scholarly journals Exogenous porcine somatotropin administered to neonatal pigs at high doses can alter lifetime fat but not lean tissue deposition

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 795-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank. R. Dunshea ◽  
Danny Suster ◽  
Douglas J. Kerton ◽  
Brian J. Leury
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Neonatal Pigs ◽  
Average Litter Size ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Endocrine Status ◽  
High Doses

The growth rate of the young pig is generally much less than its potential and may be constrained by endocrine status as well as nutrient intake. The aim of the present study was to determine whether porcine (p) somatotropin (ST) treatment of the sucking pig could alter subsequent body composition. Twelve mixed-parity cross-bred sows with an average litter size of ten piglets were used to nurse pigs for the present study. On day 1 of lactation, the median two male pigs (by weight) from each litter were randomly allocated to one of two doses of pST (0 or 1 mg/kg per d) until weaning on day 21. Pigs were weaned and offered feed ad libitum until slaughter at 134 d of age. Body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at 21, 49, 77, 105 and 133 d of age. There was no significant difference in growth rates between day 1 and 21 of lactation in pigs injected with either saline (9 g/l NaCl/l) or pST (258 v. 246 g/d for control and pST-treated pigs respectively, P=0·61), and as a consequence there was no significant difference in liveweight at weaning (7·13 v. 6·84 kg, P=0·59). However, fat mass at weaning tended to be decreased (1·18 v. 0·96 kg, P=0·064), while the % fat in the body at weaning was significantly (16·7 v. 13·9 %, P=0·008) decreased by exogenous pST treatment. In the immediate post-weaning period there was a reduction in lean tissue deposition (347 v. 300 g/d, P=0·021) but no effect on fat deposition (35 v. 33 g/d, P=0·72). Over the entire weaning-to-slaughter period, pST treatment of neonatal pigs decreased the rate of fat deposition (130 v. 112 g/d, P=0·033), but had no effect on lean tissue deposition (550 v. 538 g/d, P=0·49). Therefore, treatment of nursing pigs with high doses of pST for a short period before weaning may provide a means of reducing the fat content of pork and pork products.

scholarly journals Body composition monitoring in children and adolescents: reproducibility and reference values

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelies Van Eyck ◽  
Sofie Eerens ◽  
Dominique Trouet ◽  
Eline Lauwers ◽  
Kristien Wouters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Lean Tissue Mass ◽  
Body Composition Monitor ◽  
Total Body

AbstractThere is an increasing need for suitable tools to evaluate body composition in paediatrics. The Body Composition Monitor (BCM) shows promise as a method, but reference values in children are lacking. Twenty children were included and measured twice by 4 different raters to asses inter- and intra-rater reproducibility of the BCM. Reliability was assessed using the Bland-Altman method and by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). The intra-rater ICCs were high (≥ 0.97) for all parameters measured by BCM as were the inter-rater ICCs for all parameters (≥ 0.98) except for overhydration (0.76). Consequently, a study was set up in which BCM measurements were performed in 2058 healthy children aged 3–18.5 years. The age- and gender-specific percentile values and reference curves for body composition (BMI, waist circumference, fat mass and lean tissue mass) and fluid status (extracellular and intracellular water and total body water) relative to age were produced using the GAMLSS method for growth curves.Conclusion: A high reproducibility of BCM measurements was found for fat mass, lean tissue mass, extracellular water and total body water. Reference values for these BCM parameters were calculated in over 2000 children and adolescents aged 3 to 18 years. What is Known• The 4-compartment model is regarded as the ‘gold standard’ of body composition methods, but is inappropriate for regular follow-up or screening of large groups, because of associated limitations. • Body Composition Monitor® is an inexpensive field method that has the potential to be an adequate monitoring tool.What is New• Good reproducibility of BCM measurements in children provides evidence to use the device in longitudinal follow-up, multicentre and comparative studies.• Paediatric reference values relative to age and sex for the various compartments of the body are provided.

