scholarly journals Consistent dietary patterns identified from childhood to adulthood: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 923-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Mikkilä ◽  
L. Räsänen ◽  
O.T. Raitakari ◽  
P. Pietinen ◽  
J. Viikari
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Nutritional Epidemiology ◽  
Young Finns Study

Dietary patterns are useful in nutritional epidemiology, providing a comprehensive alternative to the traditional approach based on single nutrients. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study is a prospective cohort study with a 21-year follow-up. At baseline, detailed quantitative information on subjects' food consumption was obtained using a 48 h dietary recall method (n1768, aged 3–18 years). The interviews were repeated after 6 and 21 years (n1200 andn1037, respectively). We conducted a principal component analysis to identify major dietary patterns at each study point. A set of two similar patterns was recognised throughout the study. Pattern 1 was positively correlated with consumption of traditional Finnish foods, such as rye, potatoes, milk, butter, sausages and coffee, and negatively correlated with fruit, berries and dairy products other than milk. Pattern 1 type of diet was more common among male subjects, smokers and those living in rural areas. Pattern 2, predominant among female subjects, non-smokers and in urban areas, was characterised by more health-conscious food choices such as vegetables, legumes and nuts, tea, rye, cheese and other dairy products, and also by consumption of alcoholic beverages. Tracking of the pattern scores was observed, particularly among subjects who were adolescents at baseline. Of those originally belonging to the uppermost quintile of pattern 1 and 2 scores, 41 and 38 % respectively, persisted in the same quintile 21 years later. Our results suggest that food behaviour and concrete food choices are established already in childhood or adolescence and may significantly track into adulthood.

scholarly journals Major dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors from childhood to adulthood. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Mikkilä ◽  
Leena Räsänen ◽  
Olli T. Raitakari ◽  
Jukka Marniemi ◽  
Pirjo Pietinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Young Finns Study

Studies on the impact of single nutrients on the risk of CVD have often given inconclusive results. Recent research on dietary patterns has offered promising information on the effects of diet as a whole on the risk of CVD. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study is an ongoing, prospective cohort study with a 21-year follow-up to date. The subjects were children and adolescents at baseline (3–18 years,n1768) and adults at the latest follow-up study (24–39 years,n1037). We investigated the associations between two major dietary patterns and several risk factors for CVD. In longitudinal analyses with repeated measurements, using multivariate mixed linear regression models, the traditional dietary pattern (characterised by high consumption of rye, potatoes, butter, sausages, milk and coffee) was independently associated with total and LDL cholesterol concentrations, apolipoprotein B and C-reactive protein concentrations among both genders, and also with systolic blood pressure and insulin levels among women and concentrations of homocysteine among men (P < 0·05 for all). A dietary pattern reflecting more health-conscious food choices (such as high consumption of vegetables, legumes and nuts, tea, rye, cheese and other dairy products, and alcoholic beverages) was inversely, but less strongly associated with cardiovascular risk factors. Our results support earlier findings that dietary patterns have a role in the development of CVD.

Examining calorie undernourishment in India: Is it due to choice or inadequacy?

2020 ◽  
pp. 026010602094973
Author(s):  
Udaya S Mishra ◽  
Balakrushna Padhi ◽  
Rinju
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Food Expenditure ◽  
Lower Magnitude ◽  
Common Understanding

Background: Calorie undernourishment is often associated with poverty but India presents a unique scene of decline in money-metric poverty and rise in calorie deprivation. Existing literature has varied explanation towards this effect. However, neither are the poor entirely calorie compromised nor do all the non-poor qualify calorie compliance. Aim: This is an attempt at verifying whether calorie undernourishment is a result of choice of food basket or the inadequacy of food expenditure. Method: An answer to this question is attempted with the exploration of data obtained from the National Sample Survey Organization’s Consumption Expenditure of Indian households for the periods 2004–2005 and 2011–2012. Results: Findings reveal that over the last one decade, the average per capita per day calorie intakes have slightly increased from 2040.55 Kcal in 2004–2005 to 2087.33 Kcal in 2011–2012, which has led to the increased share of well-nourished households from 20.21% in the 61st round to 22.78% in the 68th round of survey in rural areas, whereas the similar increase in urban areas is from 36.1% to 40.65%. Conclusions: Calorie undernourishment among the non-poor is observed that calorie undernourishment, if any, among the non-poor is entirely due to choice but the same among the poor has a divide between choice and inadequacy. The urban poor are calorie compromised more due to choice rather than inadequacy as against their rural counterparts. With higher poverty, calorie, non-compliance among the poor is more due to choice when compared with lower magnitude of poverty. These observations form a basis for contesting the common understanding that calorie compromise is entirely driven by inadequacy/incapacity of food expenditure. could be viewed in terms of the food choices made, especially among the poor while setting the minimum threshold of food expenditure to be calorie compliant.

scholarly journals Are parental dietary patterns associated with children’s overweight and obesity in China?

