Periconia circinata. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Periconia Circinata ◽  
Dough Stage ◽  
As If

Abstract A description is provided for Periconia circinata. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Sorghum and Triticum spp. DISEASE: First found on stubble of wheat plants affected by foot rot in France, later isolated from wheat roots in England, best known, however, as the causal organism of milo disease of sorghum in U.S.A. Roots of susceptible sorghum plants are badly rotted and seedlings stunted, leaves tend to curl as if affected by drought. Crowns of diseased plants when split show a dark red discoloration. Plants may die as seedlings with the roots completely rotted or they may grow on though stunted until the time of heading when they begin to show signs of firing; the heads do not develop fully and the plants die just when grain of resistant plants is at the hard-dough stage. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: England, France, U.S.A. (CMI Map 282, 1953). TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne.

Periconia macrospinosa. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Rauwolfia Serpentina ◽  
Periconia Macrospinosa

Abstract A description is provided for Periconia macrospinosa. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Sorghum spp. ; also from wheat, roots of Chenopopodium album and red clover, rhizospheres of sugarcane, wheat and Rauwolfia serpentina and from soil. DISEASE: This species, which has been confused with P. circinata the causal organism of milo disease of sorghum, was shown to be non-pathogenic by Lefebvre, Johnson & Sherwin (1949). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Canada, England, France, Hong Kong, India, U.S.A. TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne.

Gibberella zeae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Water Droplets ◽  
Ascospore Discharge ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract A description is provided for Gibberella zeae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Wheat, maize, barley, carnations and other ornamentals; also reported infecting Lycopersicon, Pisum, Trifolium and Solanum DISEASE: Seedling blight, pre-emergence and post-emergence blight, root and foot rot, brown rot, culm decay, head or kernel blight (scab or ear scab) of wheat, maize, barley and other cereals. Leaf and flower rot of carnations and other ornamentals. Also reported infecting species of Lycopersicon, Pisum, Trifolium and Solanum. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide on maize and rice in the tropics. Wheat, oats, barley and rye in temperate regions. TRANSMISSION: By planting infected or infested seeds or by planting in infested soil. Secondary infection occurs widely by water droplets under moist conditions or by ascospore discharge.

Pythium intermedium. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract A description is provided for Pythium intermedium. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On a wide range of hosts represented by the following families: Begoniaceae, Bromeliaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Coniferae, Cruciferae, Euphorbiaceae, Geraniaceae, Gramineae, Leguminosae, Liliaceae, Linaceae, Moraceae, Onagraceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, Solanaceae, Ulmaceae, Violaceae; also in the Equisetales and Filicales. DISEASES: Damping-off of seedlings, foot rot and root rot of ornamentals, occasionally of crop plants and trees. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (China); Australia & Oceania (Hawaii); Europe (England, Belgium, France, Germany, Holland, Sweden, U.S.S.R.); North America (U.S.A.); South America (Argentina). TRANSMISSION: A common soil inhabitant.

Wojnowicia hirta. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
New South ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Black Spots ◽  
Mode Of Transmission

Abstract A description is provided for Wojnowicia hirta. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Cereals and grasses (Agropyron, Avena, Bromus, Calamagrostis, Calamovilfa, Dacrylis, Distichlis, Elymus, Festuca, Hordeum, Koeleria, Phleum, Poa, Secale, Sorghastrum, Sorghum, Spartina, Stipa, Triticum). DISEASE: Secondary foot rot or root rot of cereals and grasses. Also referred to as rot of mature straw. Rot of cereals and grasses is very common (5, 223; 6, 272; 7, 370; 11, 503; 12, 685; 16, 242; 48, 120; 1602) and considered to be of definite economic importance (Sprague, 1950). In France infected wheat plants have been reported to become etiolated and progressively shrivelled without producing lesions (4, 662). As the disease progresses, cells at the base of the culms were claimed to collapse resulting in the breaking of the stems and general lodging of plants in infected areas (5, 223; 12, 685). Subsequently pycnidia were reported appearing on lower leaf-sheaths above and below the soil line (1, 288). Sometimes affected wheat plants have been found to show discolouration of culm bases and roots (5, 223), or dark brown to black spots and streaks on the stem which are partly superficial (7, 370, Sprague, 1935). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Morocco, South Africa, Tunisia); Asia (Turkey); Australasia and Oceania (Australia, New South Wales, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia); Europe (Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Finland, France, Germany, Irish Republic, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Rumania, Spain, Switzerland, UK, USSR); North America (Canada, Alberta, Saskatchewan; USA, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Dakota, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming). TRANSMISSION: Infected soil has been found to be the chief mode of transmission where stubble has been ploughed under (3, 191). It has also been reported that W. hirta occurs on culms overwintered in the field usually at the 2nd node (9, 639-641).