Math for Real: Losing Weight versus Losing Fat

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-185
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Personal Trainer ◽  
Healthy Body

Measuring weight loss is important in determining if an exercise program works, but it is not the only objective. Losing body fat and maintaining a healthy body composition are more important. Body composition consists of lean tissue and fat. The body needs a certain amount of fat for essential functions (energy, regulating temperature). Karin Cottman, a certified personal trainer in Middleburg Heights, Ohio, keeps these ideas in mind when developing workout plans and diet goals for her clients.

Effects of Hydroxyurea Administration on the Body Weight, Body Composition and Exercise Performance of Patients with Sickle-Cell Anaemia

1997 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 481-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Hackney ◽  
W. Hezier ◽  
T. P. Gulledge ◽  
S. Jones ◽  
D. Strayhorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Anaemia ◽  
The Body ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Anaerobic Performance ◽  
Significant Difference

1. As an ancillary study carried out during the recently completed Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea, we examined the effect of hydroxyurea on the body weight, body composition and exercise capacity of adult patients with sickle-cell anaemia. 2. The subjects received either hydroxyurea (six males and four females) or placebo (eight males and six females). Data for each subject were generated during four separate 24 h admissions to the General Clinical Research Center. These admissions occurred at baseline and then at 6, 12 and 18 months after the start of study drug (hydroxyurea or placebo) administration. During each admission, body composition was measured by using a dual X-ray absorptiometer, and exercise testing was performed by cycle ergometry. Anaerobic performance was assessed according to a ‘Wingate’ protocol (20 s at maximal intensity against a cycling resistance of 7.5% body weight). Aerobic performance was examined using a steady state submaximal exercise protocol (10 min cycling time). 3. At baseline, no significant difference in any parameter was found between the hydroxyurea- and placebo-treated groups. At 18 months, the hydroxy-urea-treated subjects exhibited an average weight gain of 3.16 kg. The mean weight gain in the placebo-treated subjects was 1.82 kg. Body composition analysis showed that the additional weight in both groups involved both lean and fat body mass components. In anaerobic performance, the subjects given hydroxyurea showed an increase in peak muscle power of 104.9 W. The placebo group also showed an increase, but theirs was a more modest gain of 57.7 W. The most marked improvement in anaerobic performance was observed in the hydroxyurea-treated men (P < 0.05). In aerobic performance, the hydroxyurea-treated subjects exhibited a decrease in peak heart rate response to a standardized workload of 15.2 beats/min, as compared with a decrease of only 4.3 beats/min in the placebo-treated patients. 4. Taken together, the overall weight gain, combined with increases in both anaerobic muscular performance and aerobic cardiovascular efficiency, provides objective data to support the subjective impression that hydroxyurea administration produces an improvement in the physical capacity of patients with sickle-cell anaemia.

scholarly journals Effect of Spinning Cycling Training on Body Composition in Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih Kaya ◽  
Dilek Nar ◽  
Mustafa Said Erzeybek
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Impedance Method ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Cycling Training

In this study the effects of a 6 week spinning cycling training on the body composition of women were investigated. Twelve sedentary women (32-47 years old) voluntarily participated in this study. The 6-week training program consisted of exercise sessions on 3 days per week. The intensity of the training program that was kept low in the beginning was increased in the subsequent weeks. The training sessions including the warm-up and cool down lasted for 30-60 minutes. The analyses on the body compositions were measured regularly every week with bioelectrical impedance method. In data analysis descriptive statistics and repeated-measures analysis of variance were used. In the end of the 6-week spinning workouts positive changes were observed in many parameters related to body composition. Particularly after the 3rd week the significant changes recorded were noteworthy. At the end of the 6th week those who were overweight by World Health Organization (WHO) standards moved onto normal weight category and those who were obese became overweight. In conclusion it was seen that the spinning cycling workouts were seen as as effective method to lose weight and reduce the body fat ratio among women in this age group. This exercise method may be recommended for getting good results among obese and overweight women in a short period of time.

