scholarly journals Flow-mediated vasodilation is not impaired when HDL-cholesterol is lowered by substituting carbohydrates for monounsaturated fat

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. de Rose ◽  
Michiel L. Bots ◽  
Els Siebelink ◽  
Evert Schouten ◽  
Martijin B. Katan
Keyword(s):  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Monounsaturated Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
Flow Mediated Vasodilation ◽  
Stable Flow

Low-fat diets, in which carbohydrates replace some of the fat, decrease serum cholesterol. This decrease is due to decreases in LDL-cholesterol but in part to possibly harmful decreases in HDL-cholesterol. High-oil diets, in which oils rich in monounsaturated fat replace some of the saturated fat, decrease serum cholesterol mainly through LDL-cholesterol. We used these two diets to investigate whether a change in HDL-cholesterol would change flow-mediated vasodilation, a marker of endothelial function. We fed thirty-two healthy volunteers two controlled diets in a 2×3·5 weeks' randomised cross-over design to eliminate variation in changes due to differences between subjects. The low-fat diet contained 59·7 % energy (en%) as carbohydrates and 25·7 en% as fat (7·8 en% as monounsaturates); the oil-rich diet contained 37·8 en% as carbohydrates and 44·4 en% as fat (19·3 en% as monounsaturates). Average (SD) SERUM HDL-CHOLESTEROL AFTER THE LOW-FAT DIET WAS 0·21 (sd 0·12) mmol/l (8·1 mg/dl) lower than after the oil-rich diet. Serum triacylglycerols were 0·22 (sd 0·28) mmol/l (19·5 mg/dl) higher after the low-fat diet than after the oil-rich diet. Serum LDL and homocysteine concentrations remained stable. Flow-mediated vasodilation was 4·8 (SD 2·9) after the low-fat diet and 4·1 (SD 2·7) after the oil-rich diet (difference 0·7 %; 95 % CI -0·6, 1·9). Thus, although the low-fat diet produced a lower HDL-cholesterol than the high-oil diet, flow-mediated vasodilation, an early marker of cardiovascular disease, was not impaired.

scholarly journals Beneficial effect of a weight-stable, low-fat/low-saturated fat/low-glycaemic index diet to reduce liver fat in older subjects

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (6) ◽  
pp. 1096-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina M. Utzschneider ◽  
Jennifer L. Bayer-Carter ◽  
Matthew D. Arbuckle ◽  
Jaime M. Tidwell ◽  
Todd L. Richards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Older Subjects

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia and can progress to steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. We sought to determine whether dietary fat and saturated fat content alter liver fat in the absence of weight change in an older population. Liver fat was quantified by magnetic resonance spectroscopy before and after 4 weeks on an isoenergetic low-fat/low-saturated fat/low-glycaemic index (LGI) (LSAT: 23 % fat/7 % saturated fat/GI < 55) or a high-fat/high-saturated fat/high-GI (HSAT: 43 % fat/24 % saturated fat/GI>70) diet in older subjects. In the present study, twenty subjects (seven males/thirteen females; age 69·3 (sem1·6) years, BMI 26·9 (sem0·8) kg/m2) were randomised to the LSAT diet and fifteen subjects (six males/nine females; age 68·6 (sem1·8) years, BMI 28·1 (sem0·9) kg/m2) to the HSAT diet. Weight remained stable. Liver fat decreased significantly on the LSAT diet (median 2·2 (interquartile range (IQR) 3·1) to 1·7 (IQR 1·8) %,P= 0·002) but did not change on the HSAT diet (median 1·2 (IQR 4·1) to 1·6 (IQR 3·9) %). The LSAT diet lowered fasting glucose and total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol and raised TAG (P< 0·05), while the HSAT diet had no effect on glucose or HDL-cholesterol but increased total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol (P< 0·05). Fasting insulin and homeostasis model of insulin resistance did not change significantly on either diet, but the Matsuda index of insulin sensitivity improved on the LSAT diet (P< 0·05). Assignment to the LSATv.HSAT diet was a predictor of changes in lipid parameters but not liver fat. We conclude that diet composition may be an important factor in the accumulation of liver fat, with a low-fat/low-saturated fat/LGI diet being beneficial.

