Cochliobolus miyabeanus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Seed Infection ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Cochliobolus Miyabeanus

Abstract A description is provided for Cochliobolus miyabeanus. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Oryza sativa and other species of Oryza. DISEASE: Brown spot and seedling blight of rice. Oval leaf spots up to 1 cm long, at first usually brown, sometimes purplish, later forming white to grey centres, spots may coalesce and leaves wither. Glumes may be spotted, becoming velvety with sporulation. Infected seed is shrivelled and discoloured; coleoptiles bear lesions which can also occur on the roots of seedlings. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread (CMI Map 92, ed. 3, 1966). Records not yet mapped: Angola, Cambodia, Chad, France (S.), French Polynesia, Hong Kong, Laos, Malawi, Nepal, Rhodesia. TRANSMISSION: Seed infection is important (mycelium remaining viable for up to 3 yr) and is probably responsible for most of the primary infection in young crops (9: 556; 34: 104). Grain is directly attacked and kernels in the flowering and milk stages are more susceptible than those in the soft dough and mature stages (45, 2834; 46, 317). Conidia are air-dispersed showing a diurnal periodicity with a max. in the late afternoon (43, 1017; 48, 3486).

Setosphaeria rostrata. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Anahosur
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Leaf Spots

Abstract A description is provided for Setosphaeria rostrata. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On graminicolous hosts and on Amaryllis, Carica, Cucumis, Jasminum, Nicotiana and from soil. DISEASE: Causes leaf spots, foot rot of wheat (56, 2446), seedling blight of Cynodon (46, 2051), leaf blight of Eleusine (46, 1263), damping-off of sugarcane seedlings (50, 1562l), stalk rot (53, 2167) and ear rot of maize, blackening of seeds and seed germination failure (34, 91; 51, 2435). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Mauritius, Nigeria, S. Africa, Sudan); Asia (China, India, Israel, Pakistan); Central America (Puerto Rico); Europe (Denmark); North America (USA). TRANSMISSION: The fungus is soil-borne and can survive saprophytically for a long period (43, 398). Also seed transmissible (51, 2435). Conidia are produced abundantly in moist conditions and are dispersed by wind and rain, and act as a source of primary infection. Many grasses and weeds act as collateral hosts (39, 321).

Alternaria padwickii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Necrotic Spotting

Abstract A description is provided for Alternaria padwickii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Oryza sativa. DISEASE: Stackburn, seedling blight and leaf spot of rice (Oryza sativa). Necrotic spotting on the roots and coleoptile leads to death of seedlings. Leaf spots are circular or oval, up to 1 cm diam., with a dark margin; the centre becomes pale and bears the black sclerotia. Spotting occurs on the glumes, the kernels are invaded and become discoloured and shrivelled. Sclerotia are formed in all infected areas (27: 447). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in S.E. Asia and parts of Oceania but not reported from Australia; it also occurs in Egypt, Malagasy Republic, Nigeria and Surinam (CMI Map 314, ed. 3, 1972). TRANSMISSION: By seed, up to 79% infection of seed samples has been found (25: 182). The pathogen probably survives between crops on the straw.

Pestalotiopsis mangiferae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Leaf Spots

Abstract A description is provided for Pestalotiopsis mangiferae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Mangifera indica; also on Anacardium occidentale, Combretum decandrum, Eucalyptus spp., Mimusops spp., Vitis vinifera and many other unrelated host plants. DISEASE: Grey leaf spot of Mangifera indica. The spots vary in size from a few mm to several cm in length, are usually sharply delimited by a dark, raised border, and are silvery grey above and grey to brown below; leaf spots on other hosts are similar. Brown spot or rot of mango fruits is also known. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia; Bangladesh, Brunei, Burma, Hong Kong, India, Malaysia, Nepal, Sabah, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka; Australia; Dominican Republic; Venezuela. TRANSMISSION: Inoculation studies with conidia and mycelium have shown P. mangiferae to be a weak parasite, capable of infecting young injured leaves, injured fruits, older uninjured leaves and healthy fruits if in contact with diseased tissue (35, 378; 40, 421). It has been isolated from soil, but the possibility of transmission through soil has not been investigated.

Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Saddler
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Large Firm ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Natural Host ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Infected Seed ◽  
Leaf Spots

Abstract A description is provided for Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Citrullus lanatus is the natural host. Cucumis melo (61, 1997) has also been noted and other members of the Cucurbitaceae can produce symptoms following inoculation. DISEASE: Two distinct symptoms have been observed: 1) leaf spots, forming water-soaked lesions on the cotyledons of seedlings; 2) watermelon fruit blotch, forming large, firm, water-soaked lesions with irregular margins on fruit. As lesions age on fruit the periderm can crack and bacterial ooze is produced. The pathogen is thought to enter the fruit through stomata; immature fruits in particular are infected (Frankle et al., 1993). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Guam, Tinian, (possibly Malaysia and Indonesia, IMI records), USA (AR, DE, Florida, GA, IW, IN, MD, NC, SC). TRANSMISSION: The spread of seedling blight appears to be seed borne (Sowell & Schaad, 1979). No information on the spread of watermelon fruit blotch exists at present, though dissemination by infected seed seems likely.

