scholarly journals Consequences of food energy excess and positive energy balance

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (7a) ◽  
pp. 1077-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Uauy ◽  
Erik Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Or In Energy ◽  
Positive Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Excess

AbstractThis paper discusses possible consequences of energy excess throughout the life cycle. Firstly we consider the effects of foods on hunger, satiety and satiation. Also, the changes in food availability and consumption in relation to changes in social and economic determinants of energy excess. The relationship between physical activity and energy intake (EI) is also considered. Secondly we explore the definition of energy excess and the metabolic effects of macronutrients (mainly in relation to fuel partitioning oxidation/storage) on energy balance. The cellular and molecular regulation determined by specific genes involved in lipogenesis, fuel partitioning and/or in energy dissipation are explored. Thirdly, we examine the main consequences induced by energy excess and positive energy balance, starting with the alterations in glucose utilisation (insulin resistance) leading to type 2 diabetes and the linkage of energy excess with other non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Biological, social and psychological consequences during perinatal, childhood and adolescence periods are specifically analysed. Fourthly, the transition from energy deficit to excess, under the optic of a developing country is analysed with country examples drawn from Latin America. The possible role of supplementary food programmes in determining positive energy balance is discussed especially in relation to pre-school and school feeding programmes. Fifthly, we deal with the economic costs of energy excess and obesity related diseases. Finally, some areas where further research is needed are described; biological and genetic determinants of individual and population energy requirements, foods and food preparations as actually consumed, consumer education and research needs on social determinants of energy imbalances.

Description of a bovine model for studying digestive and metabolic effects of a positive energy balance not biased by lactation or gravidity

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 460-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Dänicke ◽  
Ulrich Meyer ◽  
Janine Winkler ◽  
Kirsten Schulz ◽  
Sebastian Ulrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Positive Energy Balance

scholarly journals The effect of breakfast on appetite regulation, energy balance and exercise performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Clayton ◽  
Lewis J. James
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Energy Balance ◽  
The Impact

The belief that breakfast is the most important meal of day has been derived from cross-sectional studies that have associated breakfast consumption with a lower BMI. This suggests that breakfast omission either leads to an increase in energy intake or a reduction in energy expenditure over the remainder of the day, resulting in a state of positive energy balance. However, observational studies do not imply causality. A number of intervention studies have been conducted, enabling more precise determination of breakfast manipulation on indices of energy balance. This review will examine the results from these studies in adults, attempting to identify causal links between breakfast and energy balance, as well as determining whether consumption of breakfast influences exercise performance. Despite the associations in the literature, intervention studies have generally found a reduction in total daily energy intake when breakfast is omitted from the daily meal pattern. Moreover, whilst consumption of breakfast supresses appetite during the morning, this effect appears to be transient as the first meal consumed after breakfast seems to offset appetite to a similar extent, independent of breakfast. Whether breakfast affects energy expenditure is less clear. Whilst breakfast does not seem to affect basal metabolism, breakfast omission may reduce free-living physical activity and endurance exercise performance throughout the day. In conclusion, the available research suggests breakfast omission may influence energy expenditure more strongly than energy intake. Longer term intervention studies are required to confirm this relationship, and determine the impact of these variables on weight management.

Weight Dysregulation, Positive Energy Balance, and Binge Eating in Eating Disorders

Binge Eating ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Lowe ◽  
Leora L. Haller ◽  
Simar Singh ◽  
Joanna Y. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Positive Energy Balance

scholarly journals Murine neuronatin deficiency is associated with a hypervariable food intake and bimodal obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Cimino ◽  
Debra Rimmington ◽  
Y. C. Loraine Tung ◽  
Katherine Lawler ◽  
Pierre Larraufie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Chromatin Regulator ◽  
Positive Energy Balance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Deficient Mice

AbstractNeuronatin (Nnat) has previously been reported to be part of a network of imprinted genes downstream of the chromatin regulator Trim28. Disruption of Trim28 or of members of this network, including neuronatin, results in an unusual phenotype of a bimodal body weight. To better characterise this variability, we examined the key contributors to energy balance in Nnat+/−p mice that carry a paternal null allele and do not express Nnat. Consistent with our previous studies, Nnat deficient mice on chow diet displayed a bimodal body weight phenotype with more than 30% of Nnat+/−p mice developing obesity. In response to both a 45% high fat diet and exposure to thermoneutrality (30 °C) Nnat deficient mice maintained the hypervariable body weight phenotype. Within a calorimetry system, food intake in Nnat+/−p mice was hypervariable, with some mice consuming more than twice the intake seen in wild type littermates. A hyperphagic response was also seen in Nnat+/−p mice in a second, non-home cage environment. An expected correlation between body weight and energy expenditure was seen, but corrections for the effects of positive energy balance and body weight greatly diminished the effect of neuronatin deficiency on energy expenditure. Male and female Nnat+/−p mice displayed subtle distinctions in the degree of variance body weight phenotype and food intake and further sexual dimorphism was reflected in different patterns of hypothalamic gene expression in Nnat+/−p mice. Loss of the imprinted gene Nnat is associated with a highly variable food intake, with the impact of this phenotype varying between genetically identical individuals.

