Somaclonal variation in seed germination of dallisgrass biotypes

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.D. Pitman ◽  
S.S. Croughan ◽  
J.L. Nash ◽  
B.C. Venuto
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Paspalum Dilatatum ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Plant Persistence ◽  
Agronomic Potential

Dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.) is an important pasture grass on moist fertile sites in warm climates, however, it is limited in use by periodic low seed quality and resulting erratic availability and establishment difficulties. Due to apomictic reproduction, common pentaploid dallisgrass has not been responsive to traditional plant improvement approaches. Recent research has shown potential for some improvement in forage production and plant persistence with apomictic hexaploid varieties of dallisgrass. Tissue-culture regeneration has been reported to produce somaclonal variation in seed germination of common pentaploid dallisgrass and has recently resulted in availability of potentially useful regenerants of hexaploid dallisgrass. Seed of selected plants from both field and greenhouse environments was evaluated in replicated germination trials to determine whether hexaploid tissue-culture regenerants responded similarly to regenerants from common dallisgrass and to determine whether regenerants expressing potential agronomic usefulness as indicated by preliminary observations differed in germination. The eight germination trials included 299 regenerants with 57 of these being duplicate entries among trials. Germination did not differ among sources of regenerants. Within sources germination differed among regenerants with a few individuals exceeding germination percentage of parent lines in one evaluation of greenhouse-produced seed. Individual regenerants with agronomic potential and high percentage seed germination were identified. The results demonstrate that tissue-culture regeneration can be used to produce improved germination in agronomically useful genotypes of apomictic dallisgrass and suggest that such potential may exist for other recalcitrant plant species.

scholarly journals Impact of seed size on seeds viability, vigor and storability of Hordeum vulgare (L.)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Massimi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
The Impact

Seed size may influence seed germination, and seedling vigor. Few investigations are available about the effect of seed size on barley seedling vigor in Jordan. The present study was designed to investigate the impact of seed size on germination percentage, seedling dry weight, seedling vigor index, and germination percentage after accelerated aging in barley. Three seed sizes i.e. large, medium, and small (having diameter of > 2.75 millimeter, 2.5 - 2.75 millimeter, and less than 2.5 millimeter, respectively) were tested in the experiment. Seed quality for different seed size categories was evaluated in the laboratory by measuring seed germination, germination after accelerated aging, as well seedling dry weight and vigor index. Results showed significant differences for large seeds in germination percentages, seedling dry weight and vigor index. It may be concluded that large seed size of barley showed best quality.

Effect of Calcium and Irrigation Treatments on Peanut Yield, Grade and Seed Quality1

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Cox ◽  
G. A. Sullivan ◽  
C. K. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Large Yield ◽  
Irrigation Treatments

Abstract The effect of irrigation and/or Ca (calcium) application on yield, grade and seed quality was studied using Florigiant peanuts planted on three dates. Calcium application resulted in a small, but consistent, yield increase at all planting dates. Irrigation resulted in a large yield response on early planted peanuts and no response on late planted ones. Grade, specifically sound mature kernel percentage, was improved by both Ca and irrigation treatments but the effects were only slightly additive. Similar interaction effects were noted as these treatments increased the germination percentage of the seed produced and decreased the percentage of kernels with the form of damage termed dark plumule. Both treatments also decreased the amount of watery hypocotyl damage and increased the Ca concentration in the seed. Germination was 89 to 94% when the seed Ca level was greater than 420 ppm, but fell linearly to 52% when the seed Ca decreased from 420 to 200 ppm.

scholarly journals Temperature and Light Effects on Germination Behaviour of African Eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum L.) Seeds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.M. Botey ◽  
J.O. Ochuodho ◽  
L. Ngode ◽  
H. Dwamena ◽  
I. Osei-Tutu
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Solanum Aethiopicum ◽  
Germination Behaviour

