scholarly journals Effects of calcium and plant sterols on serum lipids in obese Zucker rats on a low-fat diet

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Vaskonen ◽  
Eero Mervaala ◽  
Ville Sumuvuori ◽  
Tuulikki Seppänen-Laakso ◽  
Heikki Karppanen
Keyword(s):  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Plant Sterols ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Obese Zucker Rats

Ca may interfere with fat and cholesterol metabolism through formation of insoluble soaps with fatty and bile acids in the intestine. In the present study, we examined the effects of different dietary Ca levels on the serum lipid profile and cholesterol metabolism in obese Zucker rats fed a low-fat diet. We also tested whether dietary Ca interfered with the lipid-lowering effects of a pine oil-derived plant sterol mixture. Increase in dietary Ca intake from 0·2 to 0·8 %, and further to 2·1 % (w/w) dose-dependently decreased serum total cholesterol (r -0·565, P=0·002, n 27), LDL-cholesterol (r -0·538, P=0·006, n 25), and triacylglycerol (r -0·484, P=0·014, n 25) concentrations, and increased HDL-cholesterol (r 0·478, P=0·016, n 25) and HDL : LDL cholesterol (r 0·672, P<0·001, n 25) in rats fed a 1 % cholesterol diet. Analysis of serum campesterol : cholesterol and sitosterol : cholesterol suggested that Ca dose-dependently increased intestinal cholesterol absorption (r 0·913, P<0·001, n 18), whereas serum desmosterol : cholesterol and lathosterol : cholesterol indicated that Ca dose-dependently increased endogenous cholesterol synthesis (r 0·691, P=0·003, n 18). Therefore, the decrease of serum LDL-cholesterol appeared to be due to Ca-induced increase in the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids. The increase in Ca intake did not interfere with the beneficial effects of plant sterols on serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentrations. The high-Ca diet with plant sterol supplementation further increased the HDL-cholesterol concentration and HDL : LDL cholesterol. The present findings indicate that the beneficial effects of dietary Ca on the serum lipid profile during a low-fat diet are dose-dependent, and resemble those of bile acid sequestrants. Increased dietary Ca did not impede the lipid-lowering effects of natural plant sterols.

Effects of calcium and plant sterols on serum lipids in obese Zucker rats on a low-fat diet

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaskonen T.* ◽  
E. Mervaala ◽  
V. Sumuvuori ◽  
T. Seppänen-Laakso ◽  
H. Karppanen
Keyword(s):  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Plant Sterols ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Obese Zucker Rats

scholarly journals Effects of yoghurt enriched with plant sterols on serum lipids in patients with moderate hypercholesterolaemia

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Volpe ◽  
Leena Niittynen ◽  
Riitta Korpela ◽  
Cesare Sirtori ◽  
Antonello Bucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Plant Sterols ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Dose Dependent

The objective of the present study was to assess the effect of consumption of a yoghurt-based drink enriched with 1–2 g plant sterols/d on serum lipids, transaminases, vitamins and hormone status in patients with primary moderate hypercholesterolaemia. Thirty patients were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: a low-fat low-lactose yoghurt-based drink enriched with 1 g plant sterol extracted from soyabean/dv.a low-fat low-lactose yoghurt, for a period of 4 weeks. After a 2-week wash-out period, patients were crossed over for an additional 4-week period. Second, after a 4-week wash-out period, eleven patients were treated with 2 g plant sterols/d in a second open part of the study for a period of 8 weeks. The yoghurt enriched with plant sterols significantly reduced, in a dose-dependent manner, serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels and LDL-cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol (P<0·001), whereas no changes were observed in HDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels, either in the first or the second part of the study. There were only slight, not statistically significant, differences in serum transaminase, vitamin and hormone levels. To conclude, a low-fat yoghurt-based drink moderately enriched with plant sterols may lower total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol effectively in patients with primary moderate hypercholesterolaemia.

scholarly journals Assessment and Evaluation of the Leaf Extract of Begonia barbata to the Reduction LDL-Cholesterol in Carbamazepine Induced Obese Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-28
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Scientific endeavor has made it possible to discover and synthesize lipid-lowering drugs but, in most cases, their beneficial effects are overshadowed by their adverse effects. Hence, research interest in the screening of medicinal plants has intensified in recent years with a view of discovering potential antioxidants, lipid, and glucose-lowering phytochemicals. Four-month feeding of carbamazepine (both 5 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg body weight) with a normal diet increased the body mass of rats. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level was increased based on the oral execution of carbamazepine. But high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level and weight of the liver increased slightly and the level of triacylglycerol (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) level remain unchanged. Nonetheless, the Begonia barbata feeding with a normal diet reduced carbamazepine-induced obesity at both high and low doses. The level of LDL cholesterol and liver weight was significantly decreased due to the oral execution of B. barbata together with normal diet and carbamazepine, where HDL level was changed but not significantly.

