Absidia ramosa. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Sarbhoy
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Airborne Spores ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Human Ear ◽  
Characteristic Component ◽  
Farm Buildings ◽  
P 53

Abstract A description is provided for Absidia ramosa. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: A common saprophyte in soil, compost, and vegetable debris but also pathogenic for man and warm-blooded animals (causing mycoses). DISEASES: This species is a common cause of phycomycosis (syn. mucormycosis). It has been recorded from the human ear, the horse (nose) and swine (generalized infection); see Dodge (1936, p. 113). In cattle it is a cause of mycotic abortion (Ainsworth & Austwick, 1959, p. 53) and has been recorded from the rumen (RMVM 4, 1850) and causing abomasal ulcers (Gitter & Austwick, 1957). Infection of the guineapig results in an enlargement of the lymph nodes which simulates pseudotuberculosis (2, 1721; Ainsworth & Austwick, 1959, p. 48). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide. TRANSMISSION: Infection occurs from airborne spores which are a characteristic component of the airspora of farm buildings.

Absidia corymbifera. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Sarbhoy
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Airborne Spores ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Absidia Corymbifera ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Characteristic Component ◽  
Farm Buildings ◽  
P 53

Abstract A description is provided for Absidia corymbifera. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: A common saprophyte in soil, compost and vegetable debris but also pathogenic for man and warm-blooded animals (causing mycoses). DISEASES: This species is a common cause of phycomycosis (syn. 'mucormycosis'). Infection in man may involve the central nervous system (RMVM 1, 341), ear (1, 473) or lung (5, 159); see also Dodge (1936), p. 112; Emmons et al. (1963), p. 194. In cattle it is a cause of mycotic abortion (Ainsworth & Austwick (1959), p. 53; 4, 507) and has been recorded in the rumen (4, 1850), causing abomasal ulcers (Gitter & Austwick, 1959) and also lymph node infection (3, 134). In the guineapig, A. corymbifera can cause an enlargement of the lymph nodes which simulates pseudotuberculosis (2, 1721; Ainsworth & Austwick (1959), p. 48). Infection of mink, fowl (Ainsworth & Austwick (1959), pp. 48-49) and the pig (3, 1249) have been recorded, as has experimental infection of mice (2, 1917). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide. TRANSMISSION: Infection occurs from airborne spores which are a characteristic component of the airspora of farm buildings.

Mucor pusillus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Lunn
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Mushroom Compost ◽  
Storage Pests ◽  
Subsequent Loss

Abstract A description is provided for Mucor pusillus[Rhizomucor pusillus]. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On soil, air, mushroom compost, stored barley, fermenting cacao, bagasse, birds' nests and pathogenic to man and other warm-blooded animals (causing mycoses). DISEASE: Plants: causes storage rot and subsequent loss of stored grain which can be controlled by preventing heating of grain by adequate drying and ventilation and prevention of storage pests which often initiate heating and subsequent moulding. Man and animals: A commonly reported cause of phycomycosis in man and other warm blooded animals. It has been recorded from infections of many organs of the body including the alimentary tract, brain, heart, lungs, lymph nodes and nasopharynx of various hosts. The host range includes man (RMVM 2, 690; 9, 984, 469), cattle (RMVM 9, 473; 10, 1970), dog, harp seal (RMVM 3, 1664), horse (RMVM 3, 1249), pig, sheep (Borodenok, 1961) and wild fowl. It also causes mycotic abortion in cattle. It has been used in studies on experimental phycomycosis in mice (RMVM 3, 1566; 2, 1916), rabbits (RMVM 7, 4027; 2, 690), guineapig (RMVM 2, 690) and fowl (RMVM 7, 863). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Probably world-wide. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne spores.

Mucor pusillus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Sarbhoy
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Human Lung ◽  
Harp Seal ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Rhizomucor Pusillus ◽  
P 53

Abstract A description is provided for Mucor pusillus[Rhizomucor pusillus]. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Common on stored grain and in soil, etc. and also pathogenic for man and animals (causing mycoses). DISEASES: A cause of phycomycosis (syn. 'mucormycosis') in man and animals. Infection of the human lung (RMVM 2, 690), eye (as Absidia cornealis Dodge (1936), p. 114) and ear (Dodge (1936), p. 111) have been recorded. Gitter & Austwick (1957) recorded M. pusillus associated with bovine abomasal ulcers and it is also a cause of mycotic abortion (Ainsworth & Austwick, 1959, p. 53), Austwick & Venn (4, 1506)). There are also published records of infection of the horse and the pig (see Ainsworth & Austwick, pp. 48, 50) and the harp seal (3, 1664). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne spores.

