Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. batatas. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Holliday
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Soil P ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Race 2 ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Water Melon

Abstract A description is provided for Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. batatas. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Ipomoea batatas. DISEASE: An important wilt disease of sweet potato in U.S.A. but apparently of little importance in the tropics. Interveinal yellowing of the leaves is followed by distortion and stunting and the old leaves fall. There is extensive vascular necrosis which may appear purplish below soil level; the cortex may rupture. Infected tubers may rot in storage. Fusaria that cause surface rots are probably different (41: 329). The fungus infects the roots of many plants without causing any external symptoms, viz. cabbage, cotton, cowpea, maize, okra potato, sage, snap bean, soyabean, tobacco, tomato and water melon (28: 189; 37: 593). But race 2 causes wilt in Burley and flue cured tobacco (38: 421). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: General in U.S.A., especially in the northern range of sweet potato production, including the Pacific coast and western states (40: 511). Also reported from Africa (Malawi); Asia (China, Formosa, India, Japan) Australasia & Oceania (Hawaii, New Zealand). TRANSMISSION: Through plant material and by any means through soil.

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. batatas. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brayford
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Vascular Wilt ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Infected Plant Material

Abstract A description is provided for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. batatas. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato), Nicotiana (tobacco). The fungus may infect a wide range of other plants in Convolvulaceae (63, 1065) and other families, sometimes without causing wilt symptoms. DISEASE: Vascular wilt, sometimes called stem rot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Brazil (62, 525), China, Hawaii, India, Japan, Malawi, New Zealand. The disease occurs in temperate rather than tropical regions. TRANSMISSION: The fungus may survive in soil for many years as chlamydospores. Transmission may occur by means of infected plant material used for propagation, or through contaminated soil.

Rhizopus stolonifer. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Sarbhoy
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Artocarpus Integrifolia

Abstract A description is provided for Rhizopus stolonifer. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On fruits: papaya, plum, strawberry, sweet potato, cotton, groundnuts and in rhizosphere soil of various plants, soil and decaying leaves. DISEASE: Causing fruit rot of plum, Jak fruit (Artocarpus integrifolia[Artocarpus integer]), strawberry ('leak'), peach and a rot of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and cotton bolls. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide. TRANSMISSION: Air-borne and also by fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster, associated with decaying fruit (RAM 43, 576).

Streptomyces ipomoeae. [Distribution map].

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
North America ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Streptomyces ipomoeae (Person & W. J. Martin) Waksm. & Henrici. Hosts: Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). Information is given on the geographical distribution in NORTH AMERICA, USA (general from New Jersey to Florida, Tex and Iowa, also Arizona, California).

Pseudocercospora timorensis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Little
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Brown Leaf Spot ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Brown Leaf

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudocercospora timorensis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato), I. biloba, I. campanulata, I. cordofana, I. muricata, I. peltata, I. setifera.DISEASE: Leaf spot or brown leaf spot of sweet potato. Small circular lesions first form on the leaf borders and tips before spreading over the leaf surface. These leaf spots enlarge becoming brown to dark brown in colour with a verruculose surface. The larger leaf veins may delimit the spots. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: most countries; Asia: Hong-Kong, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Taiwan; Australasia: Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands; North America: West Indies (St Lucia). TRANSMISSION: Presumably by wind-borne and water-splash dispersed conidia.

Cylas brunneus. [Distribution map].

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Cylas Brunneus ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Cylas brunneus (Olivier) Coleoptera: Brentidae Hosts: Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Burundi, Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Togo, Uganda.

Fusarium semitectum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Tropical Crops ◽  
Fusarium Semitectum ◽  
Rice Water ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Water Melon

Abstract A description is provided for Fusarium semitectum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: avocado, banana, coffee, cotton, flax, maize, marrow, Phaseolus, soyabean, rice, water melon, wheat. DISEASE: Its major economic importance is as a storage rot of tropical crops. However, there are many references to its occurrence as a parasite or wound parasite: avocado (46, 2289), banana (50, 1898; 54, 22c; 4051), coffee (52, 410), cotton (54, 1754), flax (47, 3457; 48, 1198), maize (55, 3133), marrow (50, 3353), Phaseolus (52, 1325), soyabean (52, 1330), water melon (51, 980), wheat (46, 2132) and rice (55, 218). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Extremely widespread and common in the tropics and subtropics but also found in Mediterranean and occasionally in temperate regions. TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne and seed-borne (46, 456), and by harvesting knives.