scholarly journals Effects of calcium and plant sterols on serum lipids in obese Zucker rats on a low-fat diet

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Vaskonen ◽  
Eero Mervaala ◽  
Ville Sumuvuori ◽  
Tuulikki Seppänen-Laakso ◽  
Heikki Karppanen
Keyword(s):  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Plant Sterols ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Obese Zucker Rats

Ca may interfere with fat and cholesterol metabolism through formation of insoluble soaps with fatty and bile acids in the intestine. In the present study, we examined the effects of different dietary Ca levels on the serum lipid profile and cholesterol metabolism in obese Zucker rats fed a low-fat diet. We also tested whether dietary Ca interfered with the lipid-lowering effects of a pine oil-derived plant sterol mixture. Increase in dietary Ca intake from 0·2 to 0·8 %, and further to 2·1 % (w/w) dose-dependently decreased serum total cholesterol (r -0·565, P=0·002, n 27), LDL-cholesterol (r -0·538, P=0·006, n 25), and triacylglycerol (r -0·484, P=0·014, n 25) concentrations, and increased HDL-cholesterol (r 0·478, P=0·016, n 25) and HDL : LDL cholesterol (r 0·672, P<0·001, n 25) in rats fed a 1 % cholesterol diet. Analysis of serum campesterol : cholesterol and sitosterol : cholesterol suggested that Ca dose-dependently increased intestinal cholesterol absorption (r 0·913, P<0·001, n 18), whereas serum desmosterol : cholesterol and lathosterol : cholesterol indicated that Ca dose-dependently increased endogenous cholesterol synthesis (r 0·691, P=0·003, n 18). Therefore, the decrease of serum LDL-cholesterol appeared to be due to Ca-induced increase in the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids. The increase in Ca intake did not interfere with the beneficial effects of plant sterols on serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentrations. The high-Ca diet with plant sterol supplementation further increased the HDL-cholesterol concentration and HDL : LDL cholesterol. The present findings indicate that the beneficial effects of dietary Ca on the serum lipid profile during a low-fat diet are dose-dependent, and resemble those of bile acid sequestrants. Increased dietary Ca did not impede the lipid-lowering effects of natural plant sterols.

Abstract 18754: Genetic Predisposition to Coronary Artery Disease and Changes in Lipid Profile in Response to 2-year Weight-loss Diet Intervention: The Pounds Lost Trial

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiange Wang ◽  
Tao Huang ◽  
Yan Zheng ◽  
George Bray ◽  
Frank M Sacks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Diet Intervention ◽  
Low Fat Diet

Introduction: Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor of coronary artery disease (CAD), and is affected by interaction between genetic and environmental factors, such as diets. Weight-loss diet intervention has been widely used to improve lipids to mitigate cardiovascular complications of obesity. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that the genetic predisposition to CAD may modify lipids metabolism in response to diets. Methods: We calculated a genetic risk score (GRS) based on 19 CAD-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms in 744 adults from a 2-year diet intervention study: the POUNDS Lost trial. We examined the changes in total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides by the GRS and diet intervention. Results and Conclusions: We found significant interaction between the GRS and dietary fat intake on changes in total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol (P-interaction=0.02, 0.01 and 0.02, respectively) after the 2-year intervention. Overall, both low- and high-fat diets decreased total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, but increased HDL cholesterol. At 2 years, in the highest tertile of the GRS, participants eating the low-fat diet showed a greater decrease in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol than those eating the high-fat diet; whereas participants eating the high-fat diet showed a greater increase in HDL cholesterol than those eating the low-fat diet (all P<0.001). In lower tertiles of the GRS, the difference in lipids changes between the two diet groups was not significant. In conclusion, genetic predisposition to CAD might modify the dietary fat induced lipids changes. Our data suggest that in participants with higher genetic risk, low-fat diet may lower total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, while high-fat diet may improve HDL cholesterol. And in participants with lower genetic risk, the two diets showed similar effects on improvement of lipid profile.