Absidia corymbifera. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Lunn
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Absidia Corymbifera ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissues

Abstract A description is provided for Absidia corymbifera. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: A common saprophyte found in air, soil, compost and vegetable debris; pathogenic for man and other warmblooded animals. DISEASE: This is the most commonly reported cause of phycomycosis in man and other warm-blooded animals (causing mycoses). It has been recorded from infections of most organs of the body, including the alimentary tract, brain, kidneys, lungs, lymph nodes, orbit, sinus, subcutaneous tissues of various hosts. The host range includes man, cattle (RMVM 9, 986), dog (RMVM 7, 215, 216), flamingo (RMVM 6, 1575), fowl, guineapig (RMVM 2, 1721), mink (Ainsworth & Austwick, 1973), okapi (RMVM 6, 575), penguin, pig (RMVM 11, 407), rabbit, reindeer and roedeer. It also causes mycotic abortion and mastitis in cattle. It has been used in studies on experimental phycomycosis in mice (RMVM 11, 954, 1560) and rabbits (RMVM 7, 2628). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne sporangiospores.

Hepatitis B vaccine

1985 ◽  
Vol 23 (13) ◽  
pp. 49-51
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Primary Liver Cancer ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
B Virus

The hepatitis B virus is the most common cause world-wide of acute hepatitis, and also causes chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis1 and primary liver cancer.2 It can now be prevented by a vaccine. How should this best be used?

Beauveria bassiana. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. K. Brady
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Wild Rodents ◽  
Colorado Beetle ◽  
Porthetria Dispar ◽  
New Skin

Abstract A description is provided for Beauveria bassiana. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS & SUBSTRATA: All stages of insects of all groups; lungs of wild rodents, nasal swab of horse; man; giant tortoise. The fungus overwinters in vegetable matter and is found in the soil. DISEASE: The fungus has been known since 1835 as the cause of the muscardine disease of silkworms. Although B. bassiana has multiplied in bees in laboratory tests it has so far not been recorded from bees in nature (Bailey, 1971). According to Wasti & Hartman (1975) penetration of the cuticle of gypsy moth (Porthetria dispar[Lymantria dispar]) larvae takes place 24 h after 2nd instar larvae have crawled over a culture of B. bassiana and within 64h the interior of the insect is completely filled with hyphae. These authors also note penetration of the gut wall. Fargues & Vey (1974), who sprayed conidia on to 3rd instar larvae of Leptinostarsa decemlineata (Colorado beetle), showed that conidia germinate on the surface of the integument, penetrate the loosening skin, and blastospores develop in the moulting fluid, infecting the new integument as it forms. Some individuals cannot finish the moult, in others the delicate new skin ruptures and hyphae enter the haemolymph. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World wide.

Eurotium rubrum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Kozakiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Human Nails

Abstract A description is provided for Eurotium rubrum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: A xerotolerant species with the same host range as E. repens (IMI Sheet 1255). DISEASES: Not known to be a pathogen of animals or man, but the species has been isolated from human nails (Smith, 1989). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide.

Cunninghamella echinulata. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Sarbhoy
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Tropical Countries ◽  
Cunninghamella Echinulata

Abstract A description is provided for Cunninghamella echinulata. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On decaying flowers of Cucurbita pepo, dung and soil. DISEASE: Reported pathogenic to Spanish pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) at Chandigarh and neighbouring villages in the Punjab, India by Grover (1965). Symptoms recognizable when the flowers begin to die off gradually. Diseased flowers do not open properly. Infected flowers are covered with the cottony mycelium of the pathogen and infected fruits may become detached from the plant and continue to rot on the soil. Leaves and stalks are also frequently infected. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide (mostly tropical countries). TRANSMISSION: Air borne; may survive in fragments of mummified pumpkin fruit up to 32 months.

Rhizopus stolonifer. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Sarbhoy
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Artocarpus Integrifolia

Abstract A description is provided for Rhizopus stolonifer. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On fruits: papaya, plum, strawberry, sweet potato, cotton, groundnuts and in rhizosphere soil of various plants, soil and decaying leaves. DISEASE: Causing fruit rot of plum, Jak fruit (Artocarpus integrifolia[Artocarpus integer]), strawberry ('leak'), peach and a rot of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and cotton bolls. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide. TRANSMISSION: Air-borne and also by fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster, associated with decaying fruit (RAM 43, 576).

Erysiphe pisi. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Erysiphe Pisi ◽  
Lens Esculenta

Abstract A description is provided for Erysiphe pisi. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Papilionaceae, chiefly on Pisum, Dorcynium, Medicago and Vicia; also on Lupinus spp., Lens esculenta[Lens culinaris], Trifolium dubium and? Astragalus alpinus (Blumer, 1967). DISEASE: Powdery mildew of pea. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide. TRANSMISSION: Internally seed borne (15: 338).

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