Nectria hederae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Peerally
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Hedera Helix ◽  
Minor Disease ◽  
A Minor

Abstract A description is provided for Nectria hederae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Hedera helix. DISEASE: A minor disease. Brown irregular patches are produced on leaves, stems and rootless. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: England, France. TRANSMISSION: This probably occurs mainly by wind-borne conidia.

Septoria lactucae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Early Symptoms ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
A Minor

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria lactucae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Lactuca sativa. DISEASE: A minor leaf spot of lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Early symptoms are small, numerous, irregularly outlined, chlorotic spots beginning on the outer leaves. They enlarge, becoming brown or somewhat silvery, sometimes with a chlorotic halo, and shot-holes develop. Pycnidia, which may not be conspicuous, are found on both leaf surfaces. Infection spreads to the younger leaves and flowers in severe attacks (20: 193; 21: 182). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread (CMI Map 485, ed. 1, 1972). TRANSMISSION: By seed, pycnidia can be found embedded in the seed coat (41: 267).

Phytophthora nicotianae var. nicotianae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Nicotiana Plumbaginifolia ◽  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Hedera Helix ◽  
Black Shank

Abstract A description is provided for Phytophthora nicotianae var. nicotianae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, N. tabaci, N. spp., and on Amaranthus sp., Commelina benghalensis, C. nudiflora, Lycopersicon esculentum, Ricinus communis, Solanum melongena; also on wound inoculated Buxus sp., Daucus carota, Hedera helix, Ipomoea batatas and Trema amboensis. DISEASE: Black shank of tobacco. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Malawi, Mauritius, Uganda); Asia (Ceylon, China, Formosa, India, Indonesia, Japan, Java, Malaya, Philippines, Sumatra); Central America & West Indies (Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Santo Domingo, Trinidad); Europe (Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, Italy, Poland, Romania, U.S.S.R.); North America (U.S.A.); South America (Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela). TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne, persisting in soil for at least 4 years between tobacco crops, and not eliminated by a 3 year rotation or a 4 year fallow (41: 409; 39: 126). Tobacco leaves have been used to indicate disease potential in infested soil after serial dilution with sterile soil (42: 408). Spread in contaminated pond water used in overhead irrigation also suspected (43, 1413). Wind-borne spread up to 800 ft. has been recorded (39: 500).

Phoma sorghina. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Irian Jaya ◽  
Weed Hosts ◽  
A Minor

Abstract A description is provided for Phoma sorghina. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Gramineae and all kinds of plants. Also isolated from soil, air and various animal sources. DISEASE: A minor leaf spot of cereals and grasses. The visible symptoms vary considerably; on sorghum leaves spots are usually irregular or rounded, yellowish-brown or grey with definite reddish-purple margins or indefinite in outline, reaching 1 cm or more in width. Pycnidia develop within spots on leaves, glumes and seeds. Also the fungus has been implicated with pre- and post-emergence death of seedlings of Macroptilium and Sylosanthes species (54, 1779) crown rot of bananas (61, 3556), leaf spot of Agave americana and stem rot of Euphorbia tirucalli (63, 3383), brown stem canker of Leucosperum cordifolium (56, 253). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: A ubiquitous fungus occurring in tropical and subtropical regions. Africa (Botswana, Cameroon, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gambia, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe); Asia (Bangladesh, Brunei, Burma, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia (Irian Jaya), Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, USSR); Australasia and Oceania (Australia, Hawaii, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands); Europe (Germany, Portugal, Italy, UK); North America (Canada, USA); Central America and West Indies (Antigua, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, Trinidad); South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia). TRANSMISSION: Probably by contaminated seed; the fungus has been found on or isolated from several seed samples (1, 289; 33, 599; 47, 2153; 54, 1779; 60, 367; 61, 4102). In Taiwan P. sorghina has been found to be transmitted from seed to seedlings (62, 4281). The fungus has also been claimed to persist on trash and weed hosts and remain viable up to 1 yr but lose its viability after 2 yr storage on dry infected leaves (Koch & Rumbold, 1921).

Puccinia schedonnardi. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Mulder
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Disease ◽  
Pacific Slope ◽  
A Minor

Abstract A description is provided for Puccinia schedonnardi. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Aecial stage on species of Abutilon, Callirhoe, Hibiscus, Gossypium and on a few other genera of Malvaceae. Uredial and telial stages on species of Limnodea, Melica, Monanthochloe, Muhlenbergia, Schedonnardus and Triplasis. DISEASE: A minor leaf disease of cotton, infection also occurring on the bolls and involucral bracts. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Fairly general in USA (more abundant southwards) but absent from the N. Pacific slope. On cotton it occurs in Ariz., lower California, N. Mex., Okla and Texas (14: 628) and also in Mexico. Telial and aecial states are reported from Argentina (25: 234) and the former also from Canada (Manitoba) and S. Africa. TRANSMISSION: No studies reported.

Karnal bunt: A minor disease that is now a threat to wheat

1983 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Joshi ◽  
D. V. Singh ◽  
K. D. Srivastava ◽  
R. D. Wilcoxson
Keyword(s):  
Karnal Bunt ◽  
Minor Disease ◽  
A Minor

Mycovellosiella cajani. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Waller
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
A Minor

Abstract A description is provided for Mycovellosiella cajani. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Cajanus, Callicarpa, Desmodium and Solanum verbascifolium. DISEASE: Causes a minor leaf spot of pigeon pea. The spots are usually small, round with an indefinite margin and are usually pale brown in the centre with a darker border. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: East Africa, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, West Indies, Venezuela, Mauritius, India, Pakistan, Burma and Taiwan. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne conidia and may carry over on crop debris.

