAND-USE INVESTIGATIONS OF ORGANIC TERRAIN

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. WALMSLEY ◽  
L. M. LAVKULICH
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Surface Expression ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Sampling Area ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Water Retention Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Chemical and physical properties of selected organic soil samples were studied in relation to the chemical status of the associated ground water. Soil analyses included standard chemical analyses, fibre content, bulk density, particle density, hydraulic conductivity and water retention properties. In situ water chemical analysis included temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and pH. Laboratory measurements of dissolved Ca, Mg, N, K, Si, NO3, F and Cl are also reported. The results are interpreted with reference to the surface expression and overall terrain morphology of the sampling area resulting in the formation of different peat types and associated vegetation. Physical and chemical data indicate a relationship between degree of decomposition and magnitude of various parameters. The distinction between bog and fen areas in terms of the level of dissolved electrolytes permits the prediction of the nature of the material comprising the organic soil. The distinctive properties of organic soils are discussed in terms of some use constraints imposed by the nature of the material in the context of afforestation of this terrain type.

scholarly journals Potential of Pinus elliottii Engelm. needles as substrate conditioner for the production of “Fepagro C37 reck”Citrus rootstocks”

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique Ceccagno ◽  
Vitor Dutra de Souza ◽  
Gilmar Schäfer ◽  
Eduarda Demari Avrella ◽  
Claudimar Sidnei Fior
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Porous Space ◽  
In Situ Decomposition ◽  
Substrate Mixtures ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Reduced Water

Abstract The production of citrus seedlings in protected environment requires a large amount of substrate, which must have adequate physical and chemical characteristics. The use of acidic conditioners, such as Pinus needles mixed with alkaline substrates, allows the cultivation of seedlings with better quality. The objective of this work was to evaluate the development of the “Fepagro C37 Reck” rootstock grown in different alkaline commercial substrate mixtures (Humosolo ES®) with Pinus elliottii needles. The experiment was carried out by testing alkaline substrate mixed with 5-month old of decomposition Pinus needles in situ decomposition and two granulometry sizes, 3.5 and 8.0 mm. The mixtures were performed in proportions between the needles with the Humosolo, (v / v) 0%; 25%; 50%; 75% and 100%. Expanded cellular polystyrene trays were used to accommodate the mixtures and seeding of the rootstock. Physical and chemical evaluateons of the mixtures were carried out, as well as the development of the seedlings. The use of Pinus needles acidified the substrate Humosolo ES®, reduced its electrical conductivity and increased the percentage of porous space of the mixtures and reduced water retention. The treatments containing 25 and 50% of the Pinus needles mixture, regardless of the granulometry, provide greater development of rootstock plants “Fepagro C37 Reck”.

scholarly journals Characterization and Classification of soils on different Geomorphic Units of North-Eastern Haryana, India

Agropedology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Mohammad Amin Bhat ◽  
K.S. Grewal ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Flood Plains ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Retention Characteristics ◽  
Geomorphic Units ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Twelve pedons occurring on different landforms of North-Eastern Haryana were characterized for morphological, physical and chemical characteristics and classified. The soil colour of pedons varied from yellowish brown to reddish/ dark brown in the hues of 10YR, 5YR and 2.5YR. The soils of Shiwalik hills, upper piedmont plains and flood plains, lower piedmont plains and old alluvial plains were medium to moderately heavy in texture, relatively lighter and light to moderately heavy in texture, respectively. The soils have weak to medium subangular blocky structure. The sub surface horizons in old alluvial plains showed the translocation and accumulation of clay. The soils of the area were moderately alkaline to strongly alkaline (pH 7.5-9.4). The organic carbon was less than 1 per cent except surface horizons of forest areas. The water retention characteristics of soils were strongly associated to texture with the finer soil showing higher retention and vice-versa. The particle density, bulk density and total porosity varied from 2.20 to 2.84, 1.16 to 1.45 Mg m−3 and 40.43 to 56.78 per cent, respectively and did not show regular pattern down the profile. The cation exchange capacity varied from 5.21 to 17.00 cmol (p+) kg−1.

