Plasma etching and ashing: a technique for demonstrating internal structures of helminths using scanning electron microscopy

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Veltkamp ◽  
J.C. Chubb
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Etching ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
The Times ◽  
Ethanol Series ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractPlasma etching and ashing for demonstrating the three-dimensional ultrastructure of the internal organs of helminths is described. Adult worms of the cestode Caryophyllaeides fennica were dehydrated through an ethanol series, critical point dried (Polaron E3000) and sputter coated with 60% gold-palladium (Polaron E5100) and glued to a standard scanning electron microscope (SEM) stub positioned as required for ashing. After initial SEM viewing of worm surfaces for orientation, stubs were placed individually in the reactor chamber of a PT7150 plasma etching and ashing machine. Worms were exposed to a radio frequency (RF) potential in a low pressure (0.2 mbar) oxygen atmosphere at room temperature. The oxidation process was controlled by varying the times of exposure to the RF potential between 2 to 30 min, depending on the depth of surface tissue to be removed to expose target organs or tissues. After each exposure the oxidized layer was blown from the surface with compressed air, the specimen sputter-coated, and viewed by SEM. The procedure was repeated as necessary, to progressively expose successive layers. Fine details of organs, cells within, and cell contents were revealed. Ashing has the advantage of providing three dimensional images of the arrangement of organs that are impossible to visualize by any other procedure, for example facilitating testes counts in cestodes. Both freshly-fixed and long-term stored helminths can be ashed. Ashing times to obtain the desired results were determined by trial so that some duplicate material was needed.

scholarly journals FIB-SEM Three-Dimensional Tomography for Characterization of Carbon-Based Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Nan ◽  
Jingxin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Tomography ◽  
Tomography System ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Carbon Based

A review on the recent advances of the three-dimensional (3D) characterization of carbon-based materials was conducted by focused ion beam-scanning electron microscope (FIB-SEM) tomography. Current studies and further potential applications of the FIB-SEM 3D tomography technique for carbon-based materials were discussed. The goal of this paper is to highlight the advances of FIB-SEM 3D reconstruction to reveal the high and accurate resolution of internal structures of carbon-based materials and provide suggestions for the adoption and improvement of the FIB-SEM tomography system for a broad carbon-based research to achieve the best examination performances and enhance the development of innovative carbon-based materials.

Target organs in arterial hypertension

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 378-381
Author(s):  
A. S. Galyavich
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Target Organ Damage ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Hypertensive Encephalopathy ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Vascular Involvement ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Aorta Aneurysm ◽  
Target Organs

One of the consequences of long-term BP increase is damage of internal organs, the so-called target organs (target organ damage, end organ damage). These include heart, brain, kidneys, vessels. Heart damage in arterial hypertension may be manifested by left ventricular hypertrophy, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, chronic heart failure and sudden death, brain damage - by thrombosis and hemorrhages, hypertensive encephalopathy and cerebral lacunae, kidneys - microalbuminuria, proteinuria, chronic renal failure, vascular involvement - lesions of retinal vessels, carotid arteries, aorta (aneurysm).

scholarly journals Conductometric H2 Gas Sensor With Doped And Dedoped Electropolymerized Polyaniline Nanostructures

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashidah Arsat ◽  
Mahyuddin Arsat ◽  
Michael Breedon ◽  
Kourosh Kalantar Zadeh ◽  
Wojtek Wlodarski
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Porous Structure ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
H2 Sensor ◽  
Gas Sensing Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron

