scholarly journals Lymphatic absorption of plasmalogen in rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Hara ◽  
Takuya Wakisaka ◽  
Yoritaka Aoyama
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Lymphatic Absorption ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Brain Phospholipids ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Lymph Duct ◽  
Fatty Aldehydes ◽  
Long Chain

Plasmalogen is a subclass of phospholipids that is widely distributed in man and animals. Many physiological roles have been proposed for this lipid; however, there have been no reports on the intestinal absorption of plasmalogen. In the present study, we examined lymphatic absorption of plasmalogen after the duodenal infusion of emulsified brain phospholipids (BPL) containing plasmalogen (22 mol% of total phospholipids) and soyabean lecithin (SPL) (100 g emulsified phospholipid/l). Male Wistar rats with implanted cannulas in the mesenteric lymph duct and the duodenum were kept in a Bollman-type restraining cage, and were infused the emulsion after 1 d recovery with duodenal infusion of a glucose–NaCl solution. Lymphatic plasmalogen output was increased at 2–4 h after the switch to BPL emulsion, and peaked at 4–6 h. However, no increases were observed after SPL infusion. Lymphatic recovery of plasmalogen for 8 h was 198 nmol, which was 0·22 mol% of the total plasmalogen disappeared from the intestine. We did not detect any increases in long-chain fatty aldehydes, which are the degradation product of plasmalogen, either in the blood or the small intestine. We conclude that a small percentage but a significant amount of the plasmalogen was absorbed into the lymph.

scholarly journals Enteral administration of soyabean lecithin enhanced lymphatic absorption of triacylglycerol in rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megumi Nishimukai ◽  
Hiroshi Hara ◽  
Yoritaka Aoyama
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Sodium Taurocholate ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Lipid Absorption ◽  
Lymphatic Absorption ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Enteral Administration ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Rat Bile

As the physiological roles of dietary lecithin have not yet been clearly defined, we examined the effects of lecithin on lipid absorption in male Wistar rats with a mesenteric lymph cannula. Lymphatic absorption was observed after the infusion of 1 ml emulsion containing 100 mg test oil emulsified with sodium taurocholate (10 g/l) in three separate experiments. Test oils (100 mg) were: soyabean oil (triacylglycerol (TG) source, SO) and soyabean oil + lecithin (75 mg soyabean oil+25 mg lecithin, LE) in Expt 1; SO, LE or soyabean oil + lysolecithin (75 mg soyabean oil plus 25 mg lysolecithin, LY) in Expt 2; hydrolysed soyabean oil (HSO) or HSO+lysolecithin (75 mg HSO+25 mg lysolecithin, HLY) in Expt 3. After LE and LY infusions, lymph flow and the lymphatic output of TG was higher than after SO infusion at 0-30 min and 0-90 min respectively (Expts 1 and 2). Lecithin-induced increases in lymph TG output remained constant when HSO was infused (Expt 3). There were no differences in the TG:phospholipid ratio in the lymph after infusion among the groups; nevertheless, the lymphatic output of TG was much higher after infusion with LE than with SO. Fatty acid was released more efficiently from SO than from LE and LY by in vitro digestion with rat bile–pancreatic juice. These present results demonstrate that a TG emulsion containing soyabean lecithin or its hydrolysates promote lymphatic TG output and suggest that the increases in TG absorption do not depend on TG digestion.

scholarly journals In vitrolipolysis and lymphatic absorption ofn-3 long-chain PUFA in the rat: influence of the molecular lipid species as carrier

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 639-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Sehl ◽  
Leslie Couëdelo ◽  
Ikram Chamekh-Coelho ◽  
Carole Vaysse ◽  
Maud Cansell
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Analysis ◽  
Lymphatic Absorption ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Enzymatic Model ◽  
Tissue Accretion ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractThe aim of this work was to study the bioavailability of fatty acids (FA), focusing onn-3 long-chain (LC) PUFA, carried by different molecular lipid species, that is, phospholipids (PL) or TAG, with three formulations based on fish oils or marine PL, providing a similarn-3 LC PUFA amount. The digestive lipolysis was first assessed using anin vitroenzymatic model. Then, intestinal absorption and enterocyte metabolism were investigatedin vivo, on male Wistar rats through lymph lipid analysis. Thein vitroresults showed that the release ofn-3 LC PUFA from lipolysis was increased by 48 % when FA were provided as PL rather than TAG. Thein vivoresults demonstrated that EPA and DHA from both TAG and PL were similarly absorbed and incorporated into lymph lipids. However, DHA was mainly distributed at thesn-1/3 positions of lymph TAG when provided as marine PL, whereas it was equally distributed at the three positions with marine TAG. On the whole, even if the molecular lipid species ofn-3 LC PUFA did not greatly modify thein vivodigestion and absorption steps, it modulated the rearrangement of DHA on the glyceride positions of the lymph TAG, which may further impact the DHA metabolic fate and tissue accretion. Consequently, the present study has provided data which may be used to formulate lipid diets rich in DHA in the context of an insufficient consumption ofn-3 PUFA in Western countries.

