scholarly journals Changes in plasma antioxidant status following consumption of diets high or low in fruit and vegetables or following dietary supplementation with an antioxidant mixture

2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian R. Record ◽  
Ivor E. Dreosti ◽  
Jennifer K. McInerney
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Depletion Period ◽  
Dried Extract ◽  
Plasma Antioxidant ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Antioxidant Diet ◽  
Spray Dried

The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of consumption of a high-fruit and vegetable diet, or a spray-dried extract of selected fruits and vegetables of high antioxidant content, on indices of antioxidant status of individuals consuming a background diet with minimal antioxidant intake. Plasma antioxidant concentrations were determined in twenty-five men following a 2-week depletion period during which they consumed self-selected low-antioxidant diets (less than three servings of fruit and vegetables with no tea, coffee, red wine or fruit juice). Following this period the volunteers consumed either a self-selected diet containing five to seven servings of fruit and vegetables/d, or 30 g of a spray-dried supplement designed to provide the equivalent antioxidant activity of five to seven servings of fruit and vegetables for 2 weeks in a crossover trial. Following consumption of a high-antioxidant diet for 2 weeks, plasma concentrations of ascorbic acid, α- and β-carotene and lutein+zeaxanthin were all significantly increased (P<0.05) over the depletion period. However, concentrations of lycopene, retinol and tocopherol were not affected. Consumption of the supplement also raised the concentrations of these same antioxidants in plasma. Despite the increases in the concentrations of measured antioxidant nutrients, the 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid-equivalent antioxidant capacity of plasma, as estimated by inhibition of metmyoglobin activity, was not significantly affected by any of the dietary treatments.

scholarly journals Evaluation of an FFQ for assessment of antioxidant intake using plasma biomarkers in an ethnically diverse population

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2438-2447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison M Hodge ◽  
Julie A Simpson ◽  
Masha Fridman ◽  
Kevin Rowley ◽  
Dallas R English ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study ◽  
Plasma Retinol ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Plasma Antioxidant ◽  
Β Carotene

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate FFQ estimates of dietary intake of individual antioxidants, fruit and vegetables in comparison to plasma concentrations of each antioxidant, and to determine which individual foods are associated with plasma antioxidant concentrations.DesignDietary (α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, lycopene, retinol, and vitamin E) intakes over 12 months were estimated from a 121-item FFQ. Correlation coefficients, corrected for within-person variability in diet and plasma antioxidants, were used to examine associations between antioxidant concentrations in diet and plasma.SettingMelbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (MCCS).SubjectsMen and women (n3110) who were randomly selected from the MCCS. Participants were aged 36–72 years and were born in Australia, Greece, Italy or the UK.ResultsCorrelation coefficients for the carotenoids ranged from 0·28 for lycopene to 0·46 for β-cryptoxanthin. There was no association between dietary and plasma retinol or dietary vitamin E with plasma α- and γ-tocopherol. Individual plasma carotenoid concentrations were associated with intakes of fruit and vegetables.ConclusionsOur data suggest that the FFQ provides useful information on intakes of each of the carotenoids: α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene and lutein/zeaxanthin. There was no association between diet and plasma markers of retinol or vitamin E; this may reflect the importance of factors other than intake in modifying circulating levels of these nutrients.

Consumption of Mesona chinensis Attenuates Postprandial Glucose and Improves Antioxidant Status Induced by a High Carbohydrate Meal in Overweight Subjects

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (02) ◽  
pp. 315-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charoonsri Chusak ◽  
Thavaree Thilavech ◽  
Sirichai Adisakwattana
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Dried Extract ◽  
Plasma Antioxidant ◽  
Overweight Subjects

Edible plants constitute a potential source for controlling postprandial hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to investigate in vitro antioxidant and intestinal α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of Mesona chinensis (MC). In addition, the acute effect of MC on postprandial glucose and plasma antioxidant status after the consumption of a high carbohydrate (HC) meal by overweight subjects was also determined. The results showed that total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the extract were 212.37 ± 5.64 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dried extract and 23.44 ± 2.50 mg catechin equivalents/g dried extract, respectively. MC extract markedly inhibited the intestinal maltase and sucrose with the IC50 values of 4.66 ± 0.22 mg/mL and 1.30 ± 0.43 mg/mL, respectively. However, MC extract had no inhibitory activity against pancreatic α-amylase. In addition, MC extract had antioxidant properties including DPPH radical scavenging activity, superoxide radical scavenging activity (SRSA), hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (HRSA), trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and ferrous ion cheating activity (FICP). The significant decrease in postprandial plasma glucose, triglyceride and malondialdehyde levels, and the increase in plasma antioxidant capacity (FRAP and ORAC) were observed in overweight subjects receiving a HC meal together with MC extract (1 g). The finding supports that MC helps normalize and enhance antioxidant defense induced by a HC meal, suggesting that MC may have the potential for the prevention of chronic conditions and diseases associated with overweight and obesity.

