Ascochyta pisi. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New Records ◽  
Mycosphaerella Pinodes ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Basal Stem Rot ◽  
Leaf Lesion ◽  
Ascochyta Pisi ◽  
Stem Lesions ◽  
Effective Spread

Abstract A description is provided for Ascochyta pisi. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Pisum, Lathyrus and Vicia. DISEASE: Leaf, stem and pod spot of pea (Pisum sativum) and other legumes. The leaf lesion is somewhat light brown with a darker, frequently prominent, margin and pale centre. Stem lesions, rather sunken, are less abundant than in Mycosphaerella pinodes (CMI Descript. 340). Ascochyta pisi (causing post-emergence and pre-emergence damping-off and dwarfing) is essentially an above-ground pathogen and, although a basal stem rot may be found, the characteristic foot rot syndrome caused by M. pinodes does not occur. Primary lesions often form on the first leaves. Pod infection can lead to aborted seed or a range of other damage to seed. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread (CMI Map 273, ed. 3, 1971). New records not yet mapped are: Crete, Egypt, Haiti. TRANSMISSION: By water, through conidia, from host debris and seed (20: 441; 37: 258; 44, 2658); viability in seed was 6 yr (17: 427). Effective spread in soil is unlikely since A. pisi has a low saprophytic ability and chlamydospores are rare or absent (48, 1389, 1390).

Mycosphaerella pinodes. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New Records ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Mycosphaerella Pinodes ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Tap Root ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Saprophytic Ability

Abstract A description is provided for Mycosphaerella pinodes. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Pisum sativum, Lathyrus, Phaseolus and Vicia. DISEASE: Leaf, stem and pod spot and foot rot of pea (Pisum sativum). Lesions on the above-ground parts begin as very small purplish spots which enlarge and becoming more or less zonate and dark brown without a definite margin; they may be circular or irregular in shape with a darker centre. Infection spreads via the petiole to the stem causing girdling lesions; the tap root and proximal parts of the lateral roots can be attacked. Flowers become spotted and pods poorly filled. Infection leads to post-emergence and pre-emergence damping-off, death or dwarfing of older plants and discoloration and shrinkage of seed. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread, especially in temperate and sub-tropical areas (CMI Map 316, ed. 2, 1967). New records not yet mapped are: Ethiopia, Greece, Haiti, Iraq, Lebanon, Mexico, Salvador. TRANSMISSION: By water (conidia), air (ascospores), soil and host debris (in which M. pinodes survives between crops) and through seed. Chlamydospores and sclerotia occur and, in the soil, conidia can be transformed into the former. There is some saprophytic ability (20: 441; 44, 2658; 47, 1721; 48, 1389).

Pythium intermedium. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract A description is provided for Pythium intermedium. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On a wide range of hosts represented by the following families: Begoniaceae, Bromeliaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Coniferae, Cruciferae, Euphorbiaceae, Geraniaceae, Gramineae, Leguminosae, Liliaceae, Linaceae, Moraceae, Onagraceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, Solanaceae, Ulmaceae, Violaceae; also in the Equisetales and Filicales. DISEASES: Damping-off of seedlings, foot rot and root rot of ornamentals, occasionally of crop plants and trees. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (China); Australia & Oceania (Hawaii); Europe (England, Belgium, France, Germany, Holland, Sweden, U.S.S.R.); North America (U.S.A.); South America (Argentina). TRANSMISSION: A common soil inhabitant.

Seed disinfection: III. Experiments on the germination of peas. Seed protection by the use of disinfectant dusts containing mercury

1937 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Brett ◽  
W. A. R. Weston Dillon ◽  
J. R. Booer
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Mycosphaerella Pinodes ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Ungerminated Seed ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Seed Disinfection ◽  
Ascochyta Pisi

In a previous paper(1) reference was made to the subject of seed disinfection, in particular to an investigation on disinfectant dusts containing mercury. It was shown that by the use of certain of these dusts the common seed-borne diseases of cereals (excluding the loose smuts of barley and wheat) could be controlled. The present observations record further work, chiefly greenhouse and field studies, that has been done on green peas. This crop would appear to be of increasing economic importance, since in the past ten years the acreage devoted to it has increased by approximately 49 per cent. Its successful cultivation is often much influenced by climatic and soil conditions, particularly during the first few weeks after sowing. If adverse weather conditions follow, poor germination may result although the seed sown may have been viable and not necessarily diseased. Failures of such a type are usually associated with the rotting of the ungerminated seed in the soil, but from the same bulks, samples sown under more favourable conditions may germinate well and produce a satisfactory crop. Ogilvie (2,3,4) finds that in the Western Advisory province Ascochyta Pisi and Mycosphaerella pinodes are two causes of the early failure of pea plants, and that “pea sickness” is associated with a strain of the eelworm Heterodera schachtii and with foot-rot caused by various species of Fusarium. Premature dying-off of the plants is accompanied sometimes with Heterodera schachtii and foot-rot and sometimes with foot-rot alone.

