Chaetoseptoriawellmanii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Vigna Sinensis ◽  
Brown Leaf Spot ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Brown Leaf

Abstract A description is provided for Chaetoseptoriawellmanii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Phaseolus vulgaris and Vigna unguiculata (=Vigna sinensis). DISEASE: Brown leaf spot of Phaseolus and Vigna. At first lesions appear as small purplish brown or chocolate spots with distinct margins. With the progress of infection spots enlarge, occasionally coalesce, turn reddish-brown and become rounded or irregular reaching up to 1 cm wide with lighter or whitish centres. Older lesions become distinct on both surfaces with distinct margins prominent on the upper surfaces with pycnidia scattered within the spots. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Central America (Guatemala, El Salvador) South America (? Colombia). TRANSMISSION: Little information exists on natural infection and how the disease spreads in the field. It is possible that conidia could be dispersed by water splash and the fungus might survive in crop debris left from previous years.

Pseudocercospora timorensis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Little
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Brown Leaf Spot ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Brown Leaf

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudocercospora timorensis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato), I. biloba, I. campanulata, I. cordofana, I. muricata, I. peltata, I. setifera.DISEASE: Leaf spot or brown leaf spot of sweet potato. Small circular lesions first form on the leaf borders and tips before spreading over the leaf surface. These leaf spots enlarge becoming brown to dark brown in colour with a verruculose surface. The larger leaf veins may delimit the spots. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: most countries; Asia: Hong-Kong, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Taiwan; Australasia: Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands; North America: West Indies (St Lucia). TRANSMISSION: Presumably by wind-borne and water-splash dispersed conidia.

Septoria vignae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Water Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria vignae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Vigna unguiculata (cowpea) (= V. sinensis); also on V. lanceolata. DISEASE: Leaf spots of cowpea. The visible symptoms are chocolate brown to rust brown spots, paler below with pale or whitish centres. The spots are amphigenous but more prominent on the upper side of the leaf, usually rounded or irregular, up to 6 mm wide, occasionally coalescing to form larger spots with well defined margins. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Botswana, Kenya, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe); Asia (India, Hong Kong); Australasia and Oceania (Australia, Queensland, New South Wales); South America (Brazil, Bahia). TRANSMISSION: No specific studies reported; presumably by conidia dispersed by water splash. The fungus might overwinter on crop debris left in the field.

Mycosphaerella henningsii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Little
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Lower Leaf Surface ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Brown Leaf Spot ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Brown Leaf ◽  
Leaf Veins ◽  
Severe Infections

Abstract A description is provided for Mycosphaerella henningsii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Manihot esculenta (cassava, manioc), M. glaziovii (manicoba, ceara rubber), M. palmata and, under laboratory conditions, Ipomoea sp. (36: 82). DISEASE: Brown leaf spot, sometimes referred to as leaf blight of cassava. At first the lesions start as small circular greenish yellow spots. These enlarge and become angular as they are delimited by the major leaf veins; on the upper leaf surface the spots are tan to light tan, 1-8 mm diam. with a dark brown slightly raised border. Minor leaf veins crossing the leaf spot are seen as black necrotic lines. In severe infections the leaf spots are surrounded by a yellow halo caused by a toxin produced by the advancing mycelium (Teri et al., 1977). On the lower leaf surface the spots are less distinct. Eventually the lesions may coalesce, and cause premature defoliation. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Generally found wherever cassava is cultivated (Teri, 1977). Africa: most countries; Asia: Jordan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand; North America: Dominican Republic, USA (Florida); South America: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela. TRANSMISSION: Probably by wind-borne and water-splash dispersed conidia. During the dry season the fungus survives on the crop debris.

Mycosphaerella caricae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Water Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Mycosphaerella caricae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Carica papaya. DISEASE: Fruit rot, leaf spot and stem rot of pawpaw. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Nigeria, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Asia: Burma, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand. Australasia & Oceania: Australia, USA (Hawaii), Papua New Guinea, West Irian. Central America & West Indies: Cuba, Honduras, Mexico. South America: Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador. TRANSMISSION: Presumably by windborne ascospores and conidia, by water splash and contact through natural wounds.

Septoria chrysanthemella. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Chrysanthemum Indicum ◽  
Previous Season ◽  
Brown Leaf Spot ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Brown Leaf ◽  
Black Leaf Spot