Background: A preliminary study of the African eggplant seeds obtained from farmers sources recorded a wide variation in percentage germination under ambient conditions (25±2°C). The germination percentage ranged from 0% to 25%, while fresh seeds ranged between 53% and 87%. As temperature and light are important factors of seed germination, the current study investigated the effect of temperature on the germination pattern and the influence of light interaction with temperature on seed germination of African eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum L.) under controlled conditions. Methods: Seeds of two cultivars of African eggplant were subjected to constant and alternating temperatures and under three light exposure regimes. Seed quality was accessed by per cent germination, mean germination time, time to reach 50% germination, germination index and mean daily germination. Result: The highest percentage germination under constant temperatures was recorded at 25°C (76%) and 20°C (74%). The maximum temperature and light conditions required for maximum seed germination quality (76-95%) at the shortest time (4-5 days) was 30/20°C under alternating 8/16 hours light and dark.

scholarly journals Pre-Germination Treatments, Temperature, and Light Conditions Improved Seed Germination of Passiflora incarnata L.

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 937
Author(s):  
Luciana G. Angelini ◽  
Clarissa Clemente ◽  
Silvia Tavarini
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽  
Passiflora Incarnata

Perennial medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) may represent interesting, environmentally friendly crops for the Mediterranean environments. Among MAPs, Passiflora incarnata L. (maypop) represents a very promising crop for its wide adaptability to diverse climatic conditions, low input requirements, and high added-value due to its unique medicinal properties. The main problem in P. incarnata large-scale cultivation is the poor seed quality with erratic and low seed germination, due to its apparent pronounced seed dormancy. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate different chemical and physical treatments for overpassing seed dormancy and enhancing seed germination rates of P. incarnata. The effects of (i) different pre-germination treatments (pre-chilling, gibberellic acid—GA3, leaching, scarification, non-treated control), (ii) light or darkness exposure, and (iii) temperature conditions (25, 30, and 35 °C constant and 20–30 °C alternating temperatures) have been examined in seed germination percentage and mean germination time of three P. incarnata accessions (F2016, FF2016, and A2016) grown in field conditions in Central Italy. Data showed that the pre-germination treatments generally stimulated faster germination compared to the control, with the best results obtained in the dark and with high temperatures. These findings are useful for the choice of the most suitable seed pre-germination treatment that can facilitate stable, high and agronomically acceptable germination rates in P. incarnata.

scholarly journals Hydropriming and Biopriming Improve Medicago truncatula Seed Germination and Upregulate DNA Repair and Antioxidant Genes

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 242
Author(s):  
Chiara Forti ◽  
Ajay Shankar ◽  
Anjali Singh ◽  
Alma Balestrazzi ◽  
Vishal Prasad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Northern India

Seed germination is a critical parameter for the successful development of sustainable agricultural practices. While seed germination is impaired by environmental constraints emerging from the climate change scenario, several types of simple procedures, known as priming, can be used to enhance it. Seed priming is defined as the process of regulating seed germination by managing a series of parameters during the initial stages of germination. Hydropriming is a highly accessible and economic technique that involves soaking of seeds in water followed by drying. Biopriming refers to the inoculation of seeds with beneficial microorganism. The present study aims to investigate whether hydropriming and biopriming could enhance seed germination. Thereby, the germination of Medicago truncatula seeds exposed to hydropriming and/or Bacillus spp. isolates was monitored for two-weeks. The seeds were sown in trays containing two types of in situ agricultural soils collected from Northern India (Karsara, Varanasi). This region is believed to be contaminated by solid waste from a nearby power plant. Phenotypic parameters had been monitored and compared to find the most appropriate combination of treatments. Additionally, qRT-PCR was used to evaluate the expression levels of specific genes used as molecular indicators of seed quality. The results show that, while hydropriming significantly enhanced seed germination percentage, biopriming resulted in improved seedling development, represented by increased biomass rather than seedling length. At a molecular level, this is reflected by the upregulation of genes involved in DNA damage repair and antioxidant defence. In conclusion, hydropriming and biopriming are efficient to improve seed germination and seedling establishment in soils collected from damaged sites of Northern India; this is reflected by morphological parameters and molecular hallmarks of seed quality.

scholarly journals Seed germination performance of nine Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) varieties under the laboratory condition after six months of storage period.