scholarly journals Enterostatin deficiency increases serum cholesterol but does not influence growth and food intake in mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (4) ◽  
pp. E856-E865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Miller ◽  
Dymphna D'Agostino ◽  
Charlotte Erlanson-Albertsson ◽  
Mark E. Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Central Nucleus ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet

A pentapeptide released from procolipase, enterostatin, selectively attenuates dietary fat intake when administered peripherally or centrally. Enterostatin may act through the afferent vagus nerve and in the hypothalamus and amygdala, primarily in the central nucleus of the amygdala. To investigate the physiological role of endogenous enterostatin, we created an enterostatin-deficient, colipase-sufficient ( Ent−/−) mouse. Ent−/− mice are viable, normally active, and fertile. They exhibit normal growth on low-fat and high-fat diets. Furthermore, Ent−/− mice develop diet-induced obesity, as do Ent+/+ mice, and have normal responses to a two-macronutrient choice diet and to a switch from a high-fat to a low-fat diet. Levels of total serum ( P = 0.004) and non-HDL ( P ≤ 0.001) cholesterol were higher and levels of HDL cholesterol ( P = 0.01) were lower in Ent−/− than in wild-type mice. To determine whether enterostatin contributed to the decreased survival or whether colipase deficiency was the sole contributor, we administered enterostatin to procolipase-deficient ( Clps−/−) mouse pups. Enterostatin significantly improved survival ( P ≤ 0.001). Our results demonstrate that enterostatin is not critically required to regulate food intake or growth, suggesting that other pathways may compensate for the loss of enterostatin. Enterostatin has developmental effects on survival of newborns and alters cholesterol metabolism.

Abstract 18754: Genetic Predisposition to Coronary Artery Disease and Changes in Lipid Profile in Response to 2-year Weight-loss Diet Intervention: The Pounds Lost Trial

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiange Wang ◽  
Tao Huang ◽  
Yan Zheng ◽  
George Bray ◽  
Frank M Sacks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Diet Intervention ◽  
Low Fat Diet

Introduction: Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor of coronary artery disease (CAD), and is affected by interaction between genetic and environmental factors, such as diets. Weight-loss diet intervention has been widely used to improve lipids to mitigate cardiovascular complications of obesity. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that the genetic predisposition to CAD may modify lipids metabolism in response to diets. Methods: We calculated a genetic risk score (GRS) based on 19 CAD-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms in 744 adults from a 2-year diet intervention study: the POUNDS Lost trial. We examined the changes in total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides by the GRS and diet intervention. Results and Conclusions: We found significant interaction between the GRS and dietary fat intake on changes in total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol (P-interaction=0.02, 0.01 and 0.02, respectively) after the 2-year intervention. Overall, both low- and high-fat diets decreased total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, but increased HDL cholesterol. At 2 years, in the highest tertile of the GRS, participants eating the low-fat diet showed a greater decrease in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol than those eating the high-fat diet; whereas participants eating the high-fat diet showed a greater increase in HDL cholesterol than those eating the low-fat diet (all P<0.001). In lower tertiles of the GRS, the difference in lipids changes between the two diet groups was not significant. In conclusion, genetic predisposition to CAD might modify the dietary fat induced lipids changes. Our data suggest that in participants with higher genetic risk, low-fat diet may lower total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, while high-fat diet may improve HDL cholesterol. And in participants with lower genetic risk, the two diets showed similar effects on improvement of lipid profile.

scholarly journals Flow-mediated vasodilation is not impaired when HDL-cholesterol is lowered by substituting carbohydrates for monounsaturated fat

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. de Rose ◽  
Michiel L. Bots ◽  
Els Siebelink ◽  
Evert Schouten ◽  
Martijin B. Katan
Keyword(s):  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Monounsaturated Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
Flow Mediated Vasodilation ◽  
Stable Flow