scholarly journals The Mediterranean Eating in Scotland Experience project: evaluation of an Internet-based intervention promoting the Mediterranean diet

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angeliki Papadaki ◽  
Jane A. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Monounsaturated Fat ◽  
Feedback Intervention ◽  
Intention To Treat ◽  
The Mediterranean

A 6-month intervention study with a quasi-experimental design was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of an Internet-based, stepwise, tailored-feedback intervention promoting four key components of the Mediterranean diet. Fifty-three (intervention group) and nineteen (control group) healthy females were recruited from the Universities of Glasgow and Glasgow Caledonian, Scotland, respectively. Participants in the intervention group received tailored dietary and psychosocial feedback and Internet nutrition education over a 6-month period, while participants in the control group were provided with minimal dietary feedback and general healthy-eating brochures. Internet education was provided via an innovative Mediterranean Eating Website. Dietary changes were assessed with 7 d estimated food diaries at baseline and 6 months, and data were analysed to calculate the Mediterranean Diet Score, a composite score based on the consumption of eight components of the traditional Mediterranean diet. The ‘intention-to-treat’ analyses showed that, at 6 months, participants in the intervention group had significantly increased their intake of vegetables, fruits and legumes, as well as the MUFA:saturated fatty acid ratio in their diet, and had significantly increased plasma HDL-cholesterol levels and a reduced ratio of total:HDL-cholesterol. Participants in the control group increased their intake of legumes but showed no other favourable significant changes compared with baseline. This Internet-based, tailored-feedback intervention promoting components of the Mediterranean diet holds promise in encouraging a greater consumption of plant foods, as well as increasing monounsaturated fat and decreasing saturated fat in the Scottish diet; it also shows that the Mediterranean diet can be adopted by healthy individuals in northern European countries.

scholarly journals Increased serum cholesterol and long-chain fatty acid levels are associated with the efficacy of nivolumab in patients with non-small cell lung cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masato Karayama ◽  
Naoki Inui ◽  
Yusuke Inoue ◽  
Katsuhiro Yoshimura ◽  
Kazutaka Mori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract Background Lipids have immunomodulatory functions and the potential to affect cancer immunity. Methods The associations of pretreatment serum cholesterol and long-chain fatty acids with the objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were evaluated in 148 patients with non-small cell lung cancer who received nivolumab. Results When each lipid was separately evaluated, increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (P < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (P = 0.014), total cholesterol (P = 0.007), lauric acid (P = 0.015), myristic acid (P = 0.022), myristoleic acid (P = 0.035), stearic acid (P = 0.028), linoleic acid (P = 0.005), arachidic acid (P = 0.027), eicosadienoic acid (P = 0.017), dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (P = 0.036), and behenic acid levels (P = 0.032) were associated with longer PFS independent of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. Meanwhile, increased LDL-cholesterol (P < 0.001), HDL-cholesterol (P = 0.009), total cholesterol (P = 0.036), linoleic acid (P = 0.014), and lignoceric acid levels (P = 0.028) were associated with longer OS independent of PD-L1 expression. When multiple lipids were evaluated simultaneously, LDL-cholesterol (P = 0.003), HDL-cholesterol (P = 0.036), and lauric acid (P = 0.036) were independently predictive of PFS, and LDL-cholesterol (P = 0.008) and HDL-cholesterol (P = 0.031) were predictive of OS. ORR was not associated with any serum lipid. Conclusions Based on the association of prolonged survival in patients with increased serum cholesterol and long-chain fatty acid levels, serum lipid levels may be useful for predicting the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.

