Pythium sylvaticum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Spinacea Oleracea ◽  
Pythium Sylvaticum ◽  
British Colombia ◽  
Dioscorea Batatas

Abstract A description is provided for Pythium sylvaticum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASES: Seedling damping-off. HOSTS: Apium graveolens, Daucus carota (Apiaceae); Dieffenbachia sp. (Araceae); Lactuca sativa (Asteraceae); Brassica campestris subsp. pekinensis, B. oleracea (Brassicaceae); Beta vulgaris, Spinacea oleracea (Chenopodiaceae); Cucumis sativus (Cucurbitaceae); Chamaecyparis sp., Juniperus conferta (Cupressaceae); Dioscorea batatas (Dioscoreaceae); Rhododendron sp. (Ericaceae); Glycine max, Lens culinaris, Medicago sativa, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum (Fabaceae); Pelargonium cv. (Geraniaceae); Allium cepa, Tulipa cv. (Liliaceae s.l.) Abies sp., Pinus thunbergii (Pinaceae); Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum (Poaceae); Fragaria × ananassa, Malus domestica, Sorbus aria (Rosaceae); Capsicum annuum (Solanaceae); Valerianella locusta (Valerianaceae). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Kenya, South Africa. NORTH AMERICA: Canada (British Colombia), USA (Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, New York, Tennessee, Washington, Wisconsin). CENTRAL AMERICA: Costa Rica. ASIA: Japan. AUSTRALASIA: New Zealand. EUROPE: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Great Britain, Ireland, Netherlands, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden. TRANSMISSION: Contaminated soil, organic matter (oospores) and water (sporangia).

Pythium heterothallicum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Malus Pumila ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Spinacea Oleracea

Abstract A description is provided for Pythium heterothallicum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASES: Seedling damping-off. HOSTS: Sambucus sp. (Caprifoliaceae); Spinacea oleracea (Chenopodiaceae); Lens culinaris (Fabaceae); Pelargonium cv. (Geraniaceae); Triticum aestivum (Poaceae); Malus domestica[Malus pumila] (Rosaceae). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Kenya. NORTH AMERICA: Canada, USA (Idaho, Washington). CENTRAL AMERICA: Costa Rica. AUSTRALASIA: New Zealand. EUROPE: Czech Republic, Germany, Great Britain, Netherlands, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden. TRANSMISSION: Contaminated soil, organic matter (oospores) and water (sporangia).

Ramularia armoraciae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. David
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Far East ◽  
Alliaria Petiolata ◽  
Raphanus Raphanistrum ◽  
Armoracia Rusticana ◽  
British Colombia ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Ramularia armoraciae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Pale leaf spot of horseradish (Armoracia rusticana). HOSTS: Alliaria petiolata, Arabis sp., Armoracia rusticana (= A. lapathifolia; Cochlearia armoracia[Armoracia rusticana]; Nasturtium armoracia; Rorippa armoracia), Barbarea orthoceras, B. praecox, B. vulgaris, Brassica vulgaris, B. stricta, B. elongata, B. nigra, B. rapa, Bunias orientalis, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Cochlearia officinalis, Farsetia sp., Hesperis matronalis, H. sibirica, H. tristis, Raphanus raphanistrum, Rorippa palustris, Thlaspi sp. (Brassicaceae). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Kenya. NORTH AMERICA: Canada (Alberta, British Colombia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan), USA (Alaska, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, Maine, Michigan, Missouri, Mississippi, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming). ASIA: Afghanistan, Armenia, Republic of Georgia, India (Jammu & Kashmir), Japan (www.nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases), Kabardino-Balkaria, Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Russia (Far East; Siberia), South Korea (SHIN & BRAUN, 1996), Turkey [= Asia Minor]. EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Great Britain, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovak Republic (www.nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases), Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia. TRANSMISSION: By wind and rain-splash dispersal of conidia. The fungus overwinters as sclerotia in the dead leaves or in leaf material that falls from the leaves resulting in shot-holes. The sclerotia produce new conidiophores and conidia in the spring (CHUPP & SHERF, 1960; DRING, 1961).

Pythium coloratum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Zantedeschia Aethiopica ◽  
Cavity Spot ◽  
Pythium Coloratum

Abstract A description is provided for Pythium coloratum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASES: Carrot cavity-spot, seedling damping-off. HOSTS: Apium graveolens, Daucus carota (Apiaceae); Zantedeschia aethiopica (Araceae); Lactuca sativa (Asteraceae); Brassica oleracea (Brassicaeae); Beta vulgaris (Chenopodiaceae); Cucumis sativus (Cucurbitaceae); Persea americana (Lauraceae); Allium cepa (Liliaceae s.l.); Pinus radiata (Pinaceae); Lycopersicon esculentum (Solanaceae). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NORTH AMERICA: Canada (British Columbia, Ontario), USA (New York). ASIA: Iran, Taiwan. AUSTRALASIA: Australia (South Australia, Western Australia), New Zealand. EUROPE: Great Britain. TRANSMISSION: Contaminated soil, organic matter (oospores) and water (sporangia).

