Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Saddler
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Zizania Latifolia ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Zizania Aquatica ◽  
Weed Hosts

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Oryza sativa, Oryza spp. ; Brachiaria mutica, Cenchrus ciliaris, Cyperus difformis, C. rotundus, Cynodon dactylon, Echinochloa crus-galli, Leersia hexandra, L. oryzoides, Leptochloa chinensis, Panicum maximum, Paspalum scrobiculatum, Zizania aquatica, Zizania latifolia, Z. palustris and Zoysia japonica (Poaceae); by artificial inoculation: Leptochloa filiformis and L. panacea (Poaceae). DISEASE: Bacterial blight of rice and kresek disease. Symptoms appear on leaves of young plants, after planting out, as pale green to grey-green, water-soaked streaks near the leaf tip and margins. These lesions coalesce and become yellowish-white with wavy edges. The whole leaf may eventually be affected, becoming whitish or greyish and then dying. Leaf sheaths and culms of more susceptible cultivars may be attacked. Systemic infection, known as kresek, results in wilting, desiccation of leaves and death, particularly of young transplanted plants. Kresek is associated with tropical storms which spread the pathogen and also wound rice plants. High temperature (c. 30°C) and humidity favour the disease. The bacterium invades rice plants through hydathodes on leaves, root-growth cracks and wounds. When inside the plant, the bacterium enters the vascular system, in which it spreads. Bacteria eventually ooze out of water pores on hydathodes. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Gabon, Madagascar, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo. NORTH AMERICA: USA (Louisiana, Texas). CENTRAL AMERICA: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama. SOUTH AMERICA: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela. ASIA: Bangladesh, Cambodia, China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), India (Andaman & Nicobar Is, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Indian Punjab, Jammu-Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal), Indonesia (Java, Sulawesi, Sumatra), Japan (Honshu, Kyushu), North Korea, South Korea, Laos, Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak), Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam. AUSTRALASIA: Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland). EUROPE: Russian Federation, Ukraine. TRANSMISSION: Seedborne. The pathogen can be found in the parenchyma, but rarely in the vascular tissues, of husk, embryo and endosperm. It is spread locally by wind and rain and also by flood and irrigation waters from volunteer rice plants, straw and weed hosts. Overwintering may occur on volunteers, or in the rhizospheres of weed hosts, in stored infected straw and in seed. Survival and transmission from soil or plant debris is considered unlikely.

Xanthomonas oryzae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Zizania Latifolia ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Zizania Aquatica ◽  
Weed Hosts

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas oryzae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Oryza sativa. Natural infection of Leersia oryzaides, Leersia oryzaides var. japonica and Zizania latifolia[Zizania aquatica] is known (Mizukami & Wakimoto, 1959). Natural infection of Cyperus rotundus and C. difformis was reported in India (48, 460), but inoculation of these hosts in the Philippines failed (48, 1689). By inoculation many wild species of Oryza (45, 1789), Leptochloa filiformis (48, 1689), L. chinensis, L. panacea and Zizania aquatica (48, 1683) have all been found susceptible. DISEASE: Bacterial blight of rice and kresek disease of rice. Blight most commonly appears on leaves of young plants, after planting out, as water-soaked stripes at the margins. These enlarge and coalesce to give the characteristic yellowish lesions with wavy edges that occur mainly along the margins of the upper parts of the leaves. These lesions may later expand to cover much of the leaf, which turns whitish or greyish and dies. Leaf sheaths of the more susceptible varieties may be affected. Kresek, which occurs in tropical regions, is a strong systemic infection in which leaves or whole young plants wither and die. In older plants the leaves become pale yellow. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Limited to Asia (CMI Map 304, ed. 2, 1964). Occurrences not shown on this map include Korea, Taiwan and Indonesia (Mizukami & Wakimoto, 1969). TRANSMISSION: Spread locally by wind and rain and also by flood and irrigation waters; gains entry to the field in infected planting material, to the nursery in seed, and to both nursery and field from volunteer rice plants and weed hosts usually via the irrigation water. Overwintering may occur on volunteers, on or in the rhizospheres of weed hosts, in stored infected straw and in seed, but it is unlikely in soil and plant debris exposed to the weather, at least under Japanese conditions (Mizukami & Wakimoto, 1969). Infection is through hydathodes and wounds. Penetration through stomata results in a build-up of bacteria in the intercellular spaces, but it is not until they have been exuded on to the leaf surface and re-admitted through the hydathodes and thence into the vascular system, that symptoms of the disease appear (46, 2720).