Abstract 480: Exacerbation of Arterial Stiffness in Obese Adiponectin Deficient Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Megha Murali ◽  
Carla Taylor ◽  
Peter Zahradka ◽  
Jeffrey Wigle
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

Background and Objective: Arterial stiffness is recognized as being an independent predictor of incipient vascular disease associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. In obese subjects, the decrease in the plasma level of adiponectin, an anti-diabetic and anti-atherogenic adipokine, is well known. Hence the aim of our study was to examine the effect of loss of adiponectin on the development of arterial stiffness in response to a high fat diet. Methods and Results: Male 8-week old adiponectin knockout (APN KO) and C57BL/6 (control) mice were fed a high fat diet (60% Calories from fat) for 12 weeks to induce obesity and insulin resistance (n=10/group). APN KO and C57BL/6 mice were fed a low fat diet (10% Calories from fat) and used as lean controls (n=10/group). After 12 weeks on the high fat diet, the APN KO mice weighed significantly more than the C57BL/6 mice (45.1±1.3 g vs 40.1±1.1 g, p=0.0008) but there was no difference in the final weights between genotypes fed the low fat diet. APN KO mice on both high and low fat diets for 12 weeks developed insulin resistance as measured by oral glucose tolerance test (Area under curve (AUC) mmol/L х min = 437±70 and 438±57) as compared to the C57BL/6 mice fed low or high fat diets (AUC mmol/L х min = 251±27 and 245±43). Arterial stiffness was determined by Doppler pulse wave velocity analysis of the femoral artery. Pulse wave velocity was increased in APN KO mice fed a high fat diet relative to those fed the low fat diet (12.56±0.78 cm/s vs 9.47±0.95 cm/s, p=0.0035; n=8-10). Pulse wave velocity was not different between C57BL/6 control mice on the low or high fat diets (10.63±0.73 cm/s and 10.86±0.50 cm/s), thus revealing that only mice deficient in adiponectin developed arterial stiffness in response to high fat diet. Conclusions: Potentiation of the vascular stiffness in diet-induced obese APN KO mice indicates that adiponectin has a role in modulating vascular structure and the APN KO mouse models the vascular changes that occur in human obesity and metabolic disorders. Morphometric analysis of the aortic tissues for vessel thickness and expression of extracellular proteins will further validate the potential role of adiponectin on the maintenance of arterial elasticity in addition to its known effect on eNOS mediated vasoprotection.

scholarly journals Effects of yoghurt enriched with plant sterols on serum lipids in patients with moderate hypercholesterolaemia

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Volpe ◽  
Leena Niittynen ◽  
Riitta Korpela ◽  
Cesare Sirtori ◽  
Antonello Bucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Plant Sterols ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Dose Dependent

The objective of the present study was to assess the effect of consumption of a yoghurt-based drink enriched with 1–2 g plant sterols/d on serum lipids, transaminases, vitamins and hormone status in patients with primary moderate hypercholesterolaemia. Thirty patients were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: a low-fat low-lactose yoghurt-based drink enriched with 1 g plant sterol extracted from soyabean/dv.a low-fat low-lactose yoghurt, for a period of 4 weeks. After a 2-week wash-out period, patients were crossed over for an additional 4-week period. Second, after a 4-week wash-out period, eleven patients were treated with 2 g plant sterols/d in a second open part of the study for a period of 8 weeks. The yoghurt enriched with plant sterols significantly reduced, in a dose-dependent manner, serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels and LDL-cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol (P<0·001), whereas no changes were observed in HDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels, either in the first or the second part of the study. There were only slight, not statistically significant, differences in serum transaminase, vitamin and hormone levels. To conclude, a low-fat yoghurt-based drink moderately enriched with plant sterols may lower total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol effectively in patients with primary moderate hypercholesterolaemia.