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisheng Tang ◽  
Tao Bu ◽  
Xuefan Dong
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background It is believed that parents have a great influence on their children’s dietary behaviours. However, it is not clear whether parental food patterns are associated with children’s nutritional status in China, which includes a vast territory with rich, diverse cultures. The goal of this project is to systematically study the associations between parental food intake and children’s overweight and obesity in China, according to children’s ages and regional differences. Methods Based on individual food consumption data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) package in 2011, cross-sectional studies have previously been conducted to analyse the association between different categories of food intake of parents and children. The current study extends this research by directly. Results Our analysis results show that parental food intake is highly correlated with children’s food intake, with the estimated coefficients of most food intake categories being greater than 0.5. Furthermore, this association between parental food intake and children’s overweight and obesity is most significant in young children, but it begins to weaken in relation to children aged between 13 and 18. Additionally, the associations between parental food intake and children’s overnutrition are more significant in rural areas than they are in urban areas. Conclusions The association between parental food intake and childhood overweight and obesity is significant, although it varies considerably according to food categories, children’s ages and area differences. These results show promise for intervening in the overnutrition of children by controlling household dietary patterns according to children’s developmental stages and regional differences.

scholarly journals Rurality and dietary patterns: associations in a UK cohort study of 10-year-old children

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1436-1443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim T Morris ◽  
Kate Northstone
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Group ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Components Analysis

AbstractObjectiveDespite differences in obesity and ill health between urban and rural areas in the UK being well documented, very little is known about differences in dietary patterns across these areas. The present study aimed to examine whether urban/rural status is associated with dietary patterns in a population-based UK cohort study of children.DesignDietary patterns were obtained using principal components analysis and cluster analysis of 3 d diet records collected from children at 10 years of age. Rurality was obtained from the 2001 UK Census urban/rural indicator at the time of dietary assessment. General linear models were used to examine the relationship between rurality and dietary pattern scores from principal components analysis; multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the association between rurality and dietary clusters.SettingThe Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), South West England.SubjectsChildren (n 5677) aged 10 years (2817 boys and 2860 girls).ResultsAfter adjustment, increases in rurality were associated with increased scores on the ‘health awareness’ dietary pattern (β=0·35; 95 % CI 0·14, 0·56; P<0·001 for the most rural compared with the most urban group) and lower scores on the ‘packed lunch/snack’ dietary pattern (β=−0·39; 95 % CI −0·59, −0·19; P<0·001 for the most rural compared with the most urban group). The odds ratio for participants being in the ‘healthy’ compared with the ‘processed’ dietary cluster for the most rural areas was 1·61 (95 % CI 1·05, 2·49; P=0·02) compared with those in the most urban areas.ConclusionsThere is evidence to suggest that differences exist in dietary patterns between rural and urban areas. Similar results were found using two different methods of dietary pattern analysis, showing that children residing in rural households were more likely to consume healthier diets than those in urban households.

Adult-type hypolactasia is not a predisposing factor for the early functional and structural changes of atherosclerosis: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 115 (9) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terho Lehtimäki ◽  
Nina Hutri-Kähönen ◽  
Mika Kähönen ◽  
Jukka Hemminki ◽  
Vera Mikkilä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Adult Type ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products ◽  
Young Finns Study