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Saddler
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Streak ◽  
Surface Moisture ◽  
Zizania Aquatica ◽  
Late Stages ◽  
Insect Attack

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Oryza sativa, Oryza spp. ; Leersia spp., Leptochloa filiformis, Paspalum orbiculare, Zizania aquatica, Z. palustris and Zoysia japonica (Poaceae). DISEASE: Bacterial leaf streak of rice. The bacterium enters leaves through stomata and wounds (particularly those from insect attack) and multiplies in the sub-stomatal cavity and intercellular spaces in the parenchyma. Eventually, parenchyma is replaced by bacterial masses. Narrow, dark greenish, water-soaked streaks of various lengths appear between the veins. Minute amber droplets of bacterial exudate are commonly found on these lesions. Later the lesions extend and coalesce, giving large brownish patches. There are no records of symptoms on infected seeds. In the late stages symptoms are difficult to distinguish from bacterial leaf blight, lesion margins remaining linear rather than wavy as for the latter. Infection is favoured in rainy conditions or during periods of high humidity. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Madagascar, Nigeria, Senegal. ASIA: Bangladesh, Cambodia, China (Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Hunan, Taiwan, Zhejiang), India (Bihar, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal), Indonesia (Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Sumatra), Laos, Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak), Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam. AUSTRALASIA: Australia (Northern Territory). EUROPE: Russian Federation. TRANSMISSION: Seedborne. There is some evidence of survival on crop debris and in association with weeds. The pathogen spreads within a crop in surface moisture, irrigation water, rain, etc. There is some evidence that the disease cycle can be broken by sowing summer seed in the winter season as it is thought the pathogen cannot become established during the cool, dry, winter weather (RAO, 1987).

Ustilago esculenta. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Wild Rice ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Zizania Latifolia ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
Zizania Aquatica ◽  
Stem Gall ◽  
Ustilago Esculenta ◽  
North Vietnam

Abstract A description is provided for Ustilago esculenta. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Zizania latifolia[Zizania aquatica] (including Z. caduciflora). DISEASE: Stem gall smut of Manchurian wild rice. The first three to four nodes beneath the apical growing point of infected culms become enlarged and the culms fail to flower. The young galls, prior to the development of ustilospores, are used as a vegetable (Gau sun, kah-peh-sung or water shoot). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia: China, India (Manipur), Hong Kong, Japan, North Vietnam, Taiwan, USSR (Novosibirsk region). Recorded once in USA in glasshouses, but not established in native wild rice. (IMI Distribution Map 628, 1991). TRANSMISSION: Ustilospores are disseminated by wind and water. The smut is systemic and can be transmitted by vegetative propagation of infected plants. Transmission by inoculation of cuttings with suspensions of ustilospores or of sporidia from culture has been demonstrated.

Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Zizania Latifolia ◽  
Zizania Aquatica ◽  
Rhizoctonia Oryzae

Abstract A description is provided for Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Oryza sativa; has been found on O. cubensis, Juncellus serotinus and Zizania latifolia[Zizania aquatica]. DISEASE: Lesions with pale centres and distinct brown margins develop on sheaths. They are usually small (0.5-1 cm) but several may occur together. Attack on culms results in browning, lodging and death. Can also infect roots. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: China, Japan; Malaya, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Vietnam. TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne. Is capable of overwintering in soil as sclerotia or mycelium; also in stubble and other crop residues (11, 801).

Aceria cajani. [Distribution map].

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Aceria cajani Channabasavanna. Acari: Eriophyidae. Host: pigeon peas (Cajanus cajan). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (Bangladesh, China, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan, India, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Thailand).

Uromyces decoratus. [Distribution map].

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Sunn Hemp ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Uromyces decoratus H. Sydow & Sydow. Hosts: Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Asia, China, Yunnan, India, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Japan, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, South America, Venezuela.

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis. [Distribution map].

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
North America ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. ex Fr. f. sp. melonis Snyder & Hansen. Hosts: Muskmelon (Cucumis melo). Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Morocco, Rhodesia, ASIA, India (Tamil Nadu), Iraq, Israel, Japan, Korea, Lebanon, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, USSR (Armenia), AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, Australia (Queensland), EUROPE, Belgium, Britain, France, Germany, Greece, Netherlands, USSR (Moldavia), NORTH AMERICA, Canada, USA (general).

Ustilago shiraiana. [Distribution map].

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Ustilago shiraiana Hennings. Hosts: Phyllostachys, Sasa and other bamboos. Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, China, Jiangxi (Kiangsi), Jiangsu (Kiangsu), Fujian (Fukien), Henan, Jiangxi (Kiangsi), India, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Japan, Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, USSR (Iturup), NORTH AMERICA, USA, CA, Florida, Louisiana, MS, Maryland, Texas, MS, FL.

Rice grassy stunt tenuivirus. [Distribution map].

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Rice grassy stunt tenuivirus Viruses: Tenuivirus. Hosts: Rice (Oryza sativa). Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, Bangladesh, Brunei, Darussalam, China, India, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Indonesia, Java, Nusa, Tenggara, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Japan, Kyushu, Korea Republic, Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, OCEANIA, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands.

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