Monodictys castaneae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Rotten Wood

Abstract A description is provided for Monodictys castaneae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Abies, Acer, Arundinaria, Corchorus, Gossypium (roots), Quercus, Sambucus. Also from dead stems, rotten wood, damp linoleum, paper, sacking. DISEASE: None as a primary pathogen of plants; encountered as a saprobe. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia: India. Europe: Eire, France, Germany, UK. North America: USA. TRANSMISSION: Presumably via conidia dispersed by air or water, or movement of infected soil or plant debris.

Arthrinium phaeospermum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Arthrinium Phaeospermum

Abstract A description is provided for Arthrinium phaeospermum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Agropyron, Ammophila, Anona, Araucaria, Arundinaria, Arachis, Argemone, Arrhenatherum, Arundo, Bambusa, Brassica, Bromus, Calamagrostis, Carex, Cocos, Citrus, Cladium, Coelogyne, Coffea, Cortaderia, Cratueva, Dactylis, Dendrocalamus, Dioscorea, Eleusine, Elymus, Fagus, Fragaria, Glyceria, Gynerium, Hedera, Hordeum, Justicia, Lens, Liriope, Lycopersicon, Magnolia, Malus, Maranta, Musa, Nicotiana, Oryza, Panicum, Persea, Phalaris, Phaseolus, Pinus, Pisum, Phragmites, Phyllostachys, Picea, Pinus, Piper, Prunus, Psamma, Pteridium, Ranwolfia, Saccharum, Smilax, Solanum, Sorghum, Tectona, Theobroma, Trifolium, Triticum, Valeriana, Vigna, Vitis, Zea; also from air, animals (including man), soil and plant debris, straw, silage and wood. DISEASE: None as a primary pathogen of plants; frequently encountered as a secondary invader (of potato tubers) or as a saprophyte. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Algeria, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa Spain (Canary Islands), Sudan, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe. ASIA: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Hong Kong, India, Iraq, Japan, Nepal, Pakistan, Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia), Philippines, Thailand. AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA: Australia, Guadalcanal, New Zealand. EUROPE: Cyprus, Eire, Germany, Greece, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, UK. NORTH AMERICA: Canada, USA. SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina. TRANSMISSION: By unknown means.

Embellisia hyacinthi. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. David
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Skin Spot ◽  
Scilla Sibirica ◽  
Hyacinthus Orientalis

Abstract A description is provided for Embellisia hyacinthi. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Hyacinthus orientalis, Freesia refracta, Scilla sibirica, Muscari sp. DISEASE: Skin spot of bulbs. Leaf lesions also occur as spots. above which the leaves yellow and die. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe: Germany, The Netherlands, UK. North America: USA. TRANSMISSION: The fungus overwinters in the plant debris, soil and infected bulbs.

Stachybotrys parvispora. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Plant Debris

Abstract A description is provided for Stachybotrys parvispora. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Agave, Ananas, Cajanus, Coffea, Ficus, Hevea (roots), Scaphocalyx, Setaria. Also from soil. DISEASE: None as a primary pathogen of plants; frequently encountered as a secondary invader or as a saprobe. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Congo, Ghana, Sierra Leone. Asia: Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia). North America: USA. TRANSMISSION: Presumably via conidia dispersed by air or water, or movement of infected soil or plant debris.

Stachybotrys microspora. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
North America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Stachybotrys Microspora

Abstract A description is provided for Stachybotrys microspora. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Arachis, Bambusa, Barleria, Chrysanthemum, Corriandrum, Genipa, Gossypium, Guava, Helianthus, Palmae, Photinia, Ricinus, Saccharum, Triticum. Also from bark, sand, soil and wood. DISEASE: None as a primary pathogen of plants; encountered as a secondary invader or as a saprobe. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia, Namibia, Nigeria. Asia: India, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia. Europe: Denmark, Yugoslavia. Australasia & Oceania: Australia. North America: Canada. Central America & West Indies: Cuba. TRANSMISSION: Presumably via conidia dispersed by air or water, or movement of infected soil or plant debris.

Entyloma calendulae f. dahliae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Long Period

Abstract A description is provided for Entyloma calendulae f. dahliae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Dahlia variabilis, D. coccinia, D. pinnata; cultivated dahlia. DISEASE: Leaf spot of Dahlia. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widely distributed in Europe including Finland and Sweden; Africa; North America (USA); Central and South America and West Indies (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Jamaica, Venezuela); Asia (Burma, India, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Papua New Guinea); Australia and New Zealand. CMI Map 114, ed. 4, 1983. TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne. Overwinters as ustilospores buried in plant debris; not transmitted by seed or in tubers, although spread by soil attached to tubers is possible (6, 97; 17, 655; 41, 603; 49, 1050); mature ustilospores are capable of remaining viable for a long period when dry (16, 304). Conidia contribute to dissemination during the growing season (49, 1050).

