Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Internal Cavity ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Pseudocercosporella Herpotrichoides ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Weed Hosts

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Wheat, barley, oats, rye. Also occurs on many wild and cultivated grasses, including Aegilops, Agropogon, Agrostis, Alopecurus, Bromus, Dactylis, Festuca, Koeleria, Lolium and Poa spp. DISEASE: Causes eyespot of cereals. Typically the disease is characterized by a pale oval spot with a brown margin on the basal leaf sheaths and culm of cereal tillers at or just above ground level, but such symptoms maybe obscure on some cereals, e.g. oats. Black, stromatic pustules are often present within the centre of the lesion and stems may be ridged, kinked, frayed or otherwise distorted at the diseased zone. The grey mycelium of P. herpotrichoides can often be seen in the internal cavity of straws when they are split open. Random lodging ('straggling') of diseased crops occurs as diseased straws topple over before harvest; storm lodging is also more severe. Eyespot symptoms also include a culm or foot rot which can result in post emergence death of young seedlings or tillers; shrivelled grain and partially empty ears (whiteheads) can also occur on maturing crops. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread throughout Europe; also occurs in some areas of N. America, Africa and Australia and in New Zealand (CMI Map 74, ed. 3, 1969). TRANSMISSION: Survival of the fungus between crops occurs on infected plant debris, particularly old stubble. Conidia are produced abundantly on this in wet autumn and spring weather and infect the leaf sheaths of young winter cereals. Direct mycelial infection can also occur. The fungus can survive long periods in the soil in infected crop debris and can infect susceptible crops planted at intervals of several years. Secondary weed hosts also act as a source of the fungus but are not as important as old stubble (49, 2426). During moist, cool springs secondary infection within a crop can occur by conidia dispersed from diseased plants.

Mycosphaerella zeae-maydis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Main Host ◽  
Maize Leaves ◽  
Actual Mode

Abstract A description is provided for Mycosphaerella zeae-maydis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Zea mays (main host), Sorghum vulgare[Sorghum bicolor] var. sudanensis (= Sorghum bicolor) and Setaria. DISEASE: Yellow leaf blight of maize. Leaves at all stages of maturity are susceptible to infection. Heavy infection of seedlings causes stunting whilst severe infection of leaves causes death of entire leaves. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: North America (Canada, Ontario; U.S.A., New York, Wisconsin) South America (Bolivia, Equator). TRANSMISSION: Presumably by seed which may be contaminated by infected plant debris in the soil. So far the actual mode of infection in the field has not been investigated. Since the fungus overwinters as immature pseudothecia on leaves it has been suggested that ascospores may be responsible for early infection in the spring whilst conidia are responsible for secondary infection in the growing season (Mukunya & Boothroyd, 1973).

Gibberella zeae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Water Droplets ◽  
Ascospore Discharge ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract A description is provided for Gibberella zeae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Wheat, maize, barley, carnations and other ornamentals; also reported infecting Lycopersicon, Pisum, Trifolium and Solanum DISEASE: Seedling blight, pre-emergence and post-emergence blight, root and foot rot, brown rot, culm decay, head or kernel blight (scab or ear scab) of wheat, maize, barley and other cereals. Leaf and flower rot of carnations and other ornamentals. Also reported infecting species of Lycopersicon, Pisum, Trifolium and Solanum. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide on maize and rice in the tropics. Wheat, oats, barley and rye in temperate regions. TRANSMISSION: By planting infected or infested seeds or by planting in infested soil. Secondary infection occurs widely by water droplets under moist conditions or by ascospore discharge.

Septoria antirrhini. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Andrianova
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Wet Weather

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria antirrhini. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Leaf spot, leaf drying, defoliation. HOSTS: Antirrhinum antirrhiniflorum, A. majus, A. siculum (Scrophulariaceae). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: South Africa. NORTH AMERICA: Canada, USA. SOUTH AMERICA: Chile, Colombia. ASIA: Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Iran, Israel. AUSTRALASIA: Australia, New Zealand. EUROPE: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. TRANSMISSION: Not reported, but almost certainly by airborne, splash-dispersed conidia from infected plant debris and seed stocks. The disease is significantly more severe under wet weather conditions (SINADSKIY et al., 1985).

Dilophospora alopecuri. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. S. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Plant Debris

Abstract A description is provided for Dilophospora alopecuri. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On culms, flowering shoots and leaves of grasses and cereals (wheat, oats, rye, barley). DISEASE: Twist of grasses. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe, Asia (India, Iraq, Pakistan), N. America (Canada, USA), Australia and New Zealand. TRANSMISSION: By splash-dispersed air-borne conidia during the growing season. Perennation by infected plant debris, soil and seed. Observations in the Netherlands (4, 140) and Russia (32, 415) led to the belief that nematodes (Anguillulina spp.) were important vectors of the fungus, but evidence elsewhere shows that this is unlikely (8, 300; 13, 20; 14, 296).

Septoria lepidii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Andrianova
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Former Yugoslavia ◽  
Republic Of Georgia ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Type Host ◽  
Leaf Spots

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria lepidii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Leaf mortality. Clearly-defined leaf spots are not produced. Instead the whole leaf becomes discolored, turning pale brown or fawn, with the discoloration spreading from infection sites. Conidiomata are then produced as the whole leaf dies. HOSTS: Cardaria draba, C. propinqua, C. pubescens, C. repens (syn. : Lepidium repens), Lepidium affine, L. campestre, L. heterophyllum, L. latifolium, L. officinale, L. perfoliatum, L. sativum, L. sibiricum, L. smithii, L. vesicatorium (Brassicaceae). [Type host -L. heterophyllum.] GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Republic of Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kirghizistan, Russia (West Siberia), Tadzhikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Europe: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Hungary, Moldova, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, UK, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. North America: USA. TRANSMISSION: Not reported, but almost certainly by air-borne or splash dispersed conidia, also from infected plant débris.