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-211
Author(s):  
Ari Wibowo ◽  
Dwi Nugroho ◽  
Ucu Sumirat
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
High Germination ◽  
Intermediate Seeds

Coffee seeds are classified into intermediate seeds which require high moisture content during the storage and possess a short shelf life. Seed germination testing aims to determine the potential of a seed lot, evaluate seed quality during the storage and also to estimate the success of seedling in the nursery. This experiment aimed to determine the germination performance of several Arabica coffee varieties after being stored for six months at controlled temperature. Nine varieties of Arabica coffee, namely Abesinia-3, Andungsari-1, BLP, Gayo-2, Goiaba, Kartika-1, Kayumas, MP-3, and S-795 were used in this study. The seeds were harvested in the 2019 harvest season (September) and the germination was tested in April 2020. The germination test was carried out in laboratory by using petridish. The result showed that the tested Arabica coffee seeds still had a high germination percentage which was more than 85%. Only three varieties namely S-795, Abesinia-3, and Goiaba had low germination growth (<80%). Meanwhile, Kayumas, BLP, and Kartika-1 coffee varieties had the best germination growth with an average length of 34.19 mm; 39.79 mm and 39.41 mm, respectively. Kartika-1 variety needs 6–7 days to germinate; Kayumas, BLP, and Goiaba varieties took 7–8 days; S-795 and MP-3 took 10 days; as well as Andungsari-1, Abesinia-3, and Gayo-2 which took 10–12 days. Arabica coffee seeds that had a short germination time will had a high germination rate and otherwise. Each variety displayed a different germination performance. BLP, Kartika-1, Gayo-2 and MP-3 varieties had high potential germination, 86.67%; 89.17%; 86.67%, and 93.33%, respectively. Kayumas, BLP, and Kartika-1 varieties showed significantly longer germination, namely 34.19 mm; 39.79 mm and 39.41 mm, respectively. The fastest of average germination time was possessed by Kartika-1 variety (6.54 days) and the highest seed germination rate was also possessed by Kartika-1 variety (0.153 per day). 

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Germination Potential of Citrus Seeds during the Harvesting Season

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 1197-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Orbović ◽  
Manjul Dutt ◽  
Jude W. Grosser
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Citrus Seeds ◽  
Time Of Harvest

The effects of fruit age on the seed quality and germination percentage of ‘Duncan’ and ‘Flame’ grapefruit and ‘Hamlin’ sweet orange were investigated. Our results suggested that seed germination varied from 98% to 100% for the two grapefruit cultivars and 85% to 100% for ‘Hamlin’ regardless of time of harvest. Within the first 5 months of the harvest season, chilling of ‘Duncan’ and ‘Hamlin’ seeds at 4 °C for 7 days after fruit sampling resulted in a lower germination percentage only with the ‘Hamlin’ seeds. Seed moisture content of all three cultivars varied slightly through the season and remained steady at 60% and 70% for batches of fresh seeds stored at room temperature or at 4 °C. Our results suggest that high seed viability and germination percentage can allow the use of these seeds for experimentation regardless of the time the fruit were picked during the harvest season.

Pollen limitation and its effect on seed germination

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry M. Baskin ◽  
Carol C. Baskin
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Pollen Limitation ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Positive Zero ◽  
Equal Weight ◽  
Population Growth Models

