Colletotrichum acutatum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Dyko
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Capsicum Frutescens ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Colletotrichum acutatum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Delphinium, Apium graveolens var. duka, Carica papaya, Parmentiera edulis, Persia americana, Fragaria, Capsicum frutescens, Juglans regia, Lycopersicon esculentum, Malus sylvestris, Solanum melongena, Flindersia brayleyana, Pinus elliottii (46, 370), Pinus radiata (49, 1806), Coffea arabica (50, 1241), Zinnia elegans, Z. haugeans (55, 3620); Magnolia fraseri*, Anemone*, Ranunculus*, Salvinia molesta*, (*herb. IMI). DISEASE: Black spot of strawberry, terminal crook disease of pine. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Kenya, Tanzania*); Asia (Sri Lanka*); Australasia (Australia, New Zealand); N. America (USA, North Carolina*), (*herb. IMI). TRANSMISSION: Rain splash and wind (54, 2357).

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brayford
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Capsicum Frutescens ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Arachis Hypogea ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Fungus Gnats ◽  
Crown And Root Rot

Abstract A description is provided for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Lycopersicon spp., including L. esculentum Mill. (tomato). Plants from several families may also be susceptible to some strains, in particular Capsicum frutescens L., Solanum melongena L. (Solanaceae), Arachis hypogea L., Astragalus glycyphyllos L., Glycine max (L.) Merr., Phaseolus vulgaris L., Pisum sativum L., Trifolium spp., Vicia faba L., (Leguminosae), Cucumis spp. (Cucurbitaceae), Beta vulgaris L. and Spinacia oleracea L. (Chenopodiaceae) (Jarvis & Shoemaker, 1978; 69, 7094; 73, 7659). DISEASE: Crown and root rot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Belgium, Canada, Crete, France, Germany, Greece, Israel, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Spain, Sweden, The Netherlands, UK, USA. TRANSMISSION: Long range dissemination is via contaminated seed (73, 5786), diseased planting material (70, 1472) and by movement of infected soil/compost (64, 2160). Locally, conidia are readily spread by water flow, e.g. in irrigation or hydroponic systems (71, 4871, 4872, 6378). Some airborne dispersal of microconidia has been detected in glasshouses (Rowe et al., 1977), presumably resulting from splash droplet formation following sporulation on nearby plant debris. Fungus gnats have been reported to transport the fungus (73, 5534).

Pseudomonas cichorii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Gerbera Jamesonii ◽  
Pseudomonas Cichorii ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Natural Hosts

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudomonas cichorii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Naturally infects the following: Araceae: Scindapsus sp. (46, 3116); Compositae: Chrysanthemum morifolium, Chrysanthemum sp. (40: 473; 51, 3694j), Cichorium intybus, C. endivia (5: 275; 42: 236), Gerbera jamesonii (53, 580), Lactuca sativa (50, 1025); Cruciferae: Brassica oleracea (cabbage and cauliflower: 35: 859; 51, 2027); Papaveraceae: Papaver rhoeas, P. orientale (50, 3853); Rubiaceae: Coffea arabica (55, 4727); Solanaceae: Lycopersicon escutentum (53, 4375), Nicotiana tabacum (40: 75), Solanum melongena (57, 5808); Umbelliferae: Apium graveolens (44, 2940). In addition to these natural hosts a large number of plants from various families have been successfully infected by artificial inoculation. DISEASE: Leaf spot symptoms start as small watersoaked spots, which enlarge and rapidly become dark brown to blackish. The disease is frequently systemic and produces a rot of the centre leaves in chicory, and long dark brown streaks on the stems of tomatoes. Vascular darkening is also seen in tomato (53, 4375). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: The known distribution is widespread but rather scattered. It is probably present in many more countries than those reported, which include the following: Tanzania (as P. papaveris, 35: 188); India (58, 2991); Japan (57, 5808); Taiwan (14: 738); New Zealand (53, 4375); Bulgaria (45, 929); France (51, 2027); Germany (14: 418); Italy (50, 1025); England; USA (Montana, Illinois, Florida, Georgia, New York); Barbados; Brazil (40: 75). TRANSMISSION: Mainly by water splash. It is rapid under warm, wet conditions. Seed transmission occurs in lettuce (45, 929).

