scholarly journals Urinary excretion of purine derivatives as an index of microbial-nitrogen intake in growing rabbits

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Balcells ◽  
J. M. Ganuza ◽  
J. F. Pérez ◽  
S. M. Martín-Orúe ◽  
M. González Ronquillo
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
Se 33 ◽  
The Relationship

Three experiments were carried out to establish a response model between intake and urinary excretion of purine compounds. In Expt 1 the relationship between the intake of purine bases (PB) and the excretion of total purine derivatives (PD) was determined in seven growing rabbits with a mean initial live weight (LW) of 2·03 (SE 0·185) kg, aged 70 d, each fitted with a wooden neck collar to prevent caecotrophagy. They were fed on five experimental diets formulated with different levels of nucleic acids (0·00, 3·75, 7·50, 11·25, 15·00 g yeast-RNA/kg diet). The relationship between intake of purine (x,μmol/kg W0·75) and total urinary PD excretion (y,μmol/kg W0·75),y= 0·56 + 0·67x(r20·86; RSD 0·338), indicated that about 70% of duodenal PB were recovered as urinary PD and that the endogenous contribution was constant and independent of dietary PB supply. Endogenous excretion of PD (allantoin and uric acid) was measured in a second experiment using six rabbits fed on a purine-free diet and fitted with neck collars to avoid caecotrophagy. Basal daily urinary excretion values for allantoin and uric acid were 532 (SE 33·9) and 55 (SE 7·3) μmol/kg W0·75respectively; xanthine and hypoxanthine were not found in urine samples and therefore the sum of allantoin and uric acid should comprise the total excretion of PD (588 (SE 40·1) μmol/kg W0·75). The xanthine oxidase (EC 1·2.3·2) activity in plasma, liver, duodenum, jejunum and kidney was measured in a third experiment. The activities of xanthine oxidase in duodenal and jejunal mucosa, liver and kidney were: 0·61 (SE 0·095), 0·37 (SE 0·045), 0·035 (SE 0·001) and 0 units/g fresh tissue respectively and in plasma 2·96 (SE 0·094) units/1. The results show that urinary excretion of PD may be a useful tool to estimate duodenal PB input and microbial protein intake once the relationship between PB and N has been established in caecal micro-organisms.

scholarly journals Urinary excretion of purine derivatives and tissue xanthine oxidase (EC 1.2.3.2) activity in buffaloes (Bubalis bubalis) with special reference to differences between buffaloes and Bos taurus cattle

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. B. Chen ◽  
L. Samaraweera ◽  
D. J. Kyle ◽  
E. R. Ørskov ◽  
H. Abeygunawardene
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Creatinine Excretion ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

AbstractThe urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD) was measured in six buffaloes (Bubalis bubalis) during fasting and in fourteen buffaloes given four restricted levels of roughage (2·5-4·8 kg DM/d). Only allantoin and uric acid, not xanthine and hypoxanthine, were present in the urine, the pattern of excretion being similar to that in cattle. The fasting PD excretion amounted to 0·20 (SD 0·06) mmol/kg metabolic weight (W0·75) per d, and the rate of PD excretion as a linear function of feed intake was 5·2 mmol/kg digestible organic matter intake. Both values were considerably lower than the values for cattle reported in the literature. Creatinine excretion values were 0·33 (SD 0·06) and 0·44 (SD 0·09) mmol/kg W0.75 per d determined in fasting and feeding periods respectively. Fasting N excretion was 257 (SD 49) mg N/kg W0.75 per d. Both creatinine and fasting N excretions were also lower than in cattle. The activities of xanthine oxidase (EC 1.2.3.2) in plasma, liver and intestinal mucosa were determined in buffaloes, cattle and sheep. Xanthine oxidase activities in buffaloes were 24·5 (SD 2·7) unit/l plasma and 0·44 (SD 0·02) and 0·31 (SD 0·10) unit/g fresh tissue in liver and intestinal mucosa respectively. These activities were higher than those in cattle and sheep. Xanthine oxidase was practically absent from plasma and intestine of sheep. It is suggested that the differences in PD excretion between buffaloes and cattle were probably due to the smaller proportion of plasma PD that was disposed of in the urine of buffaloes.