Pythium butleri. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Citrullus Vulgaris ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Ginger Rhizome

Abstract A description is provided for Pythium butleri. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Capsicum annuum, Carica papaya, Citrullus vulgaris, Cucumis pepo, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana tabacum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Ricinus communis (on inoculation), Zingiber officinalis. DISEASES: Foot rot of papaw; soft rot of ginger rhizome; damping-off of tobacco, tomato and chill); cottony rot of cucurbits (plants and fruits) and stem and pod rot of string-bean. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Equatorial and West); Asia (India) and North America (U.S.A.). TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne but may be propagated in diseased planting material in the case of ginger rhizomes.

Setosphaeria rostrata. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Anahosur
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Leaf Spots

Abstract A description is provided for Setosphaeria rostrata. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On graminicolous hosts and on Amaryllis, Carica, Cucumis, Jasminum, Nicotiana and from soil. DISEASE: Causes leaf spots, foot rot of wheat (56, 2446), seedling blight of Cynodon (46, 2051), leaf blight of Eleusine (46, 1263), damping-off of sugarcane seedlings (50, 1562l), stalk rot (53, 2167) and ear rot of maize, blackening of seeds and seed germination failure (34, 91; 51, 2435). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Mauritius, Nigeria, S. Africa, Sudan); Asia (China, India, Israel, Pakistan); Central America (Puerto Rico); Europe (Denmark); North America (USA). TRANSMISSION: The fungus is soil-borne and can survive saprophytically for a long period (43, 398). Also seed transmissible (51, 2435). Conidia are produced abundantly in moist conditions and are dispersed by wind and rain, and act as a source of primary infection. Many grasses and weeds act as collateral hosts (39, 321).

Gibellina cerealis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
North American ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Pseudocercosporella Herpotrichoides ◽  
Basal Stem Rot ◽  
The North ◽  
Sharp Eyespot

Abstract A description is provided for Gibellina cerealis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Gramineae, especially Triticum. DISEASE: White foot rot or basal stem rot of wheat often associated with Rhizoctonia solani (49, 2428; 51, 2349); the disease may be confused with sharp eyespot of wheat caused by Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (48, 2903). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia, Europe (Bulgaria, Hungary, Italy, Rumania, UK); the North American (Oregon) record is probably incorrect (16, 801). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores from diseased crop residues (37, 156).

Phomopsis vexans. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
The West ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Phomopsis Vexans ◽  
Stem Lesions

Abstract A description is provided for Phomopsis vexans[Diaporthe vexans]. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Solanum melongena, S. wendlandii. DISEASE: The only economic host is eggplant or brinjal (Solanum melongena) and the disease is variously known as tip over, stem blight or canker, leaf blight or spot and fruit rot; damping-off can also take place. Leaf spots (up to 3 cm diam.) are conspicuous, irregular in outline and may coalesce; lower leaves may be affected first. In stem lesions the cortex dries and cracks, plants become stunted and girdling cankers cause death. Fruit spots are pale, sunken, conspicuous and may affect the whole fruit; fruit may drop or remain attached, becoming mummified after a soft decay. Pycnidia are abundant. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in N. America, the West Indies, and E. and central Asia, also in Africa (Senegal, Tanzania, Zambia) and Mauritius (CMI Map 329, ed. 2, 1968). The record from Australia (NSW) should be deleted. Additional records not yet mapped are: Brunei, Haiti, Iran, Iraq, Rumania. TRANSMISSION: Host debris and seed from infested fruit are primary sources of inoculum. Naturally infected seed germinates less well and more slowly (20: 621; 22: 511).

Phoma pinodella. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Kinsey
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Warm Weather ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stem Lesions ◽  
Leguminous Host

Abstract A description is provided for Phoma pinodella. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: A pathogen contributory to causing (spring/summer) black stem of legumes (mainly Pisum and Trifolium), involving foot rot, leaf spots and stem lesions. Also opportunistically pathogenic on many other host plants. HOSTS: On leaves, stems, roots and seeds of a wide range of plants and other substrata. The main hosts are Pisum (pea) and Trifolium (clover) but also recorded on other Papilionaceae including Arachis, Cicer, Glycine, Lathyrus, Lens, Lupinus, Medicago, Phaseolus, Vicia and Vigna. Non-leguminous host plants include Beta, Casuarina, Coffea, Galanthus, Gossypium, Hordeum, Lactuca, Oryza, Petroselinum, Phlox, Triticum and Zinnia. Also reported from soil, hay and straw; however, many records require verification. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Nigeria, Tanzania. NORTH AMERICA: Canada, USA. SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Chile. ASIA: Bangladesh, India, Iraq, Syria. AUSTRALASIA: Australia, New Zealand. EUROPE: Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, Ireland, Netherlands, Poland, Russian Federation, Sweden. Widespread, particularly in temperate regions. Thought to be of American origin (BOEREMA et al., 1993). TRANSMISSION: Plants are infected from seed or by rainsplash-dispersed conidia or from persistent fungal inoculum present on plant debris in the soil. The recent report of a teleomorphic state for this fungus raises the possibility that wind dispersal may also be involved (BOWEN et al., 1997). Cool, moist conditions favour infection but it is suppressed by warm weather.