scholarly journals The effect of guar gum on the viscosity of the gastrointestinal contents and on glucose uptake from the perfused jejunum in the rat

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Blackburn ◽  
I. T. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Apparent Viscosity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Synthetic Diet ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

1. Male Wistar rats were meal-fed for at least 10d a control semi-synthetic diet containing no guar gum, or one of three similar test diets containing 3, 10 or 20 g dry guar gum/kg.2. Rats were killed 6 h after feeding, and contents of stomach, small and large intestine were collected separately. The apparent viscosities of stomach and smalt intestine contents from animals fed on diets containing 10 and 20 g guar gum/kg were increased relative to control animals, but large intestine contents were unchanged3. In the second part of this study, male Wistar rats were anaesthetized and two consecutive lengths of jejunum were perfused, initially with Ringer only (control) or Ringer plus 5 or 6g guar gum/1 (test). Following this pre-perfusion, both segments were perfused with Ringer containing glucose (10 mM), [3H]glucose and [14C]inulin, and the rate of glucose absorption was determined4. The rate of glucose absorption was decreased relative to control values in segments pre-perfused with both 5 and 6g guar gum/I solution, but this reduction was significant only in the instance of the 6g/l solution (P< 0.001)5. These results provide evidence to support previous assumptions that ingestion of guar gum will increase the apparent viscosity of the contents of the stomach and small intestine. We propose that a possible mechanism by which guar reduces post-prandial glycaemia is a reduction of glucose absorption from the smali intestine, resulting from an increase in viscosity of the contents

scholarly journals Tocopherols and Tocotrienols Are Bioavailable in Rats and Primarily Excreted in Feces as the Intact Forms and 13′-Carboxychromanol Metabolites

2019 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kilia Y Liu ◽  
Qing Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Time Course ◽  
General Linear Model ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
General Linear ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Long Chain

ABSTRACT Background Vitamin E α-, γ-, or δ-tocopherol (αT, γT, δT) and γ- or δ-tocotrienol (γTE, δTE) are metabolized to hydroxychromanols and carboxychromanols including 13′-carboxychromanol (13′-COOH), 11′-COOH, and carboxyethyl hydroxychroman (CEHC), some of which have unique bioactivities compared with the vitamers. However, the bioavailability of these metabolites has not been well characterized. Objective We investigated the pharmacokinetics (PK) of vitamin E forms and metabolites in rats. Methods Six-week-old male Wistar rats received 1-time gavage of γT-rich tocopherols (50 mg/kg) containing γT/δT/αT (57.7%, 21.9%, and 10.9%, respectively) or δTE-rich tocotrienols (35 mg/kg) containing δTE/γTE (8:1). We quantified the time course of vitamin E forms and metabolites in the plasma and their 24-h excretion to the urine and feces. The general linear model repeated measure was used for analyses of the PK data. Results In the rats’ plasma, Cmax of γT or δTE was 25.6 ± 9.1 μM (Tmax = 4 h) or 16.0 ± 2.3 μM (Tmax = 2 h), respectively, and sulfated CEHCs and sulfated 11′-COOHs were the predominant metabolites with Cmax of 0.4–0.5 μM (Tmax ∼5–7 h) or ∼0.3 μM (Tmax at 4.7 h), respectively. In 24-h urine, 2.7% of γT and 0.7% of δTE were excreted as conjugated CEHCs. In the feces, 17–45% of supplemented vitamers were excreted as unmetabolized forms and 4.9–9.2% as unconjugated carboxychromanols, among which 13′-COOHs constituted ∼50% of total metabolites and the amount of δTE-derived 13′-COOHs was double that of 13′-COOH derived from γT. Conclusions PK data of vitamin E forms in rats reveal that γT, δT, γTE, and δTE are bioavailable in the plasma and are mainly excreted as unmetabolized forms and long-chain metabolites including 13′-COOHs in feces, with more metabolites from tocotrienols than from tocopherols.

Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transport and long chain acylcarnitines in hyperthyroidism

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn C. Black ◽  
John H. McNeill ◽  
Sidney Katz
Keyword(s):  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Calcium Transport ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Free Calcium ◽  
Cardiac Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Endogenous Level ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Carnitine Derivatives ◽  
Long Chain

Male Wistar rats were treated with L-3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) (500 μg∙kg∙−1∙day−1) for 3 days. Cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was isolated at several time points during the induction of the hyperthyroid state and calcium transport and the levels of carnitine derivatives were determined. Calcium transport was augmented at all free calcium concentrations assayed (0.1–5.3 μM) 24 h following a single dose of T3; at 48 and 72 h, calcium transport was further augmented. Calcium-dependent phosphoprotein levels were increased in the SR of the 48- and 72-h T3-treated groups. Total SR carnitine was reduced after 24, 48, and 72 h of treatment. Long chain acylcarnitine (LCAC) levels were decreased in T3-treated SR at 48 and 72 h. This study shows that calcium transport is increased in T3-treated rat heart SR and that this increase may be related to a reduction in the endogenous level of LCAC in the SR membrane.

scholarly journals Phytosphingosine degradation pathway includes fatty acid α-oxidation reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (13) ◽  
pp. E2616-E2623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Kitamura ◽  
Naoya Seki ◽  
Akio Kihara
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Pentadecanoic Acid ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Fatty Aldehydes ◽  
Long Chain

Although normal fatty acids (FAs) are degraded via β-oxidation, unusual FAs such as 2-hydroxy (2-OH) FAs and 3-methyl-branched FAs are degraded via α-oxidation. Phytosphingosine (PHS) is one of the long-chain bases (the sphingolipid components) and exists in specific tissues, including the epidermis and small intestine in mammals. In the degradation pathway, PHS is converted to 2-OH palmitic acid and then to pentadecanoic acid (C15:0-COOH) via FA α-oxidation. However, the detailed reactions and genes involved in the α-oxidation reactions of the PHS degradation pathway have yet to be determined. In the present study, we reveal the entire PHS degradation pathway: PHS is converted to C15:0-COOH via six reactions [phosphorylation, cleavage, oxidation, CoA addition, cleavage (C1 removal), and oxidation], in which the last three reactions correspond to the α-oxidation. The aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH3A2 catalyzes both the first and second oxidation reactions (fatty aldehydes to FAs). In Aldh3a2-deficient cells, the unmetabolized fatty aldehydes are reduced to fatty alcohols and are incorporated into ether-linked glycerolipids. We also identify HACL2 (2-hydroxyacyl-CoA lyase 2) [previous name, ILVBL; ilvB (bacterial acetolactate synthase)-like] as the major 2-OH acyl-CoA lyase involved in the cleavage (C1 removal) reaction in the FA α-oxidation of the PHS degradation pathway. HACL2 is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. Thus, in addition to the already-known FA α-oxidation in the peroxisomes, we have revealed the existence of FA α-oxidation in the endoplasmic reticulum in mammals.

Intestinal uptake and lymphatic absorption of beta-carotene in ferrets: a model for human beta-carotene metabolism

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (4) ◽  
pp. G480-G486 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. D. Wang ◽  
N. I. Krinsky ◽  
R. P. Marini ◽  
G. Tang ◽  
J. Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Total Radioactivity ◽  
Portal System ◽  
Lymphatic Absorption ◽  
Indwelling Catheter ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Lymph Duct ◽  
C Metabolism

To determine the appropriateness of the ferret as a model for human beta-carotene (beta-C) metabolism, we have perfused both 15,15'-beta-[14C]C and unlabeled beta-C through the upper 30-cm portion of the small intestine of ferrets in vivo. The effluents of a mesenteric lymph duct cannulation and a common bile duct cannulation, as well as portal vein blood periodically sampled via an indwelling catheter, were collected. Ten percent (9.5 +/- 0.06%) of the total administered beta-C was taken up by the intestine after a 4-h perfusion. Of the radioactivity taken up, 68.6 +/- 6.5% remained in the intestinal mucosa, 3.2 +/- 0.2% was recovered in the lymph, and 28.2 +/- 6.5% (calculated) was absorbed via the portal system. The total uptake/absorption of beta-C was 12.9 +/- 6.8 nmol.h-1.30 cm intestine-1. Large amounts of unchanged beta-C and relatively small amounts of both beta-apo-12'-carotenal and beta-apo-10'-carotenal were isolated in the intestinal mucosa after a 4-h perfusion with beta-C. Considerable amounts of metabolites more polar than retinol were formed and comprised 35% of the total radioactivity recovered in the intestinal mucosa. Polar metabolites were absorbed mostly into the portal venous system, whereas retinol and retinyl esters were absorbed mainly into the mesenteric lymph. Of the total absorbed radioactivity in lymph, 10 +/- 1.0% appeared as unchanged beta-C, with peak absorption occurring at 3 h after beginning the perfusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Effect of 60 and 90 days of isotretinoin treatment on the structure of the small intestine mucosa in young male Wistar rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Bruna Fontana Thomazini ◽  
Mary Anne Heidi Dolder
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Severe Acne ◽  
Tissue Proliferation ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