Abstract 186: Reduction Of High density lipoprotein Cholesterol After Successfull Dietary Intervention Is Not Accompanied By A Change In Reverse Cholesterol Transport

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Poledne
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Cholesterol Transport ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Cholesterol Transport ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Unsaturated Fat ◽  
Low Cholesterol

Substitution of dietary saturated fat by unsaturated fat and the reduction of dietary cholesterol intake leads to a decrease of LDL cholesterol concentration accompanied usually by a decrease of HDL cholesterol. Method: 18 young male volunteers were fed for 4 weeks either a high cholesterol saturated fat diet or low cholesterol and unsaturated fat diet in crossover design. At the end of both experimental periods, the lipoprotein concentration was determined. In addition, the reverse cholesterol transport from 14 C cholesterol labeled macrophages in tissue cultures was analyzed. Reverse cholesterol transport was calculated as the percentage of radioactivity released from pre-labeled cells to incubation media with serum of each individuals. Results: Highly significant decrease of LDL cholesterol after the unsaturated fat diet was accompanied by a significant decrease of the HDL cholesterol from 1.25 mmol/l to 1.05 mmol/l. Reverse cholesterol transport did not significantly change when the data of high cholesterol saturated fat diet (9.97 ± 1.45) and low cholesterol unsaturated fat diet (9.53 ± 1.41) were compared. There was no correlation between data of the decrease of HDL cholesterol concentration and change in reverse cholesterol transport. Conclusion: We conclude that dietary treatment by hypocholesterolemic diet accompanied by a reduction of HDL cholesterol does not lead to the decrease in reverse cholesterol transport.

Abstract 665: High-monounsaturated Fat Diet Lowers Foamy Monocyte Formation in ApoE-deficient Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Yuan D Perrard ◽  
Huaizhu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Scavenger Receptor ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Monounsaturated Fat ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Dietary Component

Intake of western diet (WD) high in saturated fat and cholesterol causes formation of foamy monocytes (FMs; monocytes containing intracellular lipid droplets) in the circulation, which contribute to atherogenesis, in apoE-/- mice. It remains to be determined which diet component, fat or cholesterol, is more important in inducing FM formation. Mediterranean-type diet (MedD) high in monounsaturated fat (MUF) protects against atherosclerotic events. It is unknown whether MedD affects FM formation. To address these questions, 4 groups of apoE-/- mice were randomly assigned to the following diets: 1) WD (21% w/w milkfat containing 13.3% saturated fat and 5.9% MUF; 0.2% w/w cholesterol); 2) high-fat low-cholesterol diet (HFD, 21% milkfat; 0.05% cholesterol); 3) high-cholesterol low-fat diet (HCD, 5% milkfat; 0.2% cholesterol); 4) MedD with high cholesterol (21% fat containing 2.6% saturated fat and 13.4% MUF from 15% extra-virgin olive oil, 3% walnut fat, 1.5% almond fat and 1.5% hazelnut fat; 0.2% cholesterol). FMs and phenotypes were examined by flow cytometry. Calorie intake and weight changes were not different among the 4 groups of mice. At 1 week on diets, mice on WD or HCD, but not mice on HFD, had abundant FMs in the circulation (Table). Compared to mice on WD or HCD, mice on MedD had lower proportions of FMs and lower side scatter (SSC) values, indicating less lipid, in FMs. Mean fluorescence intensity of CD36, a scavenger receptor, tended to be lower on FMs in mice on MedD than in mice on WD. At 8 weeks, mice on HFD also had abundant FMs, which were, however, still lower than those in mice on WD. Compared to those in mice on WD, the percentage and SSC values of FMs remained lower in mice on MedD for 8 weeks (Table). In summary, high cholesterol appears to be the major dietary component that induces early FM formation in apoE-/- mice while persistent intake of high saturated fat also induces FM formation. Fewer FMs in mice on MedD than on WD or HCD suggests that MUF in MedD may inhibit FM formation.

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