Dalam kertas kerja ini, struktur dan prestasi pengesanan gas oleh polianilin yang berskala nano yang dimendap di atas transduser lithium tantalate. Polimer berkonduksi ini disintesiskan melalui teknik electropolymerization. Struktur permukaan polianilin dicirikan dengan menggunakan Mikroskop Pengesan Elektron (Scanning Electron Microscopy). Didapati bahawa polianiline yang terhasil dipermukaan transducer adalah 3–dimensi struktur dan poros. Pengesan ini kemudian disiasat prestasinya terhadap konsentrasi gas yang berbeza dan berada dalam keadaan suhu bilik. Kata kunci: Pengesan H2; polianilin, berskala nano; electropolymerization; dop dan nyah–dop In this work, the structural and gas sensing properties of polyaniline nanostructures deposited on 36° lithium tantalite (LiTaO3) conductometric transducers was investigated. The polyaniline nanostructures were synthesized via an electropolymerization method. The morphology of the nanostructured polyaniline was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). It was observed that the electropolymerised film was a three–dimensional (3D) porous structure of polyaniline fibers and nanotips. The conductometric sensors were exposed to different concentrations of hydrogen (H2) gas at room temperature. Key words: H2 sensor; polyaniline; nanostructures; electropolymerization; doped and dedoped

Modification of an Injectable Chitosan Scaffold by Blending with NaHCO3 to Improve Cytocompatibility

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 781-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Huang ◽  
Bo Yu ◽  
Qingling Feng ◽  
Songjian Li
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chitosan Solution ◽  
Gel Formation ◽  
Injectable Scaffolds ◽  
Injectable Scaffold ◽  
Porous Hydrogel ◽  
Scanning Electron

The chitosan/β-glycerophosphate (C/GP) system, which allows injection at room temperature and gel-formation at body temperature, can be considered as a candidate for injectable scaffolds. To improve the cytocompatiblity of the C/GPhydrogel, we used NaHCO3 as buffer to neutralize chitosan solution and lower the GP concentration from 400 to 135 mM. The chitosan/β-glycerophosphate//NaHCO3 (C/GP/NaHCO3) system was liquid before injection and became a three-dimensional porous hydrogel at body temperature, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The C/GP/NaHCO3 hydrogels showed higher cytocompatibility with rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) in vitro compared to C/GP hydrogels. Our results indicated that the C/GP/NaHCO3 system was suitable as an injectable scaffold for tissue engineering.

Scanning and Transmission Microscopy of Nematocyst Batteries in Epitheliomuscular Cells of Hydra

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 410-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane A. Westfall ◽  
S. Yamataka ◽  
Paul D. Enos
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
External Surface ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Scanning Electron

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provides three dimensional details of external surface structures and supplements ultrastructural information provided by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Animals composed of watery jellylike tissues such as hydras and other coelenterates have not been considered suitable for SEM studies because of the difficulty in preserving such organisms in a normal state. This study demonstrates 1) the successful use of SEM on such tissue, and 2) the unique arrangement of batteries of nematocysts within large epitheliomuscular cells on tentacles of Hydra littoralis.Whole specimens of Hydra were prepared for SEM (Figs. 1 and 2) by the fix, freeze-dry, coat technique of Small and Màrszalek. The specimens were fixed in osmium tetroxide and mercuric chloride, freeze-dried in vacuo on a prechilled 1 Kg brass block, and coated with gold-palladium. Tissues for TEM (Figs. 3 and 4) were fixed in glutaraldehyde followed by osmium tetroxide. Scanning micrographs were taken on a Cambridge Stereoscan Mark II A microscope at 10 KV and transmission micrographs were taken on an RCA EMU 3G microscope (Fig. 3) or on a Hitachi HU 11B microscope (Fig. 4).

A Scanning Electron Microscope Study of Isolated Guard Cells

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 454-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Dayanandan ◽  
P. B. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Psilotum Nudum ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Welwitschia Mirabilis ◽  
Cycas Revoluta ◽  
Scanning Electron

A three dimensional appreciation of the guard cell morphology coupled with ultrastjuctural studies should lead to a better understanding of their still obscure dynamics of movement. We have found the SEM of great value not only in studies of the surface details of stomata but also in resolving the structures and relationships that exist between the guard and subsidiary cells. We now report the isolation and SEM studies of guard cells from nine genera of plants.Guard cells were isolated from the following plants: Psilotum nudum, four species of Equisetum, Cycas revoluta, Ceratozamia sp., Pinus sylvestris, Ephedra cochuma, Welwitschia mirabilis, Euphorbia tirucalli and Allium cepa.

