Effect of exercise performed immediately before a meal of moderate fat content on postprandial lipaemia

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 683-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoli Petridou ◽  
Nikos Gerkos ◽  
Myrsini Kolifa ◽  
Michalis G. Nikolaidis ◽  
Dimitris Simos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Postprandial Lipaemia ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Triacylglycerol Concentration ◽  
Plasma Triacylglycerol ◽  
Modest Effect

The majority of the studies that have found a lowering effect of exercise on postprandial lipaemia have employed exercise 12–18 h before a test meal of exaggerated fat content (over 60 % total energy). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether this effect is manifest when exercise is performed immediately before a test meal of moderate fat content. Eleven healthy young men cycled for 45 min at 62 % maximal heart rate or rested, and, immediately afterwards, consumed a meal of moderate fat content (35 % total energy, 0·65 g/kg body mass) in a random counterbalanced design. Blood samples were drawn before exercise, before the meal, and for 8 h postprandially. No significant differences were observed in plasma triacylglycerol concentrations and areas under the triacylglycerol concentration v. time curves between exercise and rest, although exercise reduced the postprandial lipaemic response by 17 %. Non-esterified fatty acids, glucose, and insulin did not differ significantly between the trials. In conclusion, moderate exercise performed immediately before a meal of a fat content typical to the Western diet had only a modest effect on postprandial lipaemia.

scholarly journals The glycaemic response to rolled oat is not influenced by the fat content

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 744-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saska Tuomasjukka ◽  
Matti Viitanen ◽  
Heikki Kallio
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Glycaemic Response ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Triacylglycerol Concentration ◽  
Plasma Triacylglycerol ◽  
Healthy Males ◽  
Venous Plasma

Oat is promoted as a low-glycaemic index food. Our aim was to measure the effect of the fat content of oat in glycaemia and insulinaemia and compare it with the effect of wheat. The study design was a double-blind, randomised cross-over study with four treatment segments. Eight healthy males attended four study sessions in which porridge made from four different raw materials was consumed: rolled oat (O), defatted rolled oat (DO), rolled whole wheat (W) or rolled whole wheat with added oat fat (WF). Available carbohydrate content was analysed enzymatically, and was adjusted to 50 g in each test meal. Fat content per meal was either 6·1 g (O, WF) or approximately 1·9 g (W, DO). Venous plasma glucose, insulin and triacylglycerol concentrations were measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 min. All products caused a rapid increase in glucose with a peak at 30 min, where W and WF were significantly higher than O (0 = 0·006). Also insulin peaked at 30 min (no differences). A 4·2 g difference in fat content between O and DO or W and WF did not result in any significant differences in their glycaemia or insulinaemia. W and O did not differ in their overall glycaemic or insulinaemic responses. The removal of two-thirds of oat fat did not affect the postprandial plasma triacylglycerol concentration. The present study shows that neither the glycaemic nor the insulinaemic response to rolled oat is affected by the fat content, and that rolled wheat differed from rolled oat in terms of peak glucose concentration only.

scholarly journals Rapid chylomicron appearance following sequential meals: effects of second meal composition

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 425-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Evans ◽  
Pertti J. Kuusela ◽  
Martha L. Cruz ◽  
Ingrid Wilhelmova ◽  
Barbara A. Fielding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Postprandial Lipaemia ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Balanced Design ◽  
Plasma Triacylglycerol ◽  
Early Peak ◽  
Fat Meal ◽  
Meal Composition

Previous studies have noted the presence of an early postprandial peak in plasma triacylglycerol concentrations following successive fat-rich meals. An earlier study has shown that the triacylglycerol in this early peak originates from a previous meal. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of different second meals on the plasma triacylglycerol response. Six healthy subjects were studied on four occasions each. At 5 h following a fat-rich breakfast they ingested one of the following in a balanced design: a fat-rich meal, a low-fat meal, water or nothing by mouth. Blood samples were taken for 2.5 h following the second meal. An early peak in chylomicron and plasma triacylglycerol concentrations was seen following both low-fat and fat-rich second meals but not following water. During studies investigating postprandial lipaemia, further meals must be avoided, even if they contain no fat, although water may be allowed.

scholarly journals Effect of aerobic exercise on lipaemia and its fatty acid profile after a meal of moderate fat content in eumenorrhoeic women

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 698-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikos Kokalas ◽  
Anatoli Petridou ◽  
Michalis G. Nikolaidis ◽  
Vassilis Mougios
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Postprandial Lipaemia ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Eumenorrhoeic Women