The effect of protein infusion on urinary excretion of purine derivatives in ruminants nourished by intragastric nutrition

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Fujihara ◽  
E. R. Ørskov ◽  
P. J. Reeds ◽  
D. J. Kyle
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
The Other ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Average Recovery ◽  
Expected Values ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryTwo experiments were carried out to determine endogenous excretion of purine derivatives in steers and lambs, and to investigate the relationship between microbial nucleic acid input and urinary excretion of purine nitrogen.The endogenous excretion of allantoin after conversion of hypoxanthine, xanthine and uric acid to allantoin, was calculated to be 72 and 26 mg/kg W0·75 per day in steers and lambs, respectively, when the dietary protein contained no nucleic acid nitrogen.The excretion of purine derivatives increased linearly with increasing microbial nucleic acid input in lambs. The excretion of purine derivatives in excess of endogenous contribution was closely related to the theoretically expected values. The average recovery was calculated as 0·96 for one sheep and 1·0 for the other.

scholarly journals Urinary excretion of purine derivatives as an index of microbial protein synthesis in the camel (Camelus dromedarius)

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelhai Guerouali ◽  
Youssef El Gass ◽  
Joaquim Balcells ◽  
Alvaro Belenguer ◽  
John Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Camelus Dromedarius ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Gut Mucosa

Five experiments were carried out to extend knowledge of purine metabolism in the camel (Camelus dromedarius) and to establish a model to enable microbial protein outflow from the forestomachs to be estimated from the urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD; i.e. xanthine, hypoxanthine, uric acid, allantoin). In experiment 1, four camels were fasted for five consecutive days to enable endogenous PD excretion in urine to be determined. Total PD excretion decreased during the fasting period to 267 (se 41·5)?μmol/kg body weight (W)0·75 per d. Allantoin and xanthine+hypoxanthine were consistently 86 and 6·1?% of total urinary PD during this period but uric acid increased from 3·6?% to 7·4?%. Xanthine oxidase activity in tissues (experiment 2) was (μmol/min per g fresh tissue) 0·038 in liver and 0·005 in gut mucosa but was not detected in plasma. In experiment 3, the duodenal supply of yeast containing exogenous purines produced a linear increase in urinary PD excretion rate with the slope indicating that 0·63 was excreted in urine. After taking account of endogenous PD excretion, the relationship can be used to predict purine outflow from the rumen. From the latter prediction, and also the purine:protein ratio in bacteria determined in experiment 5, we predicted the net microbial outflow from the rumen. In experiment 4, with increasing food intake, the rate of PD excretion in the urine increased linearly by about 11·1?mmol PD/kg digestible organic matter intake (DOMI), equivalent to 95?g microbial protein/kg DOMI.

Urinary excretion of allantoin and allantoin precursors by sheep after different rates of purine infusion into the duodenum

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Balcells ◽  
J. A. Guada ◽  
C. Castrillo ◽  
J. Gasa
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Urinary Recovery ◽  
Purine Derivative ◽  
Purine Bases ◽  
Proximal Duodenum ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Energy Maintenance

SUMMARYTwo experiments were carried out to determine endogenous losses and the response of urinary purine derivatives to increased duodenal inputs of purine bases. Four ewes each fitted with a re-entrant cannula at the proximal duodenum, and conventionally fed, were subjected to full replacement of duodenal digesta followed by the administration of a solution either free of purines (Expt 1) or enriched with increasing amounts of purines, to supply 0·48–21·27 mmol/animal per day (Expt 2). Basal daily urinary excretions of allantoin, uric acid, hypoxanthine and xanthine were 11·5 ± 0·94, 9·9 ± 0·67, 6·9 ± 0·46 and 1·2 ±0·16 mg/kg W0·75. Allantoin was the only purine derivative which increased in response to incremental inputs of duodenal purines. The relationship between allantoin excretion and infused purines showed a urinary recovery of 0·8 for purines infused at > 220 μmol/kg W0·76. Lower rates of infusion did not alter allantoin excretion. The results show urinary allantoin to be a useful index to estimate duodenal input of purines when animals are fed close to or above their energy maintenance requirements.

scholarly journals Excretion of purine derivatives by ruminants: endogenous excretion, differences between cattle and sheep