Phomopsis asparagi. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Stem Tissue ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Phomopsis Asparagi ◽  
Lateral Branches

Abstract A description is provided for Phomopsis asparagi. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Asparagus officinalis, A. plumosus, A. verticillatus. DISEASE: Stem blight of Asparagus species. The first symptom is a discolouration of the stem tissue followed by the appearance of brown, elliptical lesions. As infection progresses the affected areas become shrivelled and turn into well defined spots surrounded by dark brown margins. The centre of these spots become ashy-white with numerous immersed pycnidial conidiomata which later become erumpent. As disease advances the growth of the lateral branches is frequently arrested. All parts of the plant except the berries are susceptible to infection. In severe cases needles turn yellow, the plants are partially or completely defoliated and finally wither (16, 12; 55, 2446; 67, 1628). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Ethiopia), Asia (India, China-Shanghai, Malaysia, Pakistan, Siberia, Taiwan); Europe (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Yugoslavia); North America (Eastern U.S.A., Alabama, Arkansas, New Jersey). TRANSMISSION: Through plant debris in soil (67, 4258; Kheswalla, 1936). Infection occurs rapidly through wounds. It has been found that conidia are discharged from pycnidial conidiomata by immersion in water, spraying with water and saturated high humidity. Longevity of conidial ooze was affected by spore cone., and undiluted spore ooze retained 41% germination after desiccation for 1 month (67, 4259). Survival of conidia in soil is affected by temperature and moisture. It has been reported that all conidia were destroyed after exposure to 35°C for 2 d; only 14% remained viable after 30 d at 10°C. At 28°C, conidia survived longer in dry than in wet soil. The fungus survived on infected stems buried in the soil during ploughing or in the ground for 3-4 months. On diseased stems at soil surface the pathogen survived > 6 months (67, 4258).

Septoria lepidii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Andrianova
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Former Yugoslavia ◽  
Republic Of Georgia ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Type Host ◽  
Leaf Spots

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria lepidii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Leaf mortality. Clearly-defined leaf spots are not produced. Instead the whole leaf becomes discolored, turning pale brown or fawn, with the discoloration spreading from infection sites. Conidiomata are then produced as the whole leaf dies. HOSTS: Cardaria draba, C. propinqua, C. pubescens, C. repens (syn. : Lepidium repens), Lepidium affine, L. campestre, L. heterophyllum, L. latifolium, L. officinale, L. perfoliatum, L. sativum, L. sibiricum, L. smithii, L. vesicatorium (Brassicaceae). [Type host -L. heterophyllum.] GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Republic of Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kirghizistan, Russia (West Siberia), Tadzhikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Europe: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Hungary, Moldova, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, UK, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. North America: USA. TRANSMISSION: Not reported, but almost certainly by air-borne or splash dispersed conidia, also from infected plant débris.

Scolecobasidium humicola. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Central America ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Plant Debris

Abstract A description is provided for Scolecobasidium humicola. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Borassus, Ceroplastes (on Citrus), Clerodendrum, Coccothrinax, Hevea, Mangifera, Musa, Periconia (on Thuja), Psidium, Triticum. Also from grain, paint, roots, seawater and soil. DISEASE: None as a primary pathogen of plants; encountered as a secondary invader or as a saprobe. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Nigeria. Asia: Hong Kong, India, Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia), Sri Lanka. Australasia & Oceania: Papua New Guinea. Europe: UK. North America: Canada, USA. Central America & West Indies: Cuba, Dominican Republic, Trinidad. South America: Venezuela. TRANSMISSION: Presumably via conidia dispersed by air or water, or movement of infected soil or plant debris.

Fusarium flocciferum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brayford
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Root Tuber ◽  
Cultivated Mushroom

Abstract A description is provided for Fusarium flocciferum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Isolated from soil. Also occurs on the roots of a wide range of plants, including temperate cereals (Hordeum, Triticum), legumes (Lupinus, Pisum, Vicia), cucurbits (Cucumis sativus), and others such as carrot (Daucus carota) and beet (Beta vulgaris); sometimes occurs in association with nematodes. DISEASE: Not regarded as an aggressive pathogen, but in association with nematodes may cause root lesions, damping-off, root, tuber or bulb rots. Reported to cause disorders of cultivated mushroom beds. Occasionally causes skin infections of animals (one IMI record from crocodile's tail). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread but infrequent, apparently more common in temperate regions. Reported from Asia: Bhutan, China, India, Iran, Turkey; Australasia: New Zealand; Europe: Denmark, Germany, The Netherlands, Poland, Turkey (W), UK; North America: Canada, USA. TRANSMISSION: Conidia are dispersed locally by water flow and splash droplets. Chlamydospores may be transported by movement of soil or infected plant debris. It may also be seed-borne (71, 1568).

Memnoniella echinata. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
North America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
West Indies ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Plant Debris

Abstract A description is provided for Memnoniella echinata. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Abutilon, Achyranthes, Allium, Amorphophallus, Bombax, Brassica, Calotropis, Camellia, Carica, Cassia, Corchorus, Coriandrum, Cosmos, Citrus, Datura, Dianthus, Eucalyptus, Fagus, Glycine, Gmelina, Hehanthus, Hevea, Hibiscus, Hordeum, Litchi, Lagenaria, Lawsonia, Medicago, Musa, Oryza, Pennisetum, Phlox, Pisum, Phyllanthus, Picea, Psidium, Ricinus, Sesamum, Shorea, Solanum, Solidago, Sorghum, Stachylarpheta, Stereospermum, Tetragona, Tragopogon, Trigonella, Triticum, Vanda, Verbena, Vicia, Zingiber; also from air, paper, soil and plant debris, textiles, and wood. DISEASE: None as a primary pathogen of plants; frequently encountered as a secondary invader or as a saprophyte. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Egypt, Ghana, South Africa, Zimbabwe. ASIA: Bangladesh, India, New Caledonia, Pakistan, Malaysia (Sabah), Sri Lanka. AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA: Australia, New Zealand, Solomon Islands. EUROPE: UK. NORTH AMERICA: Bermuda. CENTRAL AMERICA & WEST INDIES: Trinidad. TRANSMISSION: By unknown means.

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