scholarly journals Plasma malondialdehyde is induced by smoking: a study with balanced antioxidant profiles

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Lykkesfeldt ◽  
Michael Viscovich ◽  
Henrik E. Poulsen
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Plasma Antioxidant ◽  
Plasma Malondialdehyde

It has been reported that smokers have higher plasma malondialdehyde concentrations compared with non-smokers. However, smokers have also consistently been shown to have a lower intake of fruits and vegetables as well as lower plasma antioxidant concentrations. Since both the latter issues may well influence the malondialdehyde concentration, we wanted to investigate if the observed difference between smokers and non-smokers was a result of differences in antioxidant status or if a more direct effect of smoking could also be isolated. In the present study, the plasma malondialdehyde and antioxidant profiles of a cohort of smokers (n48) and non-smokers (n32) were compared. While there was no significant difference in the major plasma antioxidants measured, i.e. ascorbic acid, α- and γ-tocopherol and uric acid, we found a significant effect of smoking on plasma malondialdehyde (P=0·0003). Consequently, the present study suggests that lipid peroxidation as measured by plasma malondialdehyde is induced by smokingper se. While poor antioxidant status presumably also affects lipid peroxidation, it is only partly responsible for the increased level found in smokers in general.

Abstract P283: Healthy Food Marketing Can Potentially Increase Consumption of Fruit and Vegetables in New York City Neighborhoods

Circulation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
David S Siscovick ◽  
Donglan Zhang ◽  
José A Pagán
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Dietary Behaviors ◽  
Food Marketing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Neighborhood Level

Introduction: Consumption of fruit and vegetables is associated with a lower risk of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease . While five or more servings of fruits and vegetables are recommended, only 50% of residents of New York City (NYC) consume two or more servings a day. While food marketing can change individual dietary behaviors, there is limited evidence on the extent to which healthy food marketing strategies—such as community-based and mass-media campaigns—influence fruit and vegetable consumption at the neighborhood level. Agent-based modeling (ABM) has the potential to provide new insights on how healthy food marketing may impact dietary behaviors by simulating interventions, consumption decisions, and interactions among people in different contexts. Hypothesis: Healthy food marketing significantly increases consumption of fruit and vegetables in NYC neighborhoods. The impact of healthy food marketing varies across different neighborhoods depending on population characteristics and the local food environment. Methods: We developed an ABM that takes into account individual and neighborhood-level factors (e.g., age, gender, education, food environment) and influences of social networks (peers, friends, and family) to predict dietary behaviors of individuals at the neighborhood level. Model parameters were estimated from the Food Attitudes and Behaviors Survey, United States Census data, and previous studies. Healthy food marketing can strengthen positive social norms with regard to dietary behaviors. We simulated two hypothetical healthy food marketing interventions that could improve the influence of positive social norms by 5% and 10%, respectively. We predicted the impact of these interventions on the proportion of the population who consume two or more servings of fruits and vegetables across 34 NYC neighborhoods (defined by the United Hospital Fund) in three years. We validated our model using data from the NYC Community Health Survey. Results: The simulation results suggested that the healthy food marketing interventions have the potential to increase the proportion of the population who consume two or more servings of fruits and vegetables over three years: for a 5% improvement on positive social norms, the increase in the proportion was 0.58% - 8.97% by neighborhood; and for a 10% improvement on positive social norms, 2.68% - 13.94% by neighborhood. Exploratory analyses suggested that among population characteristics, a high proportion of population without a high school diploma was associated with lower effectiveness of healthy food marketing in increasing consumption of fruits and vegetables. Conclusions: Healthy food marketing may increase consumption of fruits and vegetables in NYC, but more attention to the mechanisms that account for the lower increase in neighborhoods with low educational attainment is needed.

246 Effects of Feeding Thermally Processed Spray-dried Egg Whites on Growth Performance, Apparent Digestibility, and Oxidative Stress in Nursery Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 91-92
Author(s):  
Victoria C Wilson ◽  
Brian J Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Protein Carbonyls ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Thermally Processed ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Spray Dried