Low-fat diets, in which carbohydrates replace some of the fat, decrease serum cholesterol. This decrease is due to decreases in LDL-cholesterol but in part to possibly harmful decreases in HDL-cholesterol. High-oil diets, in which oils rich in monounsaturated fat replace some of the saturated fat, decrease serum cholesterol mainly through LDL-cholesterol. We used these two diets to investigate whether a change in HDL-cholesterol would change flow-mediated vasodilation, a marker of endothelial function. We fed thirty-two healthy volunteers two controlled diets in a 2×3·5 weeks' randomised cross-over design to eliminate variation in changes due to differences between subjects. The low-fat diet contained 59·7 % energy (en%) as carbohydrates and 25·7 en% as fat (7·8 en% as monounsaturates); the oil-rich diet contained 37·8 en% as carbohydrates and 44·4 en% as fat (19·3 en% as monounsaturates). Average (SD) SERUM HDL-CHOLESTEROL AFTER THE LOW-FAT DIET WAS 0·21 (sd 0·12) mmol/l (8·1 mg/dl) lower than after the oil-rich diet. Serum triacylglycerols were 0·22 (sd 0·28) mmol/l (19·5 mg/dl) higher after the low-fat diet than after the oil-rich diet. Serum LDL and homocysteine concentrations remained stable. Flow-mediated vasodilation was 4·8 (SD 2·9) after the low-fat diet and 4·1 (SD 2·7) after the oil-rich diet (difference 0·7 %; 95 % CI -0·6, 1·9). Thus, although the low-fat diet produced a lower HDL-cholesterol than the high-oil diet, flow-mediated vasodilation, an early marker of cardiovascular disease, was not impaired.

scholarly journals A low fat diet ameliorates pathology but retains beneficial effects associated with CPT1b knockout in skeletal muscle

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. e0188850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaycob D. Warfel ◽  
Bolormaa Vandanmagsar ◽  
Shawna E. Wicks ◽  
Jingying Zhang ◽  
Robert C. Noland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Low Fat Diet

Complex lipid-lowering treatment options in patients with a history of acute coronary syndrome

2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (8) ◽  
pp. 296-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Győző Dani ◽  
László Márk ◽  
András Katona
Keyword(s):  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Target Values ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lipid Parameters

Authors aimed to assess how target values in serum lipid concentrations (LDL- and HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride) can be achieved in patients with a history of acute coronary syndrome during follow up in an outpatient cardiology clinic. Methods: 201 patients with a history of acute coronary syndrome were included and were followed up between January 1 and May 31, 2007.Authors analyzed serum lipid parameters of the patients and the lipid-lowering medications at the time of the first meeting and during follow up lasting two years. Results: During the enrollment visit only 26.4% of the patients had serum LDL cholesterol at target level, whereas high triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol levels were observed in 40.3% and 33.3% of the patients, respectively. Only 22 patients (10.9%) achieved the target levels in all three lipid parameters. Of the 201 patients, 179 patients participated in the follow up, and data obtained from these patients were analyzed. There was a positive trend toward better lipid parameters; 42.5% of the patients reached the desired LDL-cholesterol target value and 17.3% of the patients had HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides target values. Conclusions: These findings are consistent with those published in the literature. Beside the currently used therapeutic options for achieving optimal LDL-cholesterol, efforts should be made to reduce the so-called “residual cardiovascular risk” with the use of a widespread application of combination therapy. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 296–302.

scholarly journals The beneficial effects of Mediterranean diet over low-fat diet may be mediated by decreasing hepatic fat content

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yftach Gepner ◽  
Ilan Shelef ◽  
Oded Komy ◽  
Noa Cohen ◽  
Dan Schwarzfuchs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Hepatic Fat

scholarly journals Isolated soya protein with standardised levels of isoflavones, cotyledon soya fibres and soya phospholipids improves plasma lipids in hypercholesterolaemia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a yoghurt formulation

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pekka Puska ◽  
Vesa Korpelainen ◽  
Lars H. Høie ◽  
Eva Skovlund ◽  
Knut T. Smerud
Keyword(s):  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Dropout Rate ◽  
Soya Protein ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lowering Effect ◽  
Lipid Lowering Effect

The objective was to study whether a yoghurt containing isolated soya protein with standardised levels of isoflavones, cotyledon soya fibres and soya phospholipids is more effective in lowering total and LDL-cholesterol than a placebo. One hundred and forty-three subjects were randomised to the soya group (n69) or to the placebo (n74). The mean baseline levels were 7·6 and 5·1mmol/l for total and LDL-cholesterol, respectively. Fasting serum lipoproteins were assessed five times during the 8-week intervention period, and 4 weeks thereafter. The results were analysed by a mixed model for unbalanced repeated measurements. During the intervention, there were highly significant differences in lipid-lowering effect in favour of the active soya intervention group compared with the control group. The significant differences were for total cholesterol (estimated mean difference 0·40mmol/l;P<0·001), LDL-cholesterol (0·39mmol/l;P<0·001), non-HDL-cholesterol (0·40mmol/l;P<0·001) and for the total:HDL-cholesterol ratio (0·23;P=0·005). There was no difference in the effects on HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerols or homocysteine. The lipid-lowering effect occurred within 1–2 weeks of intervention, and was not due to weight loss. The safety profile for active soya was similar to the placebo group, except for gastrointestinal symptoms, which caused a significantly higher dropout rate (fourteenv. three subjects) among the subjects taking active soya.

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