Leptosphaeria purpurea. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-yu Chen
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Leptosphaeria purpurea. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Although the fungus appears on dry stems of its hosts, which are mainly herbaceous, it is not known to cause any pathological symptoms. HOSTS: Artemisia, Betonica, Carduus, Cirsium, Cnicus, Clinopodium, Helianthus, Satureja and Senecio. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NORTH AMERICA: Canada (Quebec, Ontario), USA (New York). ASIA: Pakistan. EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Slovak Republic, Sweden. TRANSMISSION: Conidia and ascospores are dispersed by wind and rain-splash; the fungus presumably overwinters on dead host tissue and the ascospores are dispersed in the next favourable season.

Pseudomonas cichorii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Gerbera Jamesonii ◽  
Pseudomonas Cichorii ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Natural Hosts

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudomonas cichorii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Naturally infects the following: Araceae: Scindapsus sp. (46, 3116); Compositae: Chrysanthemum morifolium, Chrysanthemum sp. (40: 473; 51, 3694j), Cichorium intybus, C. endivia (5: 275; 42: 236), Gerbera jamesonii (53, 580), Lactuca sativa (50, 1025); Cruciferae: Brassica oleracea (cabbage and cauliflower: 35: 859; 51, 2027); Papaveraceae: Papaver rhoeas, P. orientale (50, 3853); Rubiaceae: Coffea arabica (55, 4727); Solanaceae: Lycopersicon escutentum (53, 4375), Nicotiana tabacum (40: 75), Solanum melongena (57, 5808); Umbelliferae: Apium graveolens (44, 2940). In addition to these natural hosts a large number of plants from various families have been successfully infected by artificial inoculation. DISEASE: Leaf spot symptoms start as small watersoaked spots, which enlarge and rapidly become dark brown to blackish. The disease is frequently systemic and produces a rot of the centre leaves in chicory, and long dark brown streaks on the stems of tomatoes. Vascular darkening is also seen in tomato (53, 4375). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: The known distribution is widespread but rather scattered. It is probably present in many more countries than those reported, which include the following: Tanzania (as P. papaveris, 35: 188); India (58, 2991); Japan (57, 5808); Taiwan (14: 738); New Zealand (53, 4375); Bulgaria (45, 929); France (51, 2027); Germany (14: 418); Italy (50, 1025); England; USA (Montana, Illinois, Florida, Georgia, New York); Barbados; Brazil (40: 75). TRANSMISSION: Mainly by water splash. It is rapid under warm, wet conditions. Seed transmission occurs in lettuce (45, 929).

Leptosphaeria doliolum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-yu Chen
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Far East ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
East Siberia ◽  
British Colombia ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Leptosphaeria doliolum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Although the fungus appears on dry stems of its hosts, which are mainly herbaceous, it is not known to cause any pathological symptoms. HOSTS: Plurivorous; recorded hosts include: Achillea, Ambrosia, Anaphalis, Angelica, Apocynum, Aralia, Arctium, Asclepias, Asparagus, Aster, Bauhinia, Brassica, Clematis, Cirsium, Curcuma, Daucus, Erigeron, Eupatorium, Ficus, Foeniculum, Helianthus, Heracleum, Hieracium, Lactuca, Lathyrus, Lavandula, Pastinaca, Phytolacca, Poa, Polymnia, Potentilla, Rubus, Salvia, Senecio, Smilax, Solanum, Solidago, Sonchus, Spiraea, Thymus, Urtica and Vernonia. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Sierra Leone. NORTH AMERICA: Canada (Alberta, British Colombia, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec), USA (Illinois, Michigan, Missouri, New York, North Dakota, Tennessee, Washington). ASIA: Armenia, Bhutan, Brunei, China (Hunan, Yunnan), India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Pakistan, Russia (Far East, Siberia), Taiwan (CHEN & HSIEH, 1994), Uzbekistan. AUSTRALASIA: Australia. EUROPE: Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark (Faeroe Islands), Estonia, France, Finland, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia (European), Spain, Sweden, Switzerland. TRANSMISSION: Conidia and ascospores are dispersed by wind and rain-splash; the fungus presumably overwinters on dead host tissue and the ascospores are dispersed in the next favourable season.

Acremonium apii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michèle A. J. Williams
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Plant Debris

Abstract A description is provided for Acremonium apii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Apium graveolens. DISEASE: Brown spot of celery. The fungus causes brown lesions most noticeable on the petiole. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe: British Isles; North America: Canada, USA (Colorado, Connecticut, New York). TRANSMISSION: Probably from plant debris (39, 207).