Abstract The objectives of this study were to determine if feeding thermally processed (TP, heated at 100°C for 120 h) spray-dried egg whites (SDEW) to nursery pigs would impact growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of GE, N, and S, and oxidative stress. Thirty-two barrows, (initial BW 7.1 kg) were randomly assigned to dietary treatments with 1 pig per pen. In a preliminary study, thermally processing SDEW at 100°C for 120 h increased protein carbonyls (PC) from 6 µmol/g to 19.4 µmol/g (P ≤ 0.01). Diets included either 12% SDEW, 6% TP-SDEW plus 6% SDEW, or 12% TP-SDEW. The experiment lasted 24 d for collection of growth performance data, while plasma was collected on d 21 and liver tissue harvested on d 24 to analyze for markers of oxidative stress. Feces were collected on d 22 for measures of ATTD. Daily gain, daily feed intake, feed efficiency, and ATTD of GE were not found to be different among dietary treatments (P ≥ 0.57). In contrast, ATTD of N (P = 0.11) and S (P = 0.03) were found to increase with increasing protein oxidation in the diet. There was no change in the plasma or liver F2-isoprostanes and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine among dietary treatments (P ≥ 0.28). An increase in plasma PC (P = 0.02) was observed in pigs fed 12% TP-SDEW compared to pigs fed 12% SDEW and pigs fed 6% TP-SDEW. In contrast, a decrease in liver tissue PC (P = 0.04) was observed in pigs fed 6% TP-SDEW compared to pigs fed 12% SDEW and 12% TP-SDEW. These results indicate that feeding TP-SDEW does not affect growth performance, ATTD of GE, and oxidative stress as indicated by F2-isoprostanes or 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine; but appeared to have variable effects on oxidative stress as measured by PC.

scholarly journals The Effect of a 12-Week Health Training Program on Selected Anthropometric and Biochemical Variables in Middle-Aged Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanda Pilch ◽  
Łukasz Tota ◽  
Ewa Sadowska-Krępa ◽  
Anna Piotrowska ◽  
Magdalena Kępińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Inflammation Markers ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Health Training ◽  
Plasma Antioxidant

Regular moderate physical activity positively affects health, fitness, and body composition; it regulates the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines levels. Vitamin D plays an important regulatory role; its adequate levels correlate with low values of inflammation markers and an increase in muscle strength and fitness in exercising people. The study’s aim was to evaluate changes in somatic variables, oxidative stress, and inflammation markers, as well as blood calcidiol concentration in middle-aged healthy women after 12 weeks of aerobics classes—endurance exercises, including choreographic sequences, aiming to improve fitness and motor coordination. The training led to a significant reduction of body mass and fat tissue; it induced an increase in lean body mass. After the 12-week training program, plasma antioxidant status increased (0.65 ± 0.21,p<0.01) and the concentration of lipid peroxidation products decreased (0.07 ± 0.02,p<0.001). A significant increase in plasma antioxidant status associated with training could have reduced the level of proinflammatory interleukin as indicated by a positive correlation between these variables (rs= 0.64,p<0.05). The study proved that a 12-week health training program in physically inactive middle-aged women might provide improvements in their anthropometric parameters and selected biochemical indicators.

scholarly journals Quercetin Alleviates the Immunotoxic Impact Mediated by Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Induced by Doxorubicin Expo-Sure in Rats

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1906
Author(s):  
Mayada R. Farag ◽  
Attia A. A. Moselhy ◽  
Amany El-Mleeh ◽  
Samira H. Aljuaydi ◽  
Tamer Ahmed Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agent ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Apoptotic Markers ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Chemotherapy Patients ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cat Gene

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapeutic agent against hematogenous and solid tumors with undesirable side effects including immunosuppression. Quercetin (QUR), a natural flavonoid abundant in fruits and vegetables, has a potent antioxidant activity. The aim of the current study was to assess the impact of QUR on DOX-induced hematological and immunological dysfunctions in a rodent model. Randomly grouped rats were treated as follows: control, QUR alone (50 mg/kg for 15 days per os), DOX alone (2.5 mg/kg I/P, three times a week, for two weeks), and co-treated rats with QUR for 15 days prior to and concomitantly with DOX (for two weeks), at the doses intended for groups two and three. DOX alone significantly disrupted the erythrogram and leukogram variables. Serum immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, and IgE) levels and the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and in spleen were declined. The DNA damage traits in spleen were elevated with an upregulation of the expression of the apoptotic markers (p53 and Caspase-3 genes) and the proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α genes), while the expression of CAT gene was downregulated. These biochemical changes were accompanied by morphological changes in the spleen of DOX-treated rats. Co-treatment with QUR abated most of the DOX-mediated alterations in hematological variables, serum immunoglobulins, and spleen antioxidant status, pro-inflammatory and apoptotic responses, and histopathological alterations. In essence, these data suggest that QUR alleviated DOX-induced toxicities on the bone marrow, spleen, and antibody-producing cells. Supplementation of chemotherapy patients with QUR could circumvent the DOX-induced inflammation and immunotoxicity, and thus prevent chemotherapy failure.

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