Coleosporium ipomoeae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Laundon
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
American Continent ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
The West ◽  
Far North

Abstract A description is provided for Coleosporium ipomoeae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Pycnia and aecia on several species of Pinus (especially southern pines), uredial aecia and telia on several genera of the Convolvulaceae (Argyreia, Convolvulus, Ipomoea and Jacquemontia). DISEASES: Orange rust of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). One of the needle rusts of pines. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Probably widespread in the warmer regions of the American continent and the West Indies. Recorded on Ipomoea spp. other than sweet potato as far north as Illinois, Ohio and New Jersey. Not recorded in western states of USA or outside the western hemisphere. TRANSMISSION: Transmission of the Coleosporium rusts in Florida has been described by Weber (23: 245). Short-lived basidiospores, which rarely travel more than 1.6 km in a viable condition, infect pine needles during late summer and autumn probably through the stomata. The aeciospores formed in the spring are very resistant and can travel long distances to infect the alternate host by direct penetration of the cuticle.

scholarly journals ASSESSING THE EFFICIENCY OF SWEET POTATO PRODUCERS IN THE SOUTHERN REGION OF ETHIOPIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
ADUGNA JOTE ◽  
SHIFERAW FELEKE ◽  
ADANE TUFA ◽  
VICTOR MANYONG ◽  
THOMAS LEMMA
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Allocative Efficiency ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Current Utilization

SUMMARYApplying stochastic frontier Cobb–Douglas production function, the study assessed the efficiency of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) producers in the Southern region of Ethiopia. The study revealed the existence of fairly large technical inefficiency in sweet potato production. The technical efficiency ranged from 12.6 to 93.7%, with more than half of the producers above the mean efficiency level (66.1%). This suggests that there is room for output gains through technical efficiency improvement. If the average producers in the study region are to achieve the technical efficiency level of the most efficient producer in the sample (93.7%), they can realize nearly 30% output gains. The analysis of allocative efficiency also revealed that sweet potato producers were producing sweet potato with sub-optimal utilization of production inputs, suggesting that potential for output gains remains to be exploited through reconfiguration of the existing resource use. They can make more value out of their sweet potato production by reconfiguring their current utilization of production inputs in favour of more land and manure but less seed rate. Furthermore, age and education are important determinants of the efficiency of sweet potato production. In view of these findings, it is advisable to put in place appropriate extension intervention programmes that enable sweet potato producers to exploit the potential gains in sweet potato output through technical and allocative efficiency improvement.

scholarly journals THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF GROWING SWEET POTATO (IPOMOEA BATATAS L. [LAM.]) IN POLISH SOIL AND CLIMATE CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol XXII (2) ◽  
pp. 99-110
Author(s):  
Barbara Krochmal-Marczak ◽  
Barbara Sawicka ◽  
Bernadetta Bienia ◽  
Małgorzata Górka ◽  
Olutosin A. Otekunrin
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Climate Conditions

The aim of this research was to determine the economic efficiency of sweet potato production in Polish conditions (49°49′ N, 21°50′ E). The study was based on the results of a 3-year (2017–2019) field experiment conducted in slightly acidic brown earth. The experiment used the random subblocks method, in which the main experimental factors were cultivation technologies: A) traditional, with no cover, B) with the use of PP spunbond nonwoven. Secondary factors included 5 cultivars of sweet potato of all earliness classes (Goldstar, Carmen Rubin, Satsumo Imo, Beauregard, White Triumph). Constant organic and mineral fertilization was used, and cultivation was carried out in accordance with normal agricultural practice. The propagating material included rooted cuttings of sweet potato from in vitro propagation, planted with 50 x 75 cm spacing. The economic effect of production was determined by all experimental factors. The profitability of production was increased by the use of PP spunbond nonwoven. The most beneficial economic factors were achieved when growing the Beauregard cultivar, and the least – when growing White Triumph. The largest cost of sweet potato commercial production were sweet potato cuttings, which amounted to 56%, and the smallest – plant protection products – 1% of direct costs per 1 ha of crops. Sweet potato production in Polish soil and climate conditions between 2017–2019 turned out to be cost-effective.

scholarly journals Human Discovery and Settlement of the Remote Easter Island (SE Pacific)

Quaternary ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentí Rull
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
Easter Island ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Dietary Analysis ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Future Work

The discovery and settlement of the tiny and remote Easter Island (Rapa Nui) has been a classical controversy for decades. Present-day aboriginal people and their culture are undoubtedly of Polynesian origin, but it has been debated whether Native Americans discovered the island before the Polynesian settlement. Until recently, the paradigm was that Easter Island was discovered and settled just once by Polynesians in their millennial-scale eastward migration across the Pacific. However, the evidence for cultivation and consumption of an American plant—the sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)—on the island before the European contact (1722 CE), even prior to the Europe-America contact (1492 CE), revived controversy. This paper reviews the classical archaeological, ethnological and paleoecological literature on the subject and summarizes the information into four main hypotheses to explain the sweet potato enigma: the long-distance dispersal hypothesis, the back-and-forth hypothesis, the Heyerdahl hypothesis, and the newcomers hypothesis. These hypotheses are evaluated in light of the more recent evidence (last decade), including molecular DNA phylogeny and phylogeography of humans and associated plants and animals, physical anthropology (craniometry and dietary analysis), and new paleoecological findings. It is concluded that, with the available evidence, none of the former hypotheses may be rejected and, therefore, all possibilities remain open. For future work, it is recommended to use the multiple working hypotheses framework and the strong inference method of hypothesis testing, rather than the ruling theory approach, very common in Easter Island research.

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