Pythium butleri. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Citrullus Vulgaris ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Ginger Rhizome

Abstract A description is provided for Pythium butleri. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Capsicum annuum, Carica papaya, Citrullus vulgaris, Cucumis pepo, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana tabacum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Ricinus communis (on inoculation), Zingiber officinalis. DISEASES: Foot rot of papaw; soft rot of ginger rhizome; damping-off of tobacco, tomato and chill); cottony rot of cucurbits (plants and fruits) and stem and pod rot of string-bean. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Equatorial and West); Asia (India) and North America (U.S.A.). TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne but may be propagated in diseased planting material in the case of ginger rhizomes.

Setosphaeria pedicellata. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Wheat Roots

Abstract A description is provided for Setosphaeria pedicellata. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Echinocloa, Oryza, Triticum, Zea. It can also infect Paspalum dilatum, Setaria lutescens and Sorghum halepense (46: 2000). DISEASE: The anamorph is associated with dark brown lesions on wheat roots and root rot of maize (46: 2000; 48: 1671) but is only weakly parasitic. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Egypt, India, Pakistan, USA, South Africa. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne conidia.

Phytophthora richardiae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hall
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Main Root ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Zantedeschia Aethiopica ◽  
Calla Lily

Abstract A description is provided for Phytophthora richardiae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Asparagus sp., Daucus carota, Lycopersicon esculentum, Zantedeschia aethiopica, Z. aethiopica var. minor. DISEASE: Tuber rot of calla filly; foot rot of tomato; spear rot of asparagus; a facultatively necrotrophic plant pathogen. Symptoms on calla lily are: a yellow discoloration of the outer parts of leaves, slowly spreading over the entire leaf, then affecting inner leaves. Flowers are small, and, roots which are readily broken, only small pieces remaining attached to the tuber. In tomato, the disease symptoms are dieback of the main root and greying and hollowing of the stem base (46, 1335). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia; Philippines. Australasia & Oceania; Australia (NSW). Europe Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Netherlands, UK (England, N. Ireland). North America; USA (California, Florida, Indiana, Illinois, Maine, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Washington State). See IMI Distribution Map No. 171. TRANSMISSION: Not known, but presumably by zoospores in wet soil. The role of oospores is unknown, but presumably they act as perennating structures.

Setosphaeria rostrata. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Anahosur
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Leaf Spots

Abstract A description is provided for Setosphaeria rostrata. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On graminicolous hosts and on Amaryllis, Carica, Cucumis, Jasminum, Nicotiana and from soil. DISEASE: Causes leaf spots, foot rot of wheat (56, 2446), seedling blight of Cynodon (46, 2051), leaf blight of Eleusine (46, 1263), damping-off of sugarcane seedlings (50, 1562l), stalk rot (53, 2167) and ear rot of maize, blackening of seeds and seed germination failure (34, 91; 51, 2435). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Mauritius, Nigeria, S. Africa, Sudan); Asia (China, India, Israel, Pakistan); Central America (Puerto Rico); Europe (Denmark); North America (USA). TRANSMISSION: The fungus is soil-borne and can survive saprophytically for a long period (43, 398). Also seed transmissible (51, 2435). Conidia are produced abundantly in moist conditions and are dispersed by wind and rain, and act as a source of primary infection. Many grasses and weeds act as collateral hosts (39, 321).

Cochliobolus sativus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Young Leaf ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Variable Size ◽  
Black Point ◽  
Dark Green

Abstract A description is provided for Cochliobolus sativus. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On grasses including cereals (barley, oats, rye, wheat) and other plants. DISEASE: Spot blotch or foot and root rot of temperate cereals. On barley dark brown, lenticular spots of variable size form on the young leaf sheaths; post emergence death may occur. Surviving infected plants can be dwarfed, dark green, erect and tiller excessively. Conidia spread infection; blackish spotting occurs on the nodes, glumes and grain (black point). In foot rot, especially on wheat, the stem bases have rust brown streaks and blotches. Roots show brown spotting or a more general necrosis; their development is reduced and they may break off at the crown. Tillers are killed, survivors become stunted; the spike only partly emerges and grain is shrivelled. In the field foot rot results in patches of stunted plants. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread (CMI Map 322, ed 3, 1974). TRANSMISSION: The fungus occurs on seed (49, 2834; 50, 637; 53, 2978, 3454; 56, 2458; 57, 500, 1142, 4422; 58, 220; 59, 5098). It is also soil-borne (see below) and spreads from volunteer plants and other hosts, and by air dispersed conidia(58, 1213).

Cylindrocarpon olidum var. crassum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brayford
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Foot Rot

Abstract A description is provided for Cylindrocarpon olidum var. crassum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Cleistocactus, Mammillaria, Opuntia, Zygocactus. DISEASE: Foot rot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe: Germany. TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne; slimy conidia are probably dispersed by water.

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