scholarly journals PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE, BODY COMPOSITION AND METABOLIC SYNDROME IN MILITARY PERSONNEL FROM THE BRAZILIAN ARMY

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 422-425
Author(s):  
Samir Ezequiel da Rosa ◽  
Marco Antônio Lippert ◽  
Runer Augusto Marson ◽  
Marcos de Sá Rego Fortes ◽  
Laércio Camilo Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
The Body ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Physical Conditioning ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Dual Emission ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Introduction: The Brazilian Army (BA) considers Military Physical Training (MPT) essential for the development of physical conditioning and general health, including prevention of chronic noncommunicable diseases (CNCDs), including metabolic syndrome (MS) risk factors. The evaluation of body composition using dual-emission x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) quantifies the visceral fat responsible for several types of disease. Objective: To verify the behavior among the body composition, anthropometric, hemodynamic and biochemical variables by means of the physical performance of military personnel with MS (W/MS) and without MS (NO/MS). Methods: The sample consisted of 41 (38.9 ± 2.3 years, 177.8 ± 6.4 cm, 91.5 ± 11.9 kg) military personnel, with 28 individuals diagnosed as W/MS and 13 individuals as NO/MS. Data collection was divided into three days. An anthropometric assessment was performed on the first day. On the second day, the subjects underwent biochemical tests of MS markers, blood pressure (BP) checks, and DXA examinations. On the third day, a physical assessment was applied according to the requirements of the BA (12-minute run, pushups and pullups). Results: There was a significant difference between W/MS and NO/MS subjects in the variables of HDL-C, Diastolic BP, Systolic BP and Waist Circumference. None of the physical variables presented a significant difference. There was also a significant difference between groups for all body composition and anthropometric variables. Conclusion: NO/MS subjects have better mean body composition, BP and anthropometric values than W/MS subjects, which may indicate that they are at less risk of CNCDs. The fact that the military subject is or is not a carrier of MS did not influence the performance of the tests applied. Level of Evidence I; Diagnostic studies - Investigation of a diagnostic test.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Study on the Dose–Effect Association between Physical Activity Volume and Body Composition of the Elderly in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6365
Author(s):  
Xiao Hou ◽  
Zheng-Yan Tang ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Yu-Jie Liu ◽  
Jing-Min Liu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Short Form ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The One

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate Chinese old adults’ different body compositions in response to various levels of physical activity (PA). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the dose–response relationship between PA and body composition in old adults. Methods: 2664 participants older than 60 years (males: n = 984, females: n = 1680) were recruited for this cross-sectional health survey. PA was assessed by the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and the body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) instruments. The differences of separate body composition indices (lean body mass, LBM; bone mass, BM; and fat mass, FM) of older participants with different PA levels (below PA recommendation and over PA recommendation) were examined using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). To compare the differences of three body composition indices with six different multiples of PA recommendation (0–1 REC, 1–2 REC, 2–4 REC, 4–6 REC, >6 REC), the one-way ANOVA and Turkey’s test was used for the post hoc analysis to identify the upper PA-benefit threshold in different indices of body composition. Results: The LBM and BM are significantly higher and the FM are significantly lower in old adults performing more PA volume than the WHO recommendation, compared with individuals performing less PA volume than the WHO recommendation. There were significant increases in LBM for males in “1–2 REC”, “2–4 REC”, and “>6 REC” groups, compared with the “0–1 REC” group; and there were significant increases in BM for males in “1–2 REC”, “2–4 REC”, compared with the “0–1 REC” group. The best PA volume for LBM and BM in females was the PA volume of “2–4 REC”. Additionally, whether males or females, there was no significant difference in FM between the “0–1 REC” group and other separate groups. Conclusion: The PA volume that causes best benefit for body composition of the elderly occurs at 1 to 2 times the recommended minimum PA for males, while it occurs at 2 to 4 times that recommended for females. No additional harms for old adults’ body composition occurs at six or more times the recommended minimum PA.