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brayford
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Gossypium Arboreum ◽  
Vascular Wilt ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Symptomless Infection

Abstract A description is provided for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Apium graveolens var. dulce (celery), A. graveolens var. rapaceum (celeriac). Symptomless infection of other crop plants and weeds may occur (66, 4005). Race 1 was reported to produce root lesions on inoculated Asparagus seedlings (68, 2953). The fungus can also cause vascular wilt of Mexican sunflower (Tithonia rotundifolia 'Torch') (Armstrong & Armstrong, 1966), peas (Pisum sativum) (Armstrong & Armstrong, 1967), Asparagus, Aubergine/Eggplant (Solanum melongena) and cotton (Gossypium arboreum 'Rozi', G. barbadense 'Coastland', 'Sakel') (Armstrong & Armstrong, 1969). DISEASE: Fusarium yellows. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia: Taiwan; Europe: France; North America: Canada (British Columbia, Ont), USA (widespread).

Nectria radicicola. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Principal Source ◽  
Rain Splash ◽  
Root Plate

Abstract A description is provided for Nectria radicicola. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On a very wide range of hosts, Gymnospermae, Monocotyledonae and Dicotyledonae, particularly in temperate regions, especially Fragaria vesca, Narcissus, Vitis vinifera. DISEASE: Root rot, dry brown rot, storage rot or dry rot (37: 3); wilt (32: 261); root plate rot of Narcissus (30: 160); black rot of strawberry (28: 180); black spot of grapes (36: 449). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in Europe. Occurs in N. America, East and South Africa, Australia, New Zealand. TRANSMISSION: By water, rain splash or in soil; infection generally from soil. Contaminated soil is the principal source of infection in nurseries where the fungus is capable of existing for long periods as a saprophyte or as thick-walled chlamydospores (35: 769). Taylor (36: 449) found the fungus only penetrating grapes when the skin was broken.

Venturia inaequalis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Pathogen Virulence ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Venturia inaequalis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Principally on apple (Malus pumila), and other species of Malus. Also recorded on Pyrus spp., Sorbus spp. Pyracantha, Cotoneaster integerrima, Crataegus oxyacantha, Viburnum, Sarcocephalus esculentus (36, 278) (Herb. IMI). DISEASE: Causes scab or black spot of apple, a common disease which can produce serious losses in both quantity and quality of fruit. The fungus can infect shoots, buds, blossoms, leaves and fruit. Symptoms appear initially as small, dull, pale spots particularly on the underside of leaves in spring. These enlarge as a mass of radiating subcuticular hyphae develops, forming dark circular lesions visible on both leaf surfaces; a slight puckering or blistering effect may also occur. Older lesions turn grey as the infected host tissue is killed. Scab on fruit is usually more conspicuous than on leaves, but varies according to resistance, pathogen virulence etc. Severe lesions may involve most of the fruit and become suberized and cracked, thus allowing entrance of secondam rotting organisms. Early infection of young fruit may cause shedding or distorted growth. On older fruit smaller secondary, lesions (pepper spot) often develop around a large primary scab. Infection of mature fruit may become visible during storage as sunken, black lesions. Lesions on young shoots appear as light brown blister-like swellings. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide wherever apples are grown (CMI Map 120, ed. 3, 1966). TRANSMISSION: The fungus overwinters primarily on leaf litter where the saprophytic sexual (perithecial) stage occurs. In wet spring weather the resulting perithecia release masses of airborne ascospores which infect the susceptible young foliage (42, 204). Dormant overwintering lesions on shoots and bud scales may also occur; these produce conidia which can infect young spring growth. Primary (spring) lesions produce conidia which cause secondary infection of foliage, fruit and shoots during wet summer weather. Conidia are dispersed chiefly by rain splash but may be present in the air near heavily infected trees during dry conditions (40, 757).

Xyleborus glabratus. [Distribution map].

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Xyleborus Glabratus ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff. Coleoptera: Curculionidae. Hosts: members of the Lauraceae including redbay (Persea borbonica) and avocado (P americana). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (Bangladesh, China, Fujian, Hunan, Sichuan, India, Assam, West Bengal, Japan, Kyushu, Myanmar and Taiwan) and North America (USA, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina and South Carolina).

Pseudohelotium pineti. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Leningrad Oblast ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudohelotium pineti found on dead and whitened needles of Pinus sylvestris. Some information on its morphology, habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Canada (Manitoba, Sasktachewan), USA (Maryland, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Virginia), India (Jammu and Kashmir), Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia (Komi Republic, Leningrad Oblast, Pskov Oblast, Republic of Karelia), Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine and UK) and hosts (Pinus spp.).

Dendroctonus frontalis. [Distribution map].

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
North America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
District Of Columbia ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Pinus Spp ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann Coleoptera: Scolytidae Attacks Pinus spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, Israel, NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, USA, Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Belize, E! Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua.

Homalodisca coagulata. [Distribution map].

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Homalodisca Coagulata ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Homalodisca coagulata (Say) Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae Hosts: Polyphagous. Information is given on the geographical distribution in NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, USA, Alabama, Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas, OCEANIA, French Polynesia.

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