scholarly journals Energy Balance Calculation with Life Cycle Assessment for Production of Palm Biodiesel in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 10005
Author(s):  
Yoyon Wahyono ◽  
H. Hadiyanto ◽  
Mochamad Arief Budihardjo ◽  
Widayat
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Balance Analysis ◽  
Positive Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Balance Analysis ◽  
Energy Surplus

Energy balance analysis study for the production process of biodiesel needs to be done to find out whether a production process of biodiesel activity has a surplus energy or minus energy. This study aims to analyse the balance of energy of the plantation of palm, production of palm oil, and production process units of biodiesel with the life cycle assessment in Banyuasin - Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that the largest energy input in the plantation of palm, production of palm oil, and production process units of biodiesel sequentially is the use of urea as N-fertilizer, electricity, and methanol. The value of NEB and NER in the production process of palm biodiesel sequentially is 5871 MJ and 1.17. Finally, the production process of palm biodiesel in Banyuasin area has a positive energy balance. The activity of production of palm biodiesel is proper to operate because it produces an energy surplus.

Dehydration of Ethanol: New Approach Gives Positive Energy Balance

Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 205 (4409) ◽  
pp. 898-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. LADISCH ◽  
K. DYCK
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Positive Energy Balance

scholarly journals Breakfast and exercise contingently affect postprandial metabolism and energy balance in physically active males

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier T. Gonzalez ◽  
Rachel C. Veasey ◽  
Penny L. S. Rumbold ◽  
Emma J. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Postprandial Metabolism ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Breakfast Consumption ◽  
Positive Energy Balance ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Test Drink

The present study examined the impact of breakfast and exercise on postprandial metabolism, appetite and macronutrient balance. A sample of twelve (blood variables n 11) physically active males completed four trials in a randomised, crossover design comprising a continued overnight fast followed by: (1) rest without breakfast (FR); (2) exercise without breakfast (FE); (3) breakfast consumption (1859 kJ) followed by rest (BR); (4) breakfast consumption followed by exercise (BE). Exercise was continuous, moderate-intensity running (expending approximately 2·9 MJ of energy). The equivalent time was spent sitting during resting trials. A test drink (1500 kJ) was ingested on all trials followed 90 min later by an ad libitum lunch. The difference between the BR and FR trials in blood glucose time-averaged AUC following test drink consumption approached significance (BR: 4·33 (sem 0·14) v. FR: 4·75 (sem 0·16) mmol/l; P= 0·08); but it was not different between FR and FE (FE: 4·77 (sem 0·14) mmol/l; P= 0·65); and was greater in BE (BE: 4·97 (sem 0·13) mmol/l) v. BR (P= 0·012). Appetite following the test drink was reduced in BR v. FR (P= 0·006) and in BE v. FE (P= 0·029). Following lunch, the most positive energy balance was observed in BR and least positive in FE. Regardless of breakfast, acute exercise produced a less positive energy balance following ad libitum lunch consumption. Energy and fat balance is further reduced with breakfast omission. Breakfast improved the overall appetite responses to foods consumed later in the day, but abrogated the appetite-suppressive effect of exercise.

The dynamics of energy supply and demand of foaling mares managed at pasture: a deterministic modelling approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (18) ◽  
pp. 2122
Author(s):  
Y. Y. Chin ◽  
F. J. Roca Fraga ◽  
P. J. Back ◽  
E. K. Gee ◽  
C. W. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Deterministic Modelling

Context. At pasture, the nutritional status of mares will change due to a dynamic association between their energy requirements and the energy supply. Change in the plane of nutrition can influence reproductive performance measures in the mares. To help optimise nutritional and operational management of mares on stud farms, the nutritional status of Thoroughbred broodmares and the factors influencing the energy supply and demand were investigated. Aims. To assess nutritional status of the Thoroughbred broodmare herds under ‘normal’ New Zealand commercial stud-farm conditions. Methods. The energy intake, energy requirement and energy balance during the last 3 months of pregnancy and the first 5 months of lactation were modelled for mares with an initial bodyweight of 450 kg, 500 kg, 550 kg and 600 kg, and foaled at 0, 15, 50, and 90 days after 1 September. Key results. For all foaling dates and bodyweights, mares were in positive energy balance during the last 3 months of pregnancy (6.1–8.5%). Energy balance decreased as pregnancy progressed, followed by a large and acute energy deficit that was initiated soon after foaling and continued during lactation. The energy deficit during lactation varied between –8.6% and –12.4%, depending on the foaling date modelled. Mares foaling later in the season (50–90 days after 1 September) had greater and longer (30–50 days) postpartum energy deficit than did mares that foaled earlier in the season, who recovered within 20 days postpartum. The modelled changes in the energy balance would be large enough to initiate mobilisation of the fat reserve (body condition), and could, therefore, explain the observation of delayed postpartum to conception interval observed with later-foaling mares on commercial farms. Conclusions. There is a large and prolonged energy deficit soon after foaling and throughout 150 days of lactation in Thoroughbred mares managed under New Zealand commercial grazing conditions. Foaling later in the season can cause a mismatch in energy supply and demand that would increase and prolong the energy deficit. Implications. These findings suggest a need for stud farms to actively manage the pasture supply and monitor the mare’s BWT and BCS changes in an attempt to optimise the mare’s nutritional status and reproductive performance.

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