Effects of abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide on muscle and adipose mass in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 5088-5088
Author(s):  
Ecaterina Ileana ◽  
Sami Antoun ◽  
Laurence Albiges ◽  
Christophe Massard ◽  
Mario Di Palma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
Abiraterone Acetate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
Castration Resistant ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Composition Changes

5088 Background: Abiraterone acetate (AA) and enzalutamide (MDV3100), two androgen receptor-directed compounds, have been shown to improve survival for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) progressing after Docetaxel.. Since these drugs might be used at an early-stage in the future, and skeletal muscle (SM) and adipose tissue (AT) are known to be prognosis parameters, the aim of this study was to evaluate the body composition changes in patients with mCRPC treated with AA and MDV3100. Methods: Patients included in AFFIRM (n=62 treated with MDV3100 and placebo n=28) and COU-AA-301 (n=24 treated with AA+Prednisone (P)10mg/day and placebo+P n= 13) trials at the Institute Gustave Roussy were included in the analysis. Cross-sectional areas (cm2) of visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and SM were assessed by computed tomography imaging at 3rd lumbar vertebra and were indexed for height (cm2/m2) with Slice-O-Matic software V4.3 at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months of treatment. The data from patients treated with AA or MDV3100 were compared to placebo-patients and tissues changes were compared to baseline. We used the validated sarcopenic definitions as SM index less than 52.4 (cm2/m2). Results: For all cohort, median age was 69 years (range: 48-83), median weight was 79 kg (range: 47-150) and median BMI was 25.9 kg/m2(range: 18-46). At inclusion, 74 patients (58%) were overweight or obese (BMI>24.9 kg/m2), and only 2 patients were underweight (BMI<18.5kg/m2). 97 patients (81%) were sarcopenic, and 56 (75%) of overweight or obese patients were sarcopenic. Over 3 months, the patients from the entire cohort lost muscle mass (mean change: 4.5±7.5% (» 0.7 kg of muscle)) (P=0.01) . A non significant loss of SAT -4.6±19.2% and a non significant increase of VAT (+10.7±50.3% ) were observed. A similar pattern was observed at 6 months. There was no significant difference between body composition changes in treated groups and placebo. Conclusions: Sarcopenia is highly prevalent in patients with advanced CRPC. Unexpectedly, no difference in body composition changes was observed between patients treated with MDV3100 or AA and placebo.

scholarly journals Do e-athletes move? A study on physical activity level and body composition in elite e-sports

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 259-264
Author(s):  
Akan Bayrakdar ◽  
Yağmur Yıldız ◽  
Işık Bayraktar
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Body Height ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Significant Difference

Background and Study Aim. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of e-sports on physical activity level and body composition. Material and Methods.  The athletes who participated in the study were 19.92± 2.21 years of age, 1.73±0.04 m body height and 78.35±6.52 kg body weight. A total of 137 athletes participated in the study, including 27 from Turkey, 47 from South Korea and 63 from the United States (USA). The data was collected by e-mail from the sports clubs. The athletes who representing their country in international competitions involved in the study. The data obtained were evaluated in the SPSS program. Results.  According to the findings of the study, the body mass index (BMI) of e-sport athletes is 26.03±1.85, the number of physical activity steps is 6646±3400 and the daily e-sport hours are 9.34±1.12. The BMI was determined as USA 26.12, South Korea 26.02 and Turkey 25.84 respectively. The number of physical activity steps was identified as 5255 steps in the US, 7785 steps in South Korea and 7909 steps in Turkey. The daily e-sports hour is set at US 9.63 hours, Turkey 9.29 hours and South Korea 8.97 hours. In comparison of country-based athletes, there was a significant difference between physical activity level and daily e-sports hours at p<0.05. The value of BMI is not different. Although it is not statistically related to the physical activity level and BMI. There was no statistically significant relationship between daily e-sports hours and BMI and physical activity step counts. However, as the time of e-sports increases, BMI increases and the number of physical activity steps decreases. Conclusions.  As a result it is seen in the findings of the research that athletes dealing with e-sports are included in the fat group as a body composition and their daily physical activity steps are low. In addition, according to the results of the research, e-sports are thought to have negative effects on physical health. Thanks to the physical activity programs to be applied to these athletes, it is thought that their body composition and physical activity levels can be improved.