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria chrysanthemella. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Chrysanthemum indicum, C. japonicum, C. morifolium, C. parthenium. Also by inoculation on C. azaleanum, C. koreanum, C. leueanthemum, C. segetum, C. roseum, Tagetes patula, Centaurea cyanus (Punithalingam & Wheeler, 1965; Schneider, 1959). DISEASE: Formerly known as brown leaf spot or blight (Halsted, 1891; Cavara, 1892; Salmon, 1907; Moore, 1959) but now referred to as the black leaf spot of chrysanthemum (Hemmi & Nakamura 1927; Waddel & Weber, 1963) in order to distinguish the symptoms from those produced by Septoria obesa (CMI Descript. 139). The first visible leaf symptom is a small discrete necrotic spot. This gradually develops into a circular or elliptical spot seldom irregular, about 5-10 mm wide, at first dark brown, then turning black. Leaf spots of a purple to brown colour, with a distinct brown margin are not uncommon. The disease appears in susceptible chrysanthemum plants of all ages, first on the lower leaves and then gradually progressing upwards. This is a disfiguring disease and in a severe attack all leaves wither resulting in premature defoliation. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique); Asia (China, Formosa, Japan, Pakistan, Philippines); Australasia (Australia, New Zealand); Europe (Austria, Azores, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Iceland, Italy, Norway, Portugal, Rumania, Spain, Yugoslavia, U.S.S.R.); North America (Canada, U.S.A.), Central America (Costa Rica, Cuba). (Literature; Herb. IMI). TRANSMISSION: Dimock & Allyn (24: 192) suggested the pathogen may survive the winter in the soil in infected debris from the previous season. The fungus may be disseminated by water splash or by mechanical means as with S. obesa.

Phomopsis folliculicola. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
West Indies ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Flower Stalk ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Main Host

Abstract A description is provided for Phomopsis folliculicola. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Theobroma cacao (cocoa) (main host), Guazuma grandiflora (=Theobroma grandiflora) and Trochetia boutoniana (Sterculiaceae). DISEASE: Associated with rotting pod, flower stalk, bark, stem and witches broom condition of cocoa. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Ghana, Malawi, Mauritius, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda); Asia (India, Malaysia, Sabah); Australasia & Oceania (Papua New Guinea, Solomon Is.) South America (Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador); Central America & West Indies (Cuba, Dominica, Granada, Jamaica, St. Lucia). TRANSMISSION: Probably by conidia dispersed by water splash during wet and humid conditions.

Scutellonema bradys. [Distribution map].

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Trinidad And Tobago ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Scutellonema bradys (Steiner & LeHew) Andrássy Nematoda: Tylenchida: Hoplolaimidae Hosts: Yams (Dioscorea spp.), also cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and other crops as secondary hosts. Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, India, Kerala, Korea Republic, Pakistan, AFRICA, Cameroon, Cote d'Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Nigeria, Senegal, Togo, NORTH AMERICA, USA, Arkansas, Florida, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Barbados, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, SOUTH AMERICA, Brazil, Alagoas, Paraiba, Pernambuco, Venezuela.

Cercospora cruenta. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Mulder
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Phaseolus Aureus ◽  
Vigna Sinensis ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Brown Leaf ◽  
Stem Lesions

Abstract A description is provided for Cercospora cruenta[Mycosphaerella cruenta]. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Vigna sinensis[Vigna unguiculata] and V. unguiculata; also on Calopogonium, Lablab niger, Phaseolus spp. and Stizolobium deeringianum[Mucuna pruriens]. DISEASE: Leaf spot of cowpea. On Phaseolus aureus[Vigna radiata] the leaf spots are more or less circular, purplish-red and mostly with light grey centres, usually 3-4 mm diam. ; large, irregular necrotic patches, limited by the veins, are formed, pods are destroyed, purplish stem lesions are up to 4 cm long (4, 75). On Vigna sinensis[Vigna unguiculata] the reddish-brown leaf spots (becoming necrotic) can be 1 cm diam., outline irregular, there may be coalescence of the spots and leaflets wither (14, 280; 42, 168). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in warmer regions. TRANSMISSION: No studies reported.

Puccinia evadens. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Water Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Puccinia evadens. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On species of Baccharis: B. articulata, B. consanguinea, B. dracunculoides, B. floribunda, B. halimifolia, B. pilularis, B. platypoda, B. rosmarinifolia, B. salicina, B. sarothroides, B. thesioides. DISEASE: Rust of Baccharis species. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: North America, Southern USA, particularly California southward to New Mexico and Virginia to Florida; Central America (Mexico) and West Indies; South America. TRANSMISSION: No detailed studies have been made; presumably spores are disseminated by air currents and water splash.

Phomopsis ipomoeae-batatas. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Water Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Phomopsis ipomoeae-batatas. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato). DISEASE: Leaf blight or leaf spot of sweet potato (3, 679; 10, 268). On mature leaves the early visible symptoms are distinct, minute, lesions with a purplish brown margin. As infection progresses the spots enlarge forming nearly circular to angular, dry, greyish-brown spots, 5-10 mm wide with a paler centre and a purplish-brown border. Usually the necrotic lesions are more prominent on the upper surface of the leaf and as the lesions become older pycnidia become evident embedded within the infected tissue. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Edliopia, Ghana, Guinea, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe); Asia (Hong Kong, Japan); Australasia & Oceania (Hawaii, Papua New Guinea); Europe; North America (USA, Alabama, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, New Jersey, Texas, and less commonly in the Northern sweet potato growing areas); Central America and Caribbean (Bermuda, Cuba, Jamaica, St. Vincent); South America (Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela). TRANSMISSION: The fungus overwinters on dead leaves in the field and it is probable that conidia are disseminated by water splash or contact (Steinbauer & Kushman, 1971).

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