INEXPENSIVE THERMISTOR SENSORS FOR TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS IN ORGANIC SOILS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-524
Author(s):  
JAMES A. CAMPBELL ◽  
LOUISE FRASCARELLI
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Organic Soils

Thermistors were incorporated in stainless steel tubular probes and in CPVC epoxy-filled pioe for accurate periodic and continuous in situ measurements of temperature in organic soil. Temperature can be measured with ± 0.1 °C with portable analog meters and ± 0.01 °C with digital meters.

scholarly journals Identification of local organic soils based on cone penetration test results

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 049-056
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Straż
Keyword(s):  
Organic Soil ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Penetration Testing ◽  
Cone Penetration Testing ◽  
In Situ Conditions

This paper presents the results of attempts to identify organic soils on the basis of test results performed under in situ conditions by cone penetration testing (CPT). The results of 439 selected tests were analysed which reflected the behaviour of local organic soils of organic matter ranging from 6,3 to 17,4%. Crucial to soil investigation were values measured of cone resistance (qc) and sleeve friction (fs) and the friction ratio (Rf) estimated according to those values. To identify organic soils, selected criteria were used, proposed among others by: Mayne, Marr, Bergmann, Schmertmann, Capanella and Robertson [2,5]. An analysis showed that an identification of organic soil types in terms of the present classification of standards, in view of the criteria used, is ambiguous and does not allow to identify them precisely by CPT.

scholarly journals The use of in situ volumetric water content at field capacity to improve the prediction of soil water retention properties

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Al Majou ◽  
Ary Bruand ◽  
Odile Duval
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Volumetric Water Content ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Water Retention Properties

Most pedotransfer functions (PTF) developed over the past three decades to generate water retention characteristics use soil texture, bulk density and organic carbon content as predictors. Despite the high number of PTFs published, most being class- or continuous-PTFs, the accuracy of prediction remains limited. In this study, we compared the performance of different class- and continuous-PTFs developed with a regional database. Results showed that the use of in situ volumetric water content at field capacity as a predictor led to much better estimation of water retention properties compared with using predictors derived from the texture, or the organic carbon content and bulk density. This was true regardless of the complexity of the PTFs developed. Results also showed that the best prediction quality was achieved by using the in situ volumetric water content at field capacity after stratification by texture. Comparison of in situ volumetric water content at field capacity, with the water retained at different matric potentials as measured in the laboratory, showed field capacity to approximate 100 hPa, whatever the soil texture. Finally, the lack accuracy of PTFs that do not use the in situ volumetric water content at field capacity as predictor did not appear due to the test soils being unrepresentative of the soils used to develop the PTFs, but were instead related to poor correlations between the predictors used and the water retention properties. Key words: Pedotransfer functions, root mean square error, mean error of prediction, standard deviation of prediction, texture, bulk density, organic carbon content

CALIBRATION OF A SINGLE GAMMA PROBE FOR MEASURING WET BULK DENSITY IN ORGANIC SOIL

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. VIGIER ◽  
J. A. CAMPBELL
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Gamma Probe ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Sampling Depth ◽  
Density Measurements ◽  
In Situ Calibration ◽  
Probe Calibration

The effect of degree of decomposition and depth of sampling on gamma probe wet bulk density measurements was investigated for two organic soils. Sampling depth did not significantly affect the probe calibration. In situ calibration must be done rather than in laboratory.

scholarly journals Soil-water retention of highly expansive clay stabilized with a bio-polymer