Exercise prior to eating has repeatedly been shown to reduce postprandial lipaemia. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether this effect was manifest in the presence of two factors that independently mitigate postprandial lipaemia: eumenorrhoea and moderate fat intake. Eight healthy eumenorrhoeic rowers consumed a meal of moderate fat content (35% total energy, 0·66g/kg body mass) 14h after having either rowed at 55% of maximal aerobic power (81% of maximal heart rate) for 80min or rested. Both trials were performed during the luteal phase. Blood samples were drawn before the meal and for 8h postprandially for the measurement of individual fatty acids in the triacylglycerol and NEFA fractions, as well as of glucose, insulin and oestradiol. Plasma oestradiol concentrations were not significantly different in the two trials. The postprandial lipaemic response, expressed as either plasma triacylglycerol concentration or area under the triacylglycerol–time curve, was 35% lower (P<0·05) after exercise. The postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses were also lower, indicating increased insulin sensitivity, whereas the NEFA response was higher, suggesting a lower entrapment of dietary fatty acids in adipose tissue after exercise. Finally, exercise increased the proportion of unsaturated:saturated NEFA during the postprandial period. In conclusion, aerobic exercise performed 14h before a moderate-fat meal reduced postprandial lipaemia in women in the luteal phase. This effect shows the potential of exercise to mitigate even moderate lipaemic responses in eumenorrhoeic women.

scholarly journals Handling Associated with Drenching Does Not Impact Survival and General Health of Low Birth Weight Piglets

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 404
Author(s):  
Kevin Van Tichelen ◽  
Sara Prims ◽  
Miriam Ayuso ◽  
Céline Van Kerschaver ◽  
Mario Vandaele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Additional Stress ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Panel Test ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
The Mean

The increase in litter sizes in recent years has resulted in more low birth weight (LBW) piglets, accompanied by a higher mortality. A potential intervention to overcome this is drenching bioactive substances. However, if the act of drenching provokes additional stress in LBW piglets, it might counteract the supplement’s effect and be detrimental for the piglet’s survival. To study the effect of the drenching act, piglets from 67 sows were weighed within 4 h after birth. The mean litter birth weight (MLBW) and standard deviation (SD) were calculated. LBW piglets (n = 76) were defined as weighing between (MLBW-1*SD) and (MLBW-2.5*SD). They were randomly allocated to two treatments: “sham” (conducting the act of drenching by inserting an empty 2.5 mL syringe in the mouth during 20 s, once a day, d1 till d7; n = 37) or “no treatment” (no handling; n = 39). On day 1, 3, 9, 24 and 38, piglets were weighed and scored for skin lesions. Blood samples were collected on day 9 and 38 and analyzed to determine glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), urea, immunoglobulin G (IgG), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and a standard blood panel test. There was no difference between sham drenched and untreated piglets regarding any of the parameters. In conclusion, this study showed that drenching does not impose a significant risk to LBW piglets and can be applied safely during the first 7 days after birth.

Effects of growth hormone-releasing factors and cottonseed meal on hormones and metabolites in plasma from lambs fed lucerne chaff ad libitum

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
RD Sainz ◽  
BJ Hosking ◽  
FJ Hart ◽  
GSG Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Ad Libitum

This study was part of an experiment on the effects of cottonseed meal (CSM) and growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) on growth in lambs fed lucerne chaff. Forty-eight crossbred lambs were fed lucerne chaff ad libitum, alone or with a cottonseed meal supplement (CSM; 300 g/day). Eight lambs from each group were injected twice daily with recombinant or synthetic GRF (rGRF and sGRF respectively; 30 8g per kg body weight/day) or excipient only for 28 or 30 days. Jugular blood samples were obtained on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28. On day 29, blood samples were taken from selected lambs (n = 2/group) at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 160 and 240 min after injection. Supplementation of lucerne chaff with CSM generally increased glucose and urea concentrations in plasma, reflecting improved energy and protein status. However, concentrations of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin were unaffected by CSM, as were plasma proteins, triacylglycerols and non-esterified fatty acids. Injection of rGRF and sGRF stimulated secretion of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin. Peak GH concentrations (20 min) following injection of GRF appeared to be higher in lambs fed CSM than in those receiving lucerne chaff alone. In contrast, maximal concentrations of IGF-1 were seen after 14 days of treatment. These changes were accompanied by increased plasma glucose, with no changes in triacylglycerols, non-esterified fatty acids and protein. Plasma urea was reduced by GRF, indicating that amino acids were diverted away from catabolism towards protein synthesis. These two sources of GRF were very similar in their endocrine and metabolic effects. This confirms similar observations regarding their effects on growth performance and carcass composition.

scholarly journals Ethanol with a mixed meal increases postprandial triacylglycerol but decreases postprandial non-esterified fatty acid concentrations

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 597-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Fielding ◽  
Guy Reid Michelle Grady ◽  
Sandy M. Humphreys ◽  
Kevin Evans ◽  
Keith N. Frayn
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Mixed Meal ◽  
Postprandial Lipaemia ◽  
Postprandial Period ◽  
Specific Fatty Acid