Individuals suffering from ATH (adult-type hypolactasia), defined by the LCT (gene encoding lactase-phlorizin hydrolase) C/C−13910 genotype (rs4988235), use less milk and dairy products and may have higher plasma HDL (high-density lipoprotein) and lower triacylglycerol (triglyceride) concentrations than their counterparts without ATH. To investigate the effects of ATH status on the early markers of atherosclerosis, we examined its association with CIMT (carotid intima-media thickness), CAC (carotid artery compliance) and brachial artery FMD (flow-mediated dilation) in a young population-based cohort of otherwise healthy individuals. As part of the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study, we performed CIMT, CAC and FMD analyses, LCT C/T−13910 genotyping and risk factor determination in 2109 young subjects 24–39 years of age (45% males) at the time of the examination. The consumption of both milk and dairy products was lowest and the consumption of alcohol highest in subjects with the C/C−13910 genotype (P<0.001 for all) in comparison with subjects without ATH (TT+CT). In multivariate analysis, no significant association between ATH status and CIMT, CAC or brachial artery FMD was found after adjustment for the use of alcohol, dairy products and all other major risk factors of coronary artery disease. In otherwise similar statistical analysis, the results remained non-significant when females and males were analysed in their own groups. In conclusion, the finding does not support the involvement of ATH in the pathogenesis of early atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Study regarding the use of gymnastics - related alternative methods during the physical education class

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 01014
Author(s):  
Talaghir Laurentiu-Gabriel ◽  
Stoica Leonard ◽  
Ocak Yucel
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
First Semester ◽  
School Year

The improvement of motor qualities and skills represents the main concern of the Physical Education lesson. In the present paper we present a general motor exercise training routine, designed as an alternative to the traditional approach of the PE lessons. The routine was divided into three components, namely a cross fit exercise routine, an aerobics routine and an acrosport routine. This routine was implemented in the 5th grade syllabus. The test group was represented by 207 pupils, out of which 114 girls (55.07%) and 93 boys (44.93%). Most participants came from rural areas (66.18%) and 33.82% came from urban areas. The routine was implemented during the first semester of the current school year (2017-2018) in one of the two compulsory lessons. The topics from the traditional PE lesson were replaced by the proposed routines and used alternatively. The assessment consisted of 4 tests from the national assessment system. The results showed significant progress obtained in the final tests for all the 4 trials used (p < 0,001).

scholarly journals Sociodemographic inequalities in cardiovascular risk factors among adolescents from indigenous areas of Chiapas, Mexico

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Flores-Guillen ◽  
Itandehui Castro-Quezada ◽  
Hector Ochoa ◽  
Rosario Garcia-Miranda ◽  
Miguel Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among different sociodemographic and geographic areas of adolescents from indigenous areas of Chiapas, Mexico. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: Communities in the Totzil - Tseltal and Selva region of Chiapas, Mexico, were studied. Urban and rural areas of high marginalization according to the Human Development Index. Participants: 253 adolescents were studied, of which 48.2% were girls and 51.8% were boys. Primary and secondary outcome measures: a descriptive analysis of the quantitative variables was performed through central tendency and dispersion measures. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), stratified by sex, geographic area (rural/urban), schooling and ethnicity of mothers were estimated. Results: the predominant risk factor in the study population was low HDL-c (51%). Higher prevalences of abdominal obesity and high triglycerides in girls were found and abnormal diastolic blood pressure in boys was identified. In urban areas were found greater prevalences of overweight/obesity and of insulin resistance while abnormal blood pressure levels were more prevalent in rural areas. Differences were found in the educational levels and ethnicity of the adolescents' mothers. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 10% according to NCEP-ATPIII. Conclusions: In this study, sociodemographic and geographical disparities were found in cardiovascular risk factors. Prevalence of risk factors was high, affecting mostly girls and urban population. Thus, there is a great need to promote healthy lifestyles and health, social and economic interventions to prevent chronic diseases in adulthood.

The contamination rate of Brucella spp. in unpasteurized dairy products used in urban and rural areas of Hamadan County, west of Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mahdi Majzoobi ◽  
Pezhman Karami ◽  
Amir Khodavirdipour ◽  
Mohammad yousef Alikhani
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
P Value ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Large Ruminant ◽  
The City

Abstract Background: Brucellosis is one of the most prevalent and important zoonotic diseases which is affecting the significant number of livestock and human population. Humans usually infected by Brucella spp. via contaminated milk and dairy products and direct contact with infected animals. This study was conducted to determine the Brucella spp. contamination of cottage dairy products in the rural and urban areas in the city of Hamadan, west of Iran.Results: In this descriptive-analytical study, 291 samples of nonboiling milk (227), fresh cheese (43), and cream (21) were collected from dairy products suppliers at the city center (No=103), villages (No=162), and industrial parks (No=26). We collected 72 samples from sheep and goats and 219 specimens from cattle. Samples were randomly selected from the target centers. The overall contamination rate of collected samples with Brucella spp. found to be 4.1%. Contamination of milk and dairy product in urban areas was 0.9%, rural 6.6%, and dairy farms 0%. Furthermore, the contamination rate varied from 9.7% and 2.5% for small ruminant and large ruminant, respectively, which was considerably significant (P value= 0.01).Conclusions: Due to the higher contamination of milk and dairy product taken from cattle, sheep, and goats it seems that control and prevention programs in sheep and goats must be taken more seriously. Also, since livestock are more kept in rural areas, must lay emphasis on preventive programs including training and hands-on workshops in such areas.