AbstractIsotretinoin is a substance used in cases of severe acne and acne resistant to other treatments. This skin disease affects patients of all ages and can interfere with social life, especially in adolescents. The drug acts by suppressing sebaceous gland activity and creating an inhospitable environment forPropionibacterium acne. The integrity of the small intestine is important for correct nutrition and patient treatment. We intended to assess the small intestine structure after treatment with 5 mg/kg isotretinoin solution and after a period without the drug, which could be considered a rest period. Young male Wistar rats (n=24) were separated into 4 groups (n=6): C: water; D0: soybean oil; D5a: 5 mg/kg; D5b: 5 mg/kg for 60 days followed by 30 days of rest period. Soybean oil was used to dilute the drug and it was offered daily by gavage. The animals were euthanized and the duodenum, jejunum and ileum were collected for analysis with light and scanning electron microscopy. The treatment stimulated tissue proliferation in the jejunum and ileum but had no significant effect in the duodenum. The results also showed a modification in goblet cell frequency in the duodenum and ileum. A further finding was that some modifications disappeared during the rest period. The protocol showed that the small intestine was somewhat altered by the treatment yet no lasting damage was caused.

scholarly journals HISTOPATHOLOGICAL LIVER TISSUES OF ALLOXAN-INDUCED WISTAR RATS THAT GIVEN LAWSONIA INERMIS (LINN.) LEAVES’ ETHANOLIC EXTRACT

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Mutiara Indah Sari ◽  
Dwi Rita Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Lawsonia Inermis ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Glycogen Accumulation ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Slicing Method ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin ◽  
Liver Tissues

Objectives: The aim of this research was to see the effect of Lawsonia inermis (Linn.) leaves ethanolic extract (LLEE) on liver histopathological of alloxan-induced Wistar rats.Methods: Thirty-five of male Wistar rats grouped into five groups, i.e., K (normal) given 0.9% NaCl solution and P1–P4 were induced using alloxan (120 mg/kg BW) intraperitoneally. P2–P4 was given LLEE, i.e., 200 mg/kg BW, 400 mg/kg BW, and 600 mg/kg BW for 28 days. On 29th day, all Wistar rats of the group were sacrificed to take its liver. Histology preparation of liver by paraffin slicing method of hematoxylin-eosin staining. The observation was done under a microscope with ×40 and ×100 magnification. Observation of the liver histopathological includes changes of the central venous, sinusoid, hepatocyte morphology, and glycogen accumulation, P1–P4 compared to K.Result: The results showed that in P4 group, LLEE dose 600 mg/Kg BW for 28 days able to improve liver tissues structure of alloxan-induced Wistar rats.Conclusion: The LLEE at dose 600 mg/Kg BW effective can restore the liver destruction of alloxan-induced Wistar rats.

scholarly journals Impact of nitrate therapy on the expression of caveolin-1 and its phosphorylated isoform in lungs in the model of monocrotaline induced pulmonary hypertension

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Z. Kmecova ◽  
E. Malikova ◽  
B. Zsigmondova ◽  
M. Radik ◽  
J. Veteskova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Caveolin 1 ◽  
Inorganic Nitrate ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Nitrate Therapy ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

Abstract Aim: Nitric oxide signalling pathway showed to be one of the crucial factors in the treatment and pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of administration of inorganic nitrate, NaNO3, on the expression of caveolin-1 and its phosphorylated isoform (pTyr14Cav-1) in lungs in the experimental model of monocrotaline induced pulmonary hypertension. Methods: 10 weeks old male Wistar rats were subcutaneously injected with 60 mg/kg dose of monocrotaline (MCT) or vehicle (CON). Twelve days after the injection, part of the MCT group was receiving 0.3 mM NaNO3 (MCT+N0.3) daily in the drinking water and rest was receiving 0.08% NaCl solution. Four weeks after MCT administration, the rats were sacrificed in CO2. Protein expression in lungs was determined by western blot. Results: We observed a significant decrease in the caveolin-1 expression and a significant shift towards the expression of pTyr14Cav-1 in the group treated with nitrate (p < 0.05). Conclusion: NaNO3 administration affected the expression of caveolin-1 and the ratio of its active (phosphorylated) isoform increased.

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