Peronospora viciae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Mukerji
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Dormancy Period ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Peronospora Viciae

Abstract A description is provided for Peronospora viciae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Vicia faba, V. sativa, Lathyrus sativus, Pisum sativum, P. arvense and other related forms. DISEASE: Downy mildew of peas. Downy greyish-violet growth forms on the under surface of the leaves, in patches of varying size, sometimes covering most of the leaf surface. In severely infected plants downy growth also develops on the stem and inflorescence and the leaves wither. The withered leaves contain oospores (Butler, 1918). Oospores also develop in the inflorescence and stem (32, 233; 44, 1756a). Causes severe loss, particularly in cool, wet years at temps, between 15 and 20°C and with rise of air RH (41, 295, 495; 45, 2294). Infection appears in the early stages of growth (36, 530). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World wide on peas (29, 336; 30, 20, 361, 417, 546; 33, 708; 34, 213, 271, 509; 36, 380, 519; 37, 5, 126; 39, 656; 41, 189, 216, 494; 43, 616; 44, 1031; 46, 1513i). TRANSMISSION: Initially through oospore infected soil coming from old infected plant debris (41, 272). During the growing season the spread is through wind blown sporangia (51, 4473) but they are short lived and need the proximity of the host plant for further development (Butler, 1918). Dormancy period of the oospores is also very short (41, 272).

Septoria oenotherae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Andrianova
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Far East ◽  
Republic Of Georgia ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Oenothera Biennis ◽  
Evening Primrose ◽  
Apparent Infection Rate ◽  
Rain Splash ◽  
Chemical Fungicides

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria oenotherae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Leaf spot. In seed stocks, conidiomata are usually encountered on fragments of pods, stems or leaves, and only rarely on the seeds (SIMPSON et al., 1995). Development of S. oenotherae leads to severe blight, with drying of all the leaves starting from the bottom of the plant. This reduces vitality of the plant, and may cause its death. HOSTS: Calylophus sp., Camissonia sp., Gaura sp., Godetia grandiflora, Ludwigia sp., Oenothera biennis (syn. : Onagra biennis), Oenothera decumbens, O. lamarkiana, O. muricata, O. odorata, O. sinuata (Onagraceae). [Type host - Oenothera biennis.] GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Republic of Georgia, Kazakhstan, Korea, Russia (Far East). Australasia: New Zealand. Europe: Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Italy, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, UK, Ukraine. North America: Canada (Ontario), USA. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne or splash dispersed conidia from infected plant débris and seed stocks. Septoria oenotherae can be transmitted by infected débris in evening primrose seed stock; disease progress may then be influenced by variety, sanitation and chemical fungicides; further, the low rL (apparent infection rate) values can be taken as indicative of a primarily rain-splash spread disease (SIMPSON et al, 1999).

Fusarium flocciferum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brayford
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Root Tuber ◽  
Cultivated Mushroom

Abstract A description is provided for Fusarium flocciferum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Isolated from soil. Also occurs on the roots of a wide range of plants, including temperate cereals (Hordeum, Triticum), legumes (Lupinus, Pisum, Vicia), cucurbits (Cucumis sativus), and others such as carrot (Daucus carota) and beet (Beta vulgaris); sometimes occurs in association with nematodes. DISEASE: Not regarded as an aggressive pathogen, but in association with nematodes may cause root lesions, damping-off, root, tuber or bulb rots. Reported to cause disorders of cultivated mushroom beds. Occasionally causes skin infections of animals (one IMI record from crocodile's tail). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread but infrequent, apparently more common in temperate regions. Reported from Asia: Bhutan, China, India, Iran, Turkey; Australasia: New Zealand; Europe: Denmark, Germany, The Netherlands, Poland, Turkey (W), UK; North America: Canada, USA. TRANSMISSION: Conidia are dispersed locally by water flow and splash droplets. Chlamydospores may be transported by movement of soil or infected plant debris. It may also be seed-borne (71, 1568).

Phialophora asteris. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Hawksworth
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Vascular Wilt ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Soil P

Abstract A description is provided for Phialophora asteris. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Aster novi-belgii cultivars (michaelmas daisy) and, more rarely, A. tradescantii. Cultivars of Callistephus chinensis are also very susceptible with A. amellus, A. linosyris and Bellis perennis moderately so; A. acris and A. novae-angliae appear to be resistant (Burge & Isaac, 1974). DISEASE: Vascular wilt of michaelmas daisies, aster wilt. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe (UK, Netherlands, Denmark); New Zealand. TRANSMISSION: Presumably by splash dispersed conidia and by infected plant debris in the soil.

Septoria paeoniae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Andrianova
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Republic Of Georgia ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Type Host

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria paeoniae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Leaf blotch (ANON., 1984); foliar disorders; reduction of vitality. HOSTS: Paeonia broteri, P. daurica, P. herbacea, P. officinalis, P. peregrina, P. sinensis (Paeoniaceae). [Type host -P. sinensis.] GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Republic of Georgia. Europe: Belarus, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, UK, Ukraine. North America: Canada, USA. TRANSMISSION: Not reported, but almost certainly by air-borne or splash dispersed conidia, also from infected plant débris.

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