Cercospora cruenta. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Mulder
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Phaseolus Aureus ◽  
Vigna Sinensis ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Brown Leaf ◽  
Stem Lesions

Abstract A description is provided for Cercospora cruenta[Mycosphaerella cruenta]. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Vigna sinensis[Vigna unguiculata] and V. unguiculata; also on Calopogonium, Lablab niger, Phaseolus spp. and Stizolobium deeringianum[Mucuna pruriens]. DISEASE: Leaf spot of cowpea. On Phaseolus aureus[Vigna radiata] the leaf spots are more or less circular, purplish-red and mostly with light grey centres, usually 3-4 mm diam. ; large, irregular necrotic patches, limited by the veins, are formed, pods are destroyed, purplish stem lesions are up to 4 cm long (4, 75). On Vigna sinensis[Vigna unguiculata] the reddish-brown leaf spots (becoming necrotic) can be 1 cm diam., outline irregular, there may be coalescence of the spots and leaflets wither (14, 280; 42, 168). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in warmer regions. TRANSMISSION: No studies reported.

Pseudocercospora timorensis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Little
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Brown Leaf Spot ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Brown Leaf

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudocercospora timorensis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato), I. biloba, I. campanulata, I. cordofana, I. muricata, I. peltata, I. setifera.DISEASE: Leaf spot or brown leaf spot of sweet potato. Small circular lesions first form on the leaf borders and tips before spreading over the leaf surface. These leaf spots enlarge becoming brown to dark brown in colour with a verruculose surface. The larger leaf veins may delimit the spots. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: most countries; Asia: Hong-Kong, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Taiwan; Australasia: Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands; North America: West Indies (St Lucia). TRANSMISSION: Presumably by wind-borne and water-splash dispersed conidia.

Mycosphaerella henningsii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Little
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Lower Leaf Surface ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Brown Leaf Spot ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Brown Leaf ◽  
Leaf Veins ◽  
Severe Infections

Abstract A description is provided for Mycosphaerella henningsii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Manihot esculenta (cassava, manioc), M. glaziovii (manicoba, ceara rubber), M. palmata and, under laboratory conditions, Ipomoea sp. (36: 82). DISEASE: Brown leaf spot, sometimes referred to as leaf blight of cassava. At first the lesions start as small circular greenish yellow spots. These enlarge and become angular as they are delimited by the major leaf veins; on the upper leaf surface the spots are tan to light tan, 1-8 mm diam. with a dark brown slightly raised border. Minor leaf veins crossing the leaf spot are seen as black necrotic lines. In severe infections the leaf spots are surrounded by a yellow halo caused by a toxin produced by the advancing mycelium (Teri et al., 1977). On the lower leaf surface the spots are less distinct. Eventually the lesions may coalesce, and cause premature defoliation. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Generally found wherever cassava is cultivated (Teri, 1977). Africa: most countries; Asia: Jordan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand; North America: Dominican Republic, USA (Florida); South America: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela. TRANSMISSION: Probably by wind-borne and water-splash dispersed conidia. During the dry season the fungus survives on the crop debris.

Chaetoseptoriawellmanii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Vigna Sinensis ◽  
Brown Leaf Spot ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Brown Leaf

Abstract A description is provided for Chaetoseptoriawellmanii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Phaseolus vulgaris and Vigna unguiculata (=Vigna sinensis). DISEASE: Brown leaf spot of Phaseolus and Vigna. At first lesions appear as small purplish brown or chocolate spots with distinct margins. With the progress of infection spots enlarge, occasionally coalesce, turn reddish-brown and become rounded or irregular reaching up to 1 cm wide with lighter or whitish centres. Older lesions become distinct on both surfaces with distinct margins prominent on the upper surfaces with pycnidia scattered within the spots. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Central America (Guatemala, El Salvador) South America (? Colombia). TRANSMISSION: Little information exists on natural infection and how the disease spreads in the field. It is possible that conidia could be dispersed by water splash and the fungus might survive in crop debris left from previous years.

Cercospora malayensis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Little
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Brown Leaf Spot ◽  
Brown Leaf ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Cercospora malayensis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Hibiscus abelmoschus (musk mallow), H. cannabinus (deccan hemp), H. esculentus (okra), H. fisculatus, H. mutabilis, H. sabdariffa, H. suranensis, Euphorbia pulcherrima, Sphaeralcea cisplaniina. DISEASE: Leaf spot or brown leaf spot of Hibiscus spp. The first symptoms are yellowish patches on the leaf surface. These then become necrotic and gradually expand into irregular greyish brown leaf spots with dark brown to purple borders, surrounded by a pale yellow halo. Ultimately the necrotic areas become shrivelled and crack (30, 445). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: The fungus is found wherever Hibiscus is cultivated (Chupp & Sherf, 1960). Africa: Ethiopia, Ghana, Mauritius, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe; Asia: Borneo, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines; Australasia: Fiji, Papua New Guinea; North America: West Indies (Jamaica, Trinidad, Cuba); South America: Colombia, Venezuela. TRANSMISSION: Presumably by wind-borne and rain-splash dispersed conidia.