Xanthomonas ampelina. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Stunted Growth ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Considerable Spread

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas ampelina. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Vitis vinifera. DISEASE: Bacterial blight of the grapevine, 'Tsilik marasi' in Greece; 'Maladie d'Oleron' in France, 'Vlamsiekte' in South Africa. In early spring, buds on infected spurs fail to open or make stunted growth which eventually dies. Affected spurs often appear slightly swollen because of hyperplasia of the cambial tissue. Cracks appear along such spurs, become deeper and longer, forming cankers. Young shoots may develop pale yellowish-green spots on the lowest internodes. These expand upwards on the shoot, darken, crack and develop into cankers. Cracks and, later, cankers also form on more woody branches later in spring. In summer, cankers are often seen on the sides of petioles, causing a characteristic one-sided necrosis of the leaf. They may also appear on main and secondary flower and fruit stalks. Leaf spots and marginal necrosis occur sometimes. Gum formation is not necessarily a symptom. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Greece, France and South Africa (51, 551). The symptoms have been reported from other countries and attributed to Erwinia vitivora, which is now thought to be synonymous with E. herbicola (CMI Descript. 232). Such reports have come from Italy, Sicily, Spain, Portugal, Switzerland, Austria, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Tunisia, Canary Islands and Argentina (31, 105; Du Plessis, 1940; Panagopoulos, 1969). Many of these records are almost certainly of X. ampelina. TRANSMISSION: Most information is based on observational data rather than on experiments. Bacteria overwinter in the vines, emerge, probably in spring and are carried to healthy shoots, most probably in wind and rain. Wounds may facilitate entry but are not needed for primary infection. Considerable spread can occur in propagating material, by grafting and by pruning knives. More knowledge should be gained now that the true pathogen is known.

Pseudomonas oryzicola. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Windy Weather

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudomonas oryzicola. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Oryza sativa. Khu (43, 1019) reports that it also attacks more than 30 other species of wild and cultivated Gramineae. DISEASE: Bacterial browning, brown spot, or brusone of rice. Greyish-green diffuse areas appear on the sheaths of the panicle; they turn brown, then reddish-brown, black and finally dry up and die. Panicles become infected as they emerge, while stems, seeds and, exceptionally, the leaves may be infected. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Hungary, E. and N.E. China (43, 736), and Japan (44, 2139; the name in the penultimate line of this abstract should be P. oryzicola). TRANSMISSION: No detailed information. Klement states that wet, windy weather favours spread, suggesting transmission in rain splashes.

Pyrenochaeta oryzae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Punithalingam. Punithalingam.
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Infected Leaf ◽  
Nephotettix Virescens ◽  
Wet Weather

Abstract A description is provided for Pyrenochaeta oryzae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Oryza sativa. DISEASE: Sheath blotch of rice or known in Japanese as 'Yosho-kappanbyo' meaning sheath brown spot (Hashioka, 1972). The macroscopic symptoms are large brown lesions on leaf sheaths. At first lesions start from the margin of a sheath as dark brown oblong blotches which enlarge, become bluish-grey, finally covering the entire sheath. Lesions may reach up to 10 cm in length and often appear at the junction of sheath and leaf blade just below the collar without causing the collar to break. When dry the affected part of the sheath turns greyish-brown with or without distinct brown margins. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Sierra Leone, Swaziland); Asia (Burma, China, India, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand); Australasia & Oceania (Fiji, Solomon Islands). TRANSMISSION: Presumably dispersed in the crop by splash-liberated conidia from infected leaf sheaths and glumes during wet weather. Lesions on leaves also appear at the site of oviposition of the green hopper, Nephotettix bipunctatus[Nephotettix virescens] (Hashioka, 1972).

Pyrenophora avenae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Secondary Spread ◽  
Leaf Stripe ◽  
Blight Of Oats

Abstract A description is provided for Pyrenophora avenae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Oats (Avena spp.). DISEASE: Leaf stripe, blotch or spot and seedling blight of oats. Seed-borne infection produces a range of seedling symptoms from pre-emergence death to slight spotting or streaking of coleoptiles. Mycelial infection of emerging leaves causes distortion and spotting. Inoculum from primary leaves causes secondary spread to upper leaves, producing light reddish-brown irregular streaks or blotches. Spikelet drop (42, 543) and stem-break (36, 641) may also occur when the disease is severe. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread; occurs throughout most oat-growing areas. CMI Map 105, ed. 2, 1966, and in addition in Queensland, Egypt, Angola and Colombia. TRANSMISSION: Primary infection appears to be entirely by seed-borne inoculum, either as conidia or more particularly as mycelium in the outer layers of the seed. Secondary infection is by air-borne conidia. Soil-borne inoculum appears to be unimportant.

Cercostigmina protearum var. protearum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Brown Leaf

Abstract A description is provided for Cercostigmina protearum var. protearum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Causing round or sometimes irregular, pale brown or greyish-brown leaf spots 5-17 mm diameter. HOSTS: Leucospermum conocarpum, Protea. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne conidia. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: South Africa.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document