scholarly journals An accelerated nutrition transition in Iran

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (1a) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Ghassemi ◽  
Gail Harrison ◽  
Kazem Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Food Utilisation ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran

Abstract:Objective:To describe the emergence of the nutrition transition, and associated morbidity shifts, in the Islamic Republic of Iran.Design:Review and analysis of secondary data relating to the socio-political and nutritional context, demographic trends, food utilisation and consumption patterns, obesity, and diet-related morbidity.Results and conclusions:The nutrition transition in Iran is occurring rapidly, secondary to the rapid change in fertility and mortality patterns and to urbanisation. The transition is occurring against the backdrop of lack of sustained economicgrowth. There is considerable imbalance in food consumption with low nutrient density characterising diets at all income levels, over-consumption evident among more than a third of households, and food insecurity among 20% of the population. Obesity is an emerging problem, particularly in urban areas and for women, and both diabetes and other risk factors for heart disease are becoming significant problems.

scholarly journals Repatriation as a Solution of Afghan Refugee Crisis: A Critical Overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumaya Khan Auntu ◽  
Afia Tasnim Promee
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Afghan Refugees ◽  
Afghan Refugee ◽  
Fourth Decade ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
Durable Solutions ◽  
Secondary Data Sources ◽  
Critical Overview

Since 1979, the Afghan refugee crisis is the second largest refugee crisis in the world which is termed as “Protracted Refugee Situation”. Since then, the neighboring countries, the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan have provided support in terms of sheltering the refugees and conducting the measures of durable solutions. Last year, it marked the fourth decade of the crisis, and there is still no permanent solution. Different measures have been taken, among them, Solutions Strategy for Afghan Refugees (SSAR) is the most significant one. In this paper, a qualitative approach involving secondary data sources critically evaluates the effects of repatriation as a solution to the Afghan refugee crisis. This paper had tried to illustrate significant initiatives taken by UNHCR and the governments of Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iran along with the international community. In conclusion, some policies are recommended to make voluntary repatriation more effective.

Life-course Variations in Spouses’ Division of Roles in Urban Areas of the Islamic Republic of Iran

2021 ◽  
pp. 002190962110439
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Torabi
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Parental Roles ◽  
Gender Similarities ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
Gender Patterns ◽  
Domestic Roles

Despite a growing acceptance of egalitarian gender attitudes, there is no empirical evidence about the division of roles between wives and husbands and its variation across their family life in the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI). This paper uses data from the 2014 to 2015 Time Use Survey, representing urban areas of the IRI, to examine the dynamics of the spouses’ division of roles across their family life. The findings confirm a gender division of roles. The mapping of the spouses’ role behaviours during their family life provides a combination of gender similarities and differences. Role configurations (or role variations across family life) clearly differ between spouses but the pathways (or life-course variations in role behaviours) are quite similar in some roles (i.e., community, individual and parental roles) and different in others (i.e., occupational and domestic roles). To the extent that the existing gender patterns are perceived as unjustified, they can be consequential not only for marital satisfaction and quality, but also for marriage and childbearing decisions.

scholarly journals Knowledge, perceptions and prevention of malaria among women in Sistan va Baluchestan, Islamic Republic of Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Rakhshani ◽  
A. R. Ansari Moghadam ◽  
R. Alemi ◽  
A. Moradi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Mosquito Net ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran

A questionnaire about malaria knowledge, beliefs and practices was given to a random sample of 2168 married women from rural and urban areas of Sistan va Baluchestan, Islamic Republic of Iran. The mean knowledge score of subjects was low at 5.5 [maximum 15.0]. Few respondents [37.6%] knew that malaria was an important disease in the area and only 58.4% knew that malaria was transmitted by mosquitoes. Most subjects [69.4%] never used a mosquito net. Only 49.9% of rural and 73.8% of urban residents would seek care for fever and chills from the local health centre. Community health workers [behvarz] were the main source of information [29.5%] for rural women; the role of physicians in education was minimal. Subsequent health education must be tailored to the educational needs of the target population in this area

A Study Of Expansion Of The Fmcg Market Across Rural Areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (8) ◽  
pp. 142-151
Author(s):  
Dr. Udayagiri Raghunath ◽  
Dr. V.Venkateswara Rao
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Customer Choice ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Rural Markets ◽  
Urban Markets ◽  
Tv Media ◽  
Rural Clients ◽  
Tv Watching

The corporate companies dealing with FMCG products have started focusing on rural markets as the urban markets have become saturated and highly competitive. Capturing the rural markets brings forth a whole new set of challenges as it is laborious to break in. This market presents the companies with gamut challenges on a new dimension which demand entirely different strategies as compared to the ones used in urban areas. Studying the rural markets for rural markets has become crucial more than ever. It is an objective learning, psychiatry of dispersion, impact of the FMCG in rural areas. This research uses diverse utensils, procedure toward analyze composed records. Several of the features used in analyzing the data are the consumer characteristics like educational qualifications, professions they are in, and the income levels. The role of TV media advertising is also analyzed. Many deals and promotions advertised on TV are investigated. The scope of authority wield by publicity happening customer choice production has looked into. The different levels of media exposure and preferable TV watching times and their favorite programs considered while analyzing the data. The spending prototype of rural clients on FMCG is examined and further categorized based on their income levels, educational qualifications, and legal awareness of consumer act. All the analyzed data, results, and suggestions presented in the visual formats.

Shiga toxin-producing bacteria as emerging enteric pathogens associated with outbreaks of foodborne illness in the Islamic Republic of Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 976-981
Author(s):  
Elahe Tajeddin ◽  
Leila Ganji ◽  
Zahra Hasani ◽  
Fahimeh Sadat Ghoalm Mostafaei ◽  
Masoumeh Azimirad
Keyword(s):  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Foodborne Illness ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran
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