scholarly journals Measurement of changes in body composition of piglets from birth to 4 kg using quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR)*

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Mitchell ◽  
T. G. Ramsay ◽  
A. M. Scholz
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Body Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Neonatal Pigs ◽  
Quantitative Magnetic Resonance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Highly Correlated

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to use quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR) to measure changes in the body composition of piglets during growth from birth to 4 kg body weight. Using QMR, 60 pigs were scanned an average of 5 times starting at 2.7±1.3 days of age (1.95 kg) and finally at 13.1±4.3 days (4.14 kg). Regression analysis revealed that the rates of total body growth and fat and lean deposition were linear throughout this period. Subsequently, a second group of 235 pigs (109 males and 126 females) were scanned twice, first at 2.7±1.2 days of age and then at 13.4±3.1 days of age. The mean (±SD) rate of total body growth was 230±57 g/day. The rates of fat and lean deposition were 40±13 g/day and 191±52 g/day, respectively. The rates of both fat and lean deposition were highly correlated (P<0.001) with total body growth rate (R2=0.81 and 0.93, respectively) and the coefficient of determination between the rates of fat and lean deposition was 0.71 (P<0.001). The results of this study demonstrate that QMR is a useful method for measuring changes in body composition in neonatal pigs. Furthermore, the results indicate that during the period of growth from birth to 4 kg, the rates of both fat and lean deposition are linear and highly correlated with total body growth.

Dietary betaine and ractopamine combine to increase lean tissue deposition in finisher pigs, particularly gilts

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Dunshea ◽  
D. J. Cadogan ◽  
G. G. Partridge
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Improve Body Composition ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
Daily Gain

Dietary ractopamine increases lean tissue deposition, with the responses most evident at ad libitum feed intakes whereas dietary betaine can improve growth by reducing maintenance requirements, with the greatest responses occurring when energy is limiting. This study was conducted to investigate the interactions between dietary ractopamine and betaine on growth and carcass characteristics in restrictively fed [31.0 MJ digestible energy (DE)/day for 14 days followed by 36.8 MJ DE/day for 21 days] boars and gilts. Forty individually penned pigs (58.4 kg) were allocated to a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, with the respective factors being sex (gilt or boar), dietary betaine (0 and 1.5 g/kg betaine) and dietary ractopamine (0 and 10 ppm ractopamine) for 35 days. Over the first 14 days of the study when the restriction was greatest, daily gain was greater in pigs fed betaine (+8%, P = 0.04) and in boars (+12%, P = 0.005) but was not affected by ractopamine (P = 0.18). Lean deposition was greater in pigs fed betaine (+5%, P = 0.08) and in boars (+6%, P = 0.006) but was not affected by ractopamine (P = 0.57). However, there was an interaction (P = 0.03) between ractopamine and sex such that ractopamine increased lean deposition in gilts but not boars. Thus, betaine and ractopamine had additive effects on lean mass in gilts (+5.1 kg) but not boars. Fat deposition was less in pigs fed ractopamine (–8%, P = 0.05) and in boars (–17%, P < 0.001) but was not affected by betaine (P = 0.81). However, there was an interaction (P = 0.04) between dietary ractopamine and sex such that ractopamine decreased fat deposition in gilts (–14%) but not boars. In conclusion, dietary betaine and ractopamine may have additive effects on lean deposition and improve body composition in gilts but responses in boars are more equivocal.

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