Mycosphaerella linicola. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Minor Factor ◽  
A Minor

Abstract A description is provided for Mycosphaerella linicola. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On leaves, stems and penduncles of Linum usitatissimum, and Linum spp. DISEASE: Pasmo disease of flax GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread with host (CMI Map 18, ed. 5, 1977). TRANSMISSION: The fungus carries over on crop debris and other Linum spp. It is said to remain viable in soil for several years (60, 2047). Infested seeds on germination produce infected seedlings (5, 365; 25, 449). In New Zealand seedborne infection was said to be a minor factor and windborne infection was described (43, 1336; 49, 3316).

Cylindrocladium camelliae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Peerally
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
South India ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Acacia Dealbata ◽  
Collar Region ◽  
A Minor

Abstract A description is provided for Cylindrocladium camelliae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Acacia dealbata, Camellia sinensis. DISEASE: A minor root rot of tea in South India. Affected plants unthrifty with few feeding roots. Raised patches occur on the bark of the tap and lateral roots and may extend to the collar region. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: India, Japan.

Guignardia citricarpa. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Latent Infections ◽  
Green Ring ◽  
Guignardia Citricarpa ◽  
Fiji Islands ◽  
Citrus Leaves ◽  
A Minor

Abstract A description is provided for Guignardia citricarpa. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Citrus spp. Also recorded in a non-pathogenic form on many other hosts in the following families: Anacardiaceae, Aquifoliaceae, Bignoniaceae, Burseraceae, Cunoniaceae, Dioscoreaceae, Gramineae, Lauraceae, Leguminosae, Liliaceae, Lythraceae, Magnoliaceae, Myrtaceae, Orchidaceae, Passifloraceae, Proteaceae, Rosaceae, Rutaceae, Solanaceae, Sterculiaceae, Theaceae (29: 208; 43: 1922a; Herb. IMI). DISEASE: Black spot of citrus. Kiely (1949) described 3 types of fruit lesion: Hard spot and shot-hole spot numerous, at first circular, brown with slight depressions, later more depressed in the centre which turns grey-white, margin black and surrounded by a ring of green rind tissue; Freckle spot develops after hard spot phase with abundant lesions, small, deep organge to brick red, finally brown, lacking a green ring, Virulent spot, irregular, confluent, rapidly spreading, black in the centre where pycnidia are produced, brown nearer the edge, finally brick red at the periphery forming the margin of the sunken lesion. McOnie found field temperatures affected symptom expression (44: 1556b). Also occurs on leaves, twigs and flowers of citrus and other hosts, often as latent infections. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widely distributed on a large number of hosts. Countries where the fungus has been reported as a pathogen of citrus fruit in the field are designated below with an asterisk: Africa (? Egypt, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, *Rhodesia, *South Africa, Uganda), Asia (Ceylon, *China, *Formosa (Taiwan), Hong Kong,? India, *Indonesia, Iran, Israel, *Japan, Korea,? Malaya, Okinawa,? Pakistan,? Philippines,? Singapore,? Thailand,? Vietnam); Australasia & Oceania, (*Australia,? Fiji Islands,? Hawaii, New Hebrides), Europe (Sicily, Spain, U.S.S.R. (Republic of Georgia)); North America (United States (Florida)); Central America and the Caribbean (Honduras, Jamaica, Trinidad); South America (*Argentine, *Brazil, *Peru, Venezuela). (CMI Map 53, ed. 3, 1961; 29: 208; 44, 701; Herb. IMI). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores from perithecia produced on cirrus leaf litter (43, 1922b). Conidia produced from pycnidia require water droplets for emergence and dispersal. They play a minor role by contributing to the infection of low hanging fruit. Mycelium in latent infections of citrus leaves remains viable up to 18 days and may be detected when the leaves are incubated at 30°C (Kiely, 1949). Nursery trees may also carry latent infection into other citrus growing areas (Kiely, 1949; Wager, 1953). Wounds on fruit made by insects may also provide infection courts (16: 247, 22: 19).

Pestalotiopsis palmarum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Cayman Islands ◽  
Areca Catechu ◽  
New Hebrides ◽  
A Minor

Abstract A description is provided for Pestalotiopsis palmarum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Palmae, including Borassus flabellifer, Chamaerops humulis, Capsicum, Cocos nucifera, Elaeis guineensis, Phoenix dactylifera, P. canariensis, Areca catechu, Arenga, Caryota, Howea, Manilkara hexandra, Musa, Roystonia, Diospyros, Eichhornia, Flacourtia, Pimenta, Pinus, rubber, tea. DISEASE: A minor leaf spot probably restricted to the Palmae and reported as causing disease in Areca catechu, Borassus flabellifer, Cocos nucifera, Chamaerops humulis and Elaeis guineensis. Small yellow-brown spots, becoming whitish to grey with a dark brown border, oval, more than 1 cm long and elongating parallel to the veins, sometimes coalescing, with the dark acervuli on the upper surface within the central part. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Andaman Islands, Australia, Bermuda, Brazil, Cayman Islands, Ceylon, Congo Republic, Colombia, Cuba, Diego Garcia, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Fiji, Ghana, Gilbert and Ellice Islands, Guinea, Guyana, Honduras, Hong Kong, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Kenya, Laos, Malagasy Republic, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mozambique, Morocco, New Caledonia, New Hebrides, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, Papua-New Guinea, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Senegal, Seychelles, South Africa, Surinam, Solomon Islands, Samoa, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Thailand, Uganda, USA (California, Florida), Vietnam, Yugoslavia, Zambia. TRANSMISSION: No detailed studies reported.

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