Plasma triacylglycerol concentrations increase after the acute ingestion of alcohol (specifically ethanol). However, the effect of ethanol when consumed with a mixed meal has not been well studied. The objective of the present study was to determine the perturbations of lipid metabolism that occur after ingestion of ethanol in combination with a mixed meal of specific fatty acid composition. Blood samples were taken from seven healthy male subjects before and after a mixed meal, with and without ethanol. The specific fatty acid composition of the test meal allowed the fatty acids to be traced into the plasma non-esterified fatty acid pool during the postprandial period. Statistical analysis by repeated measures ANOVA showed significant effects of ethanol. For example, postprandial lipaemia was enhanced after the ethanol test meal compared with the control (P< 0·05), mainly due to increases in triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins in the flotation range Sf60–400 (VLDL1) (P< 0·05); those in the range Sf20–60 (VLDL2) and also Sf> 400 (chylomicrons) were not significantly affected. The later postprandial increase in plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations was reduced after the ingestion of ethanol (P< 0·001), but the proportions of palmitoleic acid (a marker of fatty acid content of the test meal) and of linoleic acid (a marker of endogenous lipolysis) were not affected. The results suggest a primary effect of ethanol on the stimulation of secretion of large VLDL particles, which then compete for clearance with chylomicrons by lipoprotein lipase. The results do not support an effect of ethanol on the release of non-esterified fatty acid into the plasma. The suppression of plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations during the postprandial period may contribute towards the beneficial effects of moderate ethanol consumption.

scholarly journals The effect of 13 weeks of running training followed by 9 d of detraining on postprandial lipaemia

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara L. Herd ◽  
Adrianne E. Hardman ◽  
Leslie H. Boobis ◽  
Caroline J. Cairns
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Single Session ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Postprandial Lipaemia ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Running Training ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Fat Meal

The present study examined the influence of training, followed by a short period of detraining, on postprandial lipaemia. Fourteen normolipidaemic, recreationally active young adults aged 18–31 years participated, in two self-selected groups: three men and five women (BMI 21·7–27·6 kg/m2) completed 13 weeks of running training, after which they refrained from exercise for 9 d; three men and three women (BMI 21·5–25·6 kg/m2) maintained their usual lifestyle. Oral fat tolerance tests were conducted at baseline and again 15 h, 60 h and 9 d after the runners' last training session. Blood samples were drawn after an overnight fast and at intervals for 6 h after consumption of a high-fat meal (1·2 g fat, 1·4 g carbohydrate, 70·6 kJ energy/kg body mass). Heparin was then administered (100 IU/kg) and a further blood sample was drawn for measurement of plasma lipoprotein lipase (EC3.1.1.34; LPL) activity. Endurance fitness improved in runners, relative to controls (maximal O2uptake +3·2 (SE 1·1) ml/kg per minv.− 1·3 (SE 1·2) ml/kg per min; P < 0·05). In the absence of the acute effect of exercise, i.e. 60 h after the last training session, there was no effect of training on either postprandial lipaemia or on post-heparin LPL activity. However, changes during 9 d of detraining in both these variables differed significantly between groups; after 2 d without exercise (60 h test), the runners' lipaemic response was 37% higher than it was the morning after their last training session (15 h test; runnersv.controlsP< 0·05), with a reciprocal decrease in post-heparin LPL activity (P< 0·01). These findings suggest that improved fitness does not necessarily confer an effect on postprandial lipaemia above that attributable to a single session of exercise.

scholarly journals Exercise prevents the augmentation of postprandial lipaemia attributable to a low-fat high-carbohydrate diet

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Koustsair ◽  
Adrianne E. Hardman
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fat ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Postprandial Lipaemia ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Daily Exercise ◽  
Plasma Triacylglycerol

There is concern that replacement of dietary fat with carbohydrate may not reduce the overall risk of CHD because this replacement strategy elevates postprandial plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) concentrations. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that daily exercise can offset the augmented postprandial lipaemia associated with a short-term high-carbohydrate diet. Nine healthy, normolipidaemic men aged 33 (SD 4) YEARS CONSUMED A TEST MEAL (G/KG BODY MASS; 1·2 FAT, 1·1 CARBOHYDRATE, 0·2 PROTEIN) ON THREE OCCASIONS: AFTER 3 D ON A TYPICAL WESTERN DIET (46, 38 AND 16 % ENERGY FROM CARBOHYDRATE, FAT AND PROTEIN RESPECTIVELY); AFTER 3 D ON AN ISOENERGETIC HIGH-CARBOHYDRATE DIET (CORRESPONDING VALUES: 70, 15 AND 15 % ENERGY); AFTER 3 D ON THE SAME HIGH-CARBOHYDRATE DIET WITH 30 MIN MODERATE EXERCISE DAILY. FASTING PLASMA TAG CONCENTRATION WAS HIGHER AFTER THE HIGH-CARBOHYDRATE DIET (1·15 (se 0·16) mmol/l) than after the Western diet (0·83 (se 0·10) mmol/l; P=0·03). Similarly, postprandial lipaemia (6 h total area under plasma TAG concentrationv.time curve) was higher after the high-carbohydrate diet (12·54 (se 2·07) mmol/l·h) than after the Western diet (9·30 (se 1·30) mmol/l·h; P=0·004). The addition of exercise to the high-carbohydrate diet significantly reduced postprandial lipaemia (9·95 (se 1·94) mmol/l·h; P=0·01 when compared with the high-carbohydrate diet) but not fasting TAG concentration (1·02 (se 0·24) mmol/l). In conclusion, daily exercise prevented the augmentation of postprandial lipaemia attributable to the short-term high-carbohydrate diet and, thus, exercise may be a powerful adjunct to dietary change.

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