Myrothecium roridum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fitton
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Hibiscus Esculentus ◽  
Myrothecium Roridum ◽  
Stem Lesions ◽  
Stem Cankers ◽  
Soil Level

Abstract A description is provided for Myrothecium roridum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Plurivorous. On Antirrhinum, Coffea, Cucurbitaceae, Cyamopsis psoraloides, Gardenia, Gloxinia, Gossypium, Hibiscus esculentus, Hypocyrta, Lycopersicon esculentum, Molucella, Sesamum indicum, Solanum melongena, Trifolium pratense, Vigna unguiculata, Vinca, Viola. DISEASE: Commonly causing necrotic lesions or shot holes on leaves but can also occur on petioles, stems and fruit. Small, sometimes water-soaked, lesions increase to about 2.5 cm diam. ; they may be zonate and coalesce, defoliating the plant. On many hosts infection is most serious under nursery or glasshouse contitions. Infection leads to stem lesions, dieback of the crown and decay at soil level; this may resemble typical damping-off symptoms. Stem cankers have been reported on cotton and sunken lesions on the fruit of cantaloupe. On tomato fruit a firm, black rot develops, with a sharply delimited border between healthy and diseased tissue; the rotted part can be removed readily in one piece (25: 345; 35: 19; 36: 528; 41: 199; 44: 1586, 3367; 49: 503). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread (CMI Map 458, ed. 1, 1969); possibly more serious in warmer regions. TRANSMISSION: Probably a common soil saprophyte, with the capacity to become actively parasitic under conditions not yet clearly definable. Infection of cotton bolls and carpel walls is reported (43, 3382b). Seed of C. psoraloides when inoculated gave only 16% germination compared with 93% for the uninoculated seed.

Nuevas citas y aportaciones corológicas para la flora bentónica marina del Atlántico de la Península Ibérica. New records and geographical distribution additions of the benthic marine flora of the Atlantic Iberian Peninsula

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 5-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Bárbara ◽  
Pilar Díaz Tapia ◽  
César Peteiro ◽  
Estibaliz Berecibar ◽  
Viviana Peña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New Records ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Floristic Studies ◽  
Marine Flora ◽  
Derbesia Marina ◽  
Halicystis Ovalis ◽  
Península Ibérica

Español.  Se dan a conocer nuevas localizaciones y datos corológicos para 98 especies (61 Rhodophyta, 22 Ochrophyta, 15 Chlorophyta) de algas bentónicas marinas recolectadas en el intermareal y submareal de más de 80 localidades de las costas atlánticas y cantábricas de la Península Ibérica. Polysiphonia devoniensis, P. fibrata y Zonaria tournefortii son novedad para Portugal y 5 especies (Bonnemaisonia hamifera, Calosiphonia vermicularis, P. devoniensis, Hincksia intermedia y Derbesia marina stadium Halicystis ovalis) son nuevas citas para Galicia. Paralelamente, se aportan 101 primeras citas provinciales (2 Guipúzcoa, 1 Vizcaya, 8 Cantabria, 5 Asturias, 7 Lugo, 1 A Coruña, 8 Pontevedra, 1 Beira litoral, 15 Estremadura, 20 Alentejo, 25 Algarve y 8 Cádiz) y, además, se dan a conocer 108 segundas citas provinciales. Aunque la flora bentónica marina del Atlántico Peninsular ha sido objeto de numerosos estudios, estos nuevos hallazgos corológicos ponen en evidencia que todavía son necesarios más estudios florísticos en estas costas.English.  In this work, we provide new records and geographical distribution data for 98 seaweeds (61 Rhodophyta, 22 Ochrophyta, 15 Chlorophyta) inhabiting more than 80 sites (intertidal and subtidal) of the Atlantic Iberian Peninsula. Polysiphonia devoniensis, P. fibrata y Zonaria tournefortii are new records for Portugal and 5 species (Bonnemaisonia hamifera, Calosiphonia vermicularis, P. devoniensis, Hincksia intermedia and Derbesia marina stadium Halicystis ovalis) are new records for Galicia. Moreover, 101 new records are reported for the first time in the studied provinces (2 Guipúzcoa, 1 Vizcaya, 8 Cantabria, 5 Asturias, 7 Lugo, 1 A Coruña, 8 Pontevedra, 1 Beira litoral, 15 Estremadura, 20 Alentejo, 25 Algarve y 8 Cádiz) and 108 for the second time. Although the Atlantic marine algae of the Iberian Peninsula are well studied, these new findings show that further floristic studies are necessary to complete our knowledge of the natural heritage of this region.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document