Septoria chrysanthemella. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Chrysanthemum Indicum ◽  
Previous Season ◽  
Brown Leaf Spot ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Brown Leaf ◽  
Black Leaf Spot

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria chrysanthemella. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Chrysanthemum indicum, C. japonicum, C. morifolium, C. parthenium. Also by inoculation on C. azaleanum, C. koreanum, C. leueanthemum, C. segetum, C. roseum, Tagetes patula, Centaurea cyanus (Punithalingam & Wheeler, 1965; Schneider, 1959). DISEASE: Formerly known as brown leaf spot or blight (Halsted, 1891; Cavara, 1892; Salmon, 1907; Moore, 1959) but now referred to as the black leaf spot of chrysanthemum (Hemmi & Nakamura 1927; Waddel & Weber, 1963) in order to distinguish the symptoms from those produced by Septoria obesa (CMI Descript. 139). The first visible leaf symptom is a small discrete necrotic spot. This gradually develops into a circular or elliptical spot seldom irregular, about 5-10 mm wide, at first dark brown, then turning black. Leaf spots of a purple to brown colour, with a distinct brown margin are not uncommon. The disease appears in susceptible chrysanthemum plants of all ages, first on the lower leaves and then gradually progressing upwards. This is a disfiguring disease and in a severe attack all leaves wither resulting in premature defoliation. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique); Asia (China, Formosa, Japan, Pakistan, Philippines); Australasia (Australia, New Zealand); Europe (Austria, Azores, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Iceland, Italy, Norway, Portugal, Rumania, Spain, Yugoslavia, U.S.S.R.); North America (Canada, U.S.A.), Central America (Costa Rica, Cuba). (Literature; Herb. IMI). TRANSMISSION: Dimock & Allyn (24: 192) suggested the pathogen may survive the winter in the soil in infected debris from the previous season. The fungus may be disseminated by water splash or by mechanical means as with S. obesa.

Cercostigmina protearum var. protearum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Brown Leaf

Abstract A description is provided for Cercostigmina protearum var. protearum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Causing round or sometimes irregular, pale brown or greyish-brown leaf spots 5-17 mm diameter. HOSTS: Leucospermum conocarpum, Protea. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne conidia. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: South Africa.

Cochliobolus pallescens. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Black Point ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Windward Islands

Abstract A description is provided for Cochliobolus pallescens. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Common on many graminicolous and non-graminicolous hosts. Important cereals and grasses include Eleusine, Hordeum, Oryza, Panicum, Paspalum, Pennisetum, Poa, Saccharum, Setaria, Sorghum, Triticum and Zea economically important dicot hosts include Allium (59, 4867), Arachis (53, 1647), Brassica (66, 3075), Canna, Calendula, Calotropis (44, 1832; 66, 3587), Carica (61, 5129), Cinnamomum, Citrus (68, 843), Coriandrum, Dahlia, Fagopyrum (64, 2425), Gaillardia, Hevea (56, 1257; 67, 5560), Musa (54, 4051), Solanum (50, 3484). DISEASE: Leaf spots of cereals, black point of wheat (44, 102), leaf spot and on stems of rubber (56, 1257; 67, 5560), ear rot of barley (62, 1005), rot of garlic (59, 4867). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Bangladesh, Brunei, Burma, Canada, Colombia, Cuba, Denmark, Egypt, Ethiopia, Fiji, Ghana, Guinea, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iran, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Malaysia, Malawi, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Sudan, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad, USA, USSR, Venezuela, Windward Islands, Zambia, Zimbabwe. TRANSMISSION: By wind-borne conidia and seed-borne.

Pestalotiopsis mangiferae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Leaf Spots

Abstract A description is provided for Pestalotiopsis mangiferae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Mangifera indica; also on Anacardium occidentale, Combretum decandrum, Eucalyptus spp., Mimusops spp., Vitis vinifera and many other unrelated host plants. DISEASE: Grey leaf spot of Mangifera indica. The spots vary in size from a few mm to several cm in length, are usually sharply delimited by a dark, raised border, and are silvery grey above and grey to brown below; leaf spots on other hosts are similar. Brown spot or rot of mango fruits is also known. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia; Bangladesh, Brunei, Burma, Hong Kong, India, Malaysia, Nepal, Sabah, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka; Australia; Dominican Republic; Venezuela. TRANSMISSION: Inoculation studies with conidia and mycelium have shown P. mangiferae to be a weak parasite, capable of infecting young injured leaves, injured fruits, older uninjured leaves and healthy fruits if in contact with diseased tissue (35, 378; 40, 421). It has been isolated from soil, but the possibility of transmission through soil has not been investigated.

Asperisporium vitiphyllum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Andrianova
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Krasnodar Krai ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Brown Leaf ◽  
Stavropol Krai

Abstract A description is provided for Asperisporium vitiphyllum, a colonizer of living leaves, causing a leaf spot or brown leaf blotch and leaf drying. Some information on its habitat, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Morocco and South Africa), Asia (Armenia, China, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Kazakhstan (Almaty oblast), Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan), Europe (Moldova, Russia (Krasnodar krai, Leningradskaya oblast, Stavropol krai) and Ukraine)) and hosts (including Vitis vinifera).

Cercospora pappaea. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Little
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Fruit Decay

Abstract A description is provided for Cercospora pappaea. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Caricapappaea (pawpaw). DISEASE: Leaf spot of pawpaw. Leaf spots are circular at first, but become irregular with age, 3-10 mm diam., pale brown on the upper surface, indistinct on the lower. The fungus may also cause small shallow black dots on the fruit; these lesions may enlarge up to 3 mm, but do not cause fruit decay (Weber 1973). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Mauritius, Malawi, Sudan Uganda, Asia: Burma, India Indonesia, Nepal; Australasia and Oceania: Papua New Guinea, Tonga; South America: Venezuela.

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