2021 ◽  
Vol 337 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Diego Manzanal ◽  
Sandra Orlandi ◽  
Mariano Fernandez ◽  
Cecilia Laskowski ◽  
Juan Cruz Barría ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Civil Infrastructure ◽  
Expansive Clay ◽  
Clayey Soils ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Water Retention Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The unpredictable expansiveness of clayey soils due to the change of water content can be responsible for significant pathologies on civil infrastructure. This behaviour depends mainly on the physical and chemical characteristics of the clayey soil and the stress-suction state of the soil. Extensive research has been carried out to control the swelling potential of clayey soils with traditional inorganic additives such as lime and cement. However, the use of these stabilizers presents adverse implications in terms of cost and environmental impact. Bio-products and waste by-products are an environmentally friendly alternative for geotechnical soil stabilization. In this article, we assess the effect of lignin on the hydro-mechanical behaviour of highly expansive clay. The research focuses on the behaviour upon wetting and the soil-water retention properties of clay and lignin-treated clay with different percentages. Suction measurements were made by using the filter paper technique. Particular emphasis on the mercury intrusion porosimetry analysis of the untreated and treated CR-Clay is done. Results of CR-Clay with lignin-based stabilizer show significant reduction of swelling upon wetting for the higher percentage of addition. Increase of the aggregation is observed with the growth of lignin percentage. An analysis of the soil-water retention properties with the van-Genutchen model is presented.

scholarly journals Effect of microbial UGmax enricher on soil physical and water retention properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-250
Author(s):  
Mirosław Orzechowski ◽  
Jacek Długosz ◽  
Sławomir Smólczyński ◽  
Barbara Kalisz ◽  
Paweł Sowiński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Water Capacity ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Available Water Capacity ◽  
Water Retention Properties ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The paper presents the impact of UGmax enricher on soil physical and water retention properties. The experiment was established in 2005 in a 2 ha field 9 km from Lidzbark Warmiński in the village of Budniki. The studied soils were classified as Cambisols and Luvisols (IUSS Working Group WRB 2015), and they were formed from glaciolimnic deposits. Soil bulk density, soil particle density, texture, total porosity and water retention properties using low and high-pressure chambers were determined. The use of UGmax enricher on loamy soils used as arable lands in temperate climate of north-eastern Poland caused significant decrease of soil bulk density, increase of available water capacity and readily available water capacity. Statistically significant differences between examined soil properties were observed in most studied years.

MEASUREMENT OF CO2 EVOLVED FROM ORGANIC SOIL AT DIFFERENT DEPTHS IN SITU

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. CAMPBELL ◽  
L. FRASCARELLI
Keyword(s):  
Soil Column ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Concentration Profiles ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Surface Evolution ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
A New Technique

A new technique for measuring CO2 evolved from organic soil at different depths in situ was used to monitor CO2 evolution in four experimental sites in southwestern Quebec and in an undisturbed soil column in the laboratory. The technique can be used in conjunction with in situ measurements of surface evolution of CO2, which are used as indicators of total subsidence by oxidation. Subsurface measurements of CO2 evolution provide more detailed estimates of where oxidation is occurring within the profile in organic soils. It also provides a simpler, more direct way of measuring CO2 fluxes below the soil surface than modelling from concentration profiles.

scholarly journals Construction of Porous Starch-Based Hydrogel via Regulating the Ratio of Amylopectin/Amylose for Enhanced Water-Retention

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3999
Author(s):  
Huiyuan Luo ◽  
Fuping Dong ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Yihang Li ◽  
Yuzhu Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Retention Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Traditional Natural ◽  
Water Retention Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The performance of hydrogels prepared with traditional natural starch as raw materials is considerable; the fixed ratio of amylose/amylopectin significantly limits the improvement of hydrogel structure and performance. In this paper, starch hydrogels were prepared by physical blending and chemical grafting, with the aid of ultrasonic heating. The effects of different amylose/amylopectin ratios on the microstructure and water retention properties of starch hydrogels were studied. The results show that an increase in amylopectin content is beneficial to improve the grafting ratio of acrylamide (AM). The interaction between the AM grafted on amylopectin and amylose molecules through hydrogen bonding increases the pores of the gel network and thins the pore walls. When the amylopectin content was 70%, the water absorption (swelling 45.25 times) and water retention performance (16 days water retention rate 44.17%) were optimal. This study provides new insights into the preparation of starch-based hydrogels with excellent physical and chemical properties.

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