scholarly journals Disparities in Dietary Patterns by Urbanization Among US Adults, 2013–2016 (P04-104-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Herrick ◽  
Cynthia Ogden
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Fruit Intake ◽  
Urbanization Level ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Hispanic Origin

Abstract Objectives Rural populations are generally older, sicker, and poorer than their urban counterparts. Few studies have examined differences in dietary patterns by urbanization that may mirror differences in health by urbanization. Our objective is provide national estimates of dietary patterns among adults by urbanization level. Methods Using a single 24 hour recall from NHANES 2013–2016, we estimated the mean consumption of fruits, vegetables, % of calories from added sugars and % of calories from saturated fats, by age, sex, education, race and Hispanic origin, and urbanization level among US adults aged 20 and over (n = 9939). We used SUDAAN to conduct all analyses and we evaluated differences between groups using a t statistic and tests of trend across ordinal variables using orthogonal contrast matrices. Results During 2013–2016, the average fruit intake (cup equivalence) was 0.9 (SE 0.03) for both men and women. After adjustment by age, education level, and race and Hispanic origin, fruit intake increased with higher level of urbanization, from 0.6 (SE 0.07) in rural areas, to 0.9 (SE 0.05) in medium or small urban areas, to 1.0 (SE 0.04) in large urban areas among men. After adjustment, differences by urbanization were not significant for women. The average % of calories from added sugars on a given day was 12% (SE 0.2) for both men and women. After adjustment, added sugars intake decreased with higher level of urbanization, from 14.0% (SE 0.9) in rural areas, to 12.6% (SE 0.3) in medium to small urban areas, to 12.0% (SE 0.2) in large urban areas among women. A similar pattern was also observed among men. There were no differences in vegetable consumption or % of energy from saturated fat by level of urbanization. Conclusions Disparities in dietary patterns exist by urbanization. Additional research may show how these differences impact health and identify opportunities to improve health in rural communities. Funding Sources The National Center for Health Statistics and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention funded this study.

scholarly journals Migrant youth’s emerging dietary patterns in Haiti: the role of peer social engagement

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1262-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Heckert ◽  
Sandra Boatemaa ◽  
Claire E Altman
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Dietary Preferences ◽  
Urban Migrants ◽  
Migrant Youth ◽  
Urban Migrant

AbstractObjectiveThe present study examines whether rural-to-urban migrant youth consume a greater diversity of high-sugar beverages and fried snacks (HSBFS) compared with their peers who remain in rural areas. It also tests whether the association between migration and HSBFS diversity is moderated by migrant youth’s social engagement with their peers.DesignParticipants were recruited in August and September 2011 following the completion of primary school (6th grade) and shortly before many rural youth migrate to urban areas. Participants were re-interviewed six months later. HSBFS diversity was assessed at follow-up; analyses control for baseline and follow-up characteristics.SettingBaseline interviews occurred in rural Southeast Haiti. Follow-up interviews of migrants occurred at urban destinations in Haiti.SubjectsThe sample includes 215 youth (mean age 15·9 years; 43·3 % female; 21·9 % rural-to-urban migrants) who were interviewed at baseline and follow-up.ResultsRural-to-urban migrant youth consumed a greater diversity of HSBFS products at follow-up than their rural counterparts (b=0·70,P≤0·05). Moreover, we found that this relationship varied by level of peer social engagement. Youth who migrated and had a high degree of peer social engagement consumed 2·2 additional types of HSBFS products daily than their counterparts who remained in rural areas and had low peer social engagement.ConclusionsHigher HSBFS diversity among migrant youth is consistent with the patterns proposed by the nutrition transition. Interactions with peers may have an important influence as migrant youth adopt new dietary preferences. Emerging dietary patterns among youth migrants have important implications for health trajectories and the development of degenerative diseases.

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