AbstractIn nature, fruit and seed production in many plants have been shown to be pollen limited. Pollen limitation is demonstrated when open-pollinated plants that are hand-supplemented (Ps) with outcross pollen produce more fruits and/or seeds than open-pollinated controls that are not hand-pollinated (Po). There are three categories of results in such studies: Ps> Po, Ps= Poand Ps< Po, in which case pollen limitation indices are positive, zero and negative, respectively. In an index widely used to calculate pollen limitation, 1 – (Po/Ps), the bounds for Ps≥ Poare 0 to + 1, whereas the bounds for Ps< Poare 0 to –∞. The first aim of this review was to show how the pollen limitation index can be modified so that the bounds of Ps< Poare 0 and –1, whereupon the index gives equal weight to the best performer (Psor Po) and worst performer (Psor Po). In addition to seed quantity, pollen supplementation can affect seed quality, including germinability. Thus, our second aim was to summarize the results of studies that have also tested the effect of pollen limitation on seed germination. In short, the 30 case studies in 15 families, 16 genera and 18 species that we identified show that seed germination percentage increased, was not affected or decreased by pollen supplementation in 12, 11 and seven cases, respectively. The effect of pollen limitation on seed germination, which can be quite large, has not been considered in developing population growth models to determine the effect of pollen limitation on λ.

scholarly journals Effect of Foliar Application of Micronutrients on Plant Growth and Seed Germination of Four Okra Cultivars

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-263
Author(s):  
Ghadir MOHAMMADI ◽  
Ebrahim M. KHAH ◽  
Spyridon Alexandros PETROPOULOS ◽  
Dimosthenis B. CHACHALIS
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Hard Seeds ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
Number Of Seeds

In the present study, the effect of foliar application of micronutrient fertilizers on okra plants was examined. Four okra cultivars (‘Boyiatiou’, ‘Veloudo’, ‘Clemson’ and ‘Pylaias’) were sprayed weekly throughout the duration of the cultivation with two commercial micronutrient fertilizers (F1 and F2) [e.g. M1= control (0 ml); M2= 40 ml (20 ml of each fertilizer); M3 = 80 ml (40 ml of each fertilizer). From the results of the present study, it was observed that plant height of ‘Boyiatiou’ and ‘Pylaias’ was increased by application of M2 whereas plant height of ‘Clemson’ and ‘Veloudo’ was either unaffected or reduced. Flower induction increased at both micronutrient levels (M2 and M3) only in ‘Pylaias’. Pod set was higher in treatment M3 in ‘Veloudo’ and ‘Pylaias’ and resulted in higher seed yield.  Pod length and diameter were not affected by micronutrient application, as well as 100-seed mean weight and moisture content; however the number of seeds per pod in ‘Pylaias’ was significantly lower in M2 and M3 than in M1, whereas the percent seed germination of all cultivars was higher following micronutrient application. Germination differed between the control and the micronutrient treatments at all times of harvest and plant parts. In conclusion, the main value of foliar application of micronutrients was to increase germination percentage and reduce hardseedness, especially for cv. ‘Veloudo’, since the occurrence of hard seeds in susceptible cultivars reduces germination, and therefore seed quality. In some cultivars (‘Pylaias’ and ‘Veloudo’ here) micronutrients may also increase seed yield by increasing pod set.

scholarly journals The effect of method and germination paper substrate on viability of Eucalyptus pellita F. Mull seed

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Naning Yuniarti ◽  
Megawati Megawati ◽  
Budi Leksono
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Paper Test ◽  
Paper Substrate ◽  
Seedling Seed Orchard ◽  
Eucalyptus Pellita ◽  
Paper Filter ◽  
Seed Handling

Improper seed handling of Eucalyptus pellita will reduce seed quality, so as to improve the viability of the seed proper handling techniques are needed. To investigate the seed germination potency as a result of seed handling germination seed tests are needed. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of germination method and paper substrate on the viability of E. pellita seeds.  Seeds used in this study were from seedling seed orchard in South Sumatra, South Kalimantan, and Riau. Seed germination methods used in the laboratory tests were method of top paper and between paper tests, besides that, different papers were used such as: paper substrate namely straw paper, towel paper, filter paper, and newspaper. Factorial experimental design completely randomized was used. The results showed that: (1) the method of germination and paper substrate was significant (2) the best paper substrate and germination method was the method of top paper test with used media of newspaper (germination percentage 204 seedling /0.01 grams).

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