Aphanomyces cladogamus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Spinacea Oleracea ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Viola Tricolor

Abstract A description is provided for Aphanomyces cladogamus. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Capsicum sp., Lactuca saliva, Linum sp., Lycopersicon esculenteum, Raphanus sativus, Solanum melongena, Spinacea oleracea, Viola tricolor. DISEASE: Root rot of pepper, spinach, pansy, tomato and several other crop and garden plants. The fungus, a facultatively necrotrophic plant pathogen, attacks seeds (pre-emergence disease) and/or seedlings (post-emergence damping off). Affected plants develop a generalized wilt which becomes progressively more severe. In pepper, seeds are attacked and black lesions develop on hypocotyls of the surviving seedlings, often extending to the bases of the cotyledons (32, 360). In spinach, roots become covered in yellow to orange spots their tissues becoming soft and water-soaked. In pansies, the vascular cylinder develops a deep orange-reddish discoloration in which, in the early stages of infection, numerous oospores can be seen. Stem bases become extensively rotted and eventually the aerial organs collapse and shrivel (13, 379; 34, 370). In tomato plants, rootlet tips become discoloured and die back (6, 517). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe: Sweden. North America: Canada (Ontario), USA (MD, NC, NJ, VA, WA, WI). See CMI Distribution Maps of Plants Diseases 601. TRANSMISSION: Not reported. Presumably by zoospores and oogonia remaining in infected tissues. As the fungus appears to infect a wide range of plants, it may persist in the roots of weeds.

Ascodichaena rugosa. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Quercus Ilex ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Nothofagus Pumilio ◽  
Dead Twig

Abstract A description is provided for Ascodichaena rugosa. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Although generally not regarded as pathogenic, there are some indications that Ascodichaena rugosa can act as a parasite. An ultrastructural study (using German material on beech) showed that hyphae of the fungus were distributed solely in phellem cells; cell-to-cell invasion was effected by penetration hyphae, causing no extensive dissolution of the cork wall; finger-like hyphae in the most recently formed layer of cork cells were interpreted as haustoria, suggesting a parasitic relationship; areas of bark infected by the fungus showed increased production of cork cells (BUTIN & PARAMESWARAN, 1980). On oak, the fungus colonizes cork cells and parasitizes the last separated phellem cells by forming finger-like haustoria. A full description of this disease and symptoms was provided by BUTIN (1981a). HOSTS: Acer pseudoplatanus (bark), Carpinus betulus (bark), Castanea sativa (twig), Fagus grandifolia (bark), F. crenata (branch), F. orientalis, F. sylvatica (bark, branch, dead attached twig, dead fallen twig, living bark, living twig, root, trunk, wood), F. sp. (bark), Nothofagus pumilio (twig), Quercus ilex (bark), Q. petraea (bark, dead attached twig, dead fallen bark, dead fallen twig, dead twig, living twig), Q. pubescens (twig), Q. robur (bark, dead attached twig, dead fallen twig, living twig), Q. sessilis (dead attached twig), Q. suber (twig), Quercus sp. (attached wood, bark, branch, dead attached twig, dead fallen twig, living twig, trunk, twig). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: ASIA: Pakistan, Japan. NORTH AMERICA: Canada (Ontario, Québec), USA (Kansas, Maine, New Hampshire, New York). SOUTH AMERICA: Chile. EUROPE: Austria, Finland, France, Republic of Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Poland, Slovak Republic, Sweden, Ukraine. TRANSMISSION: By snails, which graze the stromata, and excrete viable spores (BUTIN, 198la).

Pythium dissotocum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Hydrilla Verticillata ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Parthenium Argentatum ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Spinacea Oleracea ◽  
Pythium Dissotocum ◽  
Pilea Pumila

Abstract A description is provided for Pythium dissotocum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASES: Root-rot, seedling damping-off; necrotrophic or parasitic on fishes. HOSTS: Daucus carota (Apiaceae); Lactuca sativa, Parthenium argentatum (Asteraceae); Beta vulgaris, Spinacea oleracea (Chenopodiaceae); Cucumis sativus (Cucurbitaceae); Kummerowia stipulacea, Lupinus digitatus, L. polyphyllus, Medicago sativa, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, Vicia faba (Fabaceae); Pelargonium cv. (Geraniaceae); Hydrilla verticillata (Hydrocharitaceae); Iris sp. (Iridaceae); Garya illinoensis (Juglandaceae); Hyacinthus cv., Tulipa cv. (Liliaceae s.l.); Papaver somniferum (Papaveraceae); Oryza sativa, Saccharum officinarum, Triticum aestivum (Poaceae); Fragaria × ananassa, F. vesca, Prunus persica (Rosaceae); Citrus nobilis (Rutaceae); Capsicum annuum, Lycopersicon esculentum (Solanaceae); Pilea pumila (Urticaceae). Neogobius fluviatilis, Neogobius gymnotrachelus, Perccottus glenii, Pseudorasbora parva (Pisces). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: South Africa. NORTH AMERICA: Canada, USA (Arizona, Colorado, Louisiana, Missouri, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin). ASIA: China, India, Indonesia (Sabah), Japan, Korea, Lebanon, Russia. AUSTRALASIA: Australia (Queensland). EUROPE: Great Britain, Iceland, Netherlands. TRANSMISSION: Contaminated soil, organic matter (oospores) and water (sporangia).

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