Scanning Electron Microscopy-cuticular Lesions on the Roundworm Ascaris Suum

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 114-115
Author(s):  
P. A. Madden ◽  
W. R. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Secondary Electron ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Silver Paint ◽  
To Come ◽  
Scanning Electron

The intestinal roundworm of swine is pinkish in color and about the diameter of a lead pencil. Adult worms, taken from parasitized swine, frequently were observed with macroscopic lesions on their cuticule. Those possessing such lesions were rinsed in distilled water, and cylindrical segments of the affected areas were removed. Some of the segments were fixed in buffered formalin before freeze-drying; others were freeze-dried immediately. Initially, specimens were quenched in liquid freon followed by immersion in liquid nitrogen. They were then placed in ampuoles in a freezer at −45C and sublimated by vacuum until dry. After the specimens appeared dry, the freezer was allowed to come to room temperature slowly while the vacuum was maintained. The dried specimens were attached to metal pegs with conductive silver paint and placed in a vacuum evaporator on a rotating tilting stage. They were then coated by evaporating an alloy of 20% palladium and 80% gold to a thickness of approximately 300 A°. The specimens were examined by secondary electron emmission in a scanning electron microscope.

The significance of SEM in the diagnosis of haematopoietic malignancies

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-315
Author(s):  
Etienne de Harven ◽  
Nina Lampen
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Ethanol Dehydration ◽  
Moist Chamber ◽  
Efficient Alternative ◽  
Mononuclear Leucocytes ◽  
Fast Quenching ◽  
Freeze Dryer ◽  
Scanning Electron

Samples of heparinized blood, or bone marrow aspirates, or cell suspensions prepared from biopsied tissues (nodes, spleen, etc. ) are routinely prepared, after Ficoll-Hypaque concentration of the mononuclear leucocytes, for scanning electron microscopy. One drop of the cell suspension is placed in a moist chamber on a poly-l-lysine pretreated plastic coverslip (Mazia et al., J. Cell Biol. 66:198-199, 1975) and fifteen minutes allowed for cell attachment. Fixation, started in 2. 5% glutaraldehyde in culture medium at room temperature for 30 minutes, is continued in the same fixative at 4°C overnight or longer. Ethanol dehydration is immediately followed by drying at the critical point of CO2 or of Freon 13. An efficient alternative method for ethanol dehydrated cells is to dry the cells at low temperature (-75°C) under vacuum (10-2 Torr) for 30 minutes in an Edwards-Pearse freeze-dryer (de Harven et al., SEM/IITRI/1977, 519-524). This is preceded by fast quenching in supercooled ethanol (between -90 and -100°C).

Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy of Human Red Blood Cells

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
A.J. Tousimis ◽  
T.R. Padden
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Microscope Slides ◽  
Scanning Electron

The size, shape and surface morphology of human erythrocytes (RBC) were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), of the fixed material directly and by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of surface replicas to compare the relative merits of these two observational procedures for this type specimen.A sample of human blood was fixed in glutaraldehyde and washed in distilled water by centrifugation. The washed RBC's were spread on freshly cleaved mica and on aluminum coated microscope slides and then air dried at room temperature. The SEM specimens were rotary coated with 150Å of 60:40- gold:palladium alloy in a vacuum evaporator using a new combination spinning and tilting device. The TEM specimens were preshadowed with platinum and then rotary coated with carbon in the same device. After stripping the RBC-Pt-C composite film, the RBC's were dissolved in 2.5N HNO3 followed by 0.2N NaOH leaving the preshadowed surface replicas showing positive topography.

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