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. B. Chen ◽  
E. R. Ørskov ◽  
F. D. DeB. Hovell
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Purine Derivative ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase Activity ◽  
Milk Substitute ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

The endogenous urinary excretion of the purine derivatives allantoin, uric acid and xanthine plus hypoxanthine were measured in twenty-nine lambs, ten cattle (six steers, one cow and three preruminant calves) and four pigs. The sheep and mature cattle were nourished by intragastric infusion and the calves were given a milk-substitute. The pigs were fed on a purine-free diet. The excretion of total purine derivatives was substantially greater by the cattle, being 514 (se 20.6) μmol/kg live weight (W)0·75 per d compared with 168 (se 5·0) μmol/kg W0·75 per d by the sheep and 166 (se 2·6) μmol/kg W0·75 per d by the pigs. Plasma from normally fed sheep, cows and pigs was incubated with either xanthine or uric acid. Sheep and pig plasma had no xanthine oxidase (ec 1. 2. 3. 2) activity whereas plasma from cattle did. Uricase (ec 1. 7. 3. 3) was not present in plasma of cattle and pigs and appeared to be present in trace amounts only in sheep plasma. It is suggested that the species differences in endogenous purine derivative excretion were probably due to the different profiles of xanthine oxidase activity in tissues and particularly in the blood. This is because a high xanthine oxidase activity in tissues and particularly in the blood. This is because a high xanthine oxidase activity would reduce the chance to recycle purines, by increasing the probability of degradation to compounds which could not be salvaged.

scholarly journals Uric Acid, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Chronic Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Iliesiu ◽  
Alexandru Campeanu ◽  
Daciana Marta ◽  
Irina Parvu ◽  
Gabriela Gheorghe
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Lv Function ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background. Oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation are major mechanisms involved in the progression of chronic heart failure (CHF). Serum uric acid (sUA) is related to CHF severity and could represent a marker of xanthine-oxidase activation. The relationship between sUA, oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation markers was assessed in patients with moderate-severe CHF and reduced left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF). Methods. In 57 patients with stable CHF, functional NYHA class III, with EF<40%, the LV function was assessed by N-terminal of the prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels and echocardiographically through the EF and E/e’ ratio, a marker of LV filling pressures. The relationship between LV function, sUA, malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), paraoxonase 1 (PON-1) as OS markers and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) as markers of systemic inflammation was evaluated. Results. The mean sUA level was 7.9 ± 2.2 mg/dl, and 61% of the CHF patients had hyperuricemia. CHF patients with elevated LV filling pressures (E/e’ ≥ 13) had higher sUA (8.6 ± 2.3 vs. 7.3 ± 1.4, p=0.08) and NT-proBNP levels (643±430 vs. 2531±709, p=0.003) and lower EF (29.8 ± 3.9 % vs. 36.3 ± 4.4 %, p=0.001). There was a significant correlation between sUA and IL-6 (r = 0.56, p<0.001), MDA (r= 0.49, p= 0.001), MPO (r=0.34, p=0.001) and PON-1 levels (r= −0.39, p= 0.003). Conclusion. In CHF, hyperuricemia is associated with disease severity. High sUA levels in CHF with normal renal function may reflect increased xanthine-oxidase activity linked with chronic inflammatory response.

The relationship between microbial N synthesis and urinary excretion of purine derivatives in Dorper×thin-tailed Han crossbred sheep

2013 ◽  
Vol 112 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Ma ◽  
Kaidong Deng ◽  
Chenggang Jiang ◽  
Yan Tu ◽  
Naifeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Microbial N

Urinary recovery of allantoin in normally fed steers

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 80-80
Author(s):  
F. Herrera Gomez ◽  
F. D. Deb Hovell ◽  
C. A. Sandoval Castro
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Recovery Factor ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Urinary Recovery ◽  
Host Animal ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Normal Feeding ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Infusion Technique ◽  
Microbial N

Studies in the use of the purine derivatives technique in ruminants have been stimulated by the possible use of this technique as an estimator of the rumen microbial-N supplied to the host animal. The recovery factor influences the estimation of the total purines absorbed and therefore the microbial-N supply. The relationship between exogenous purine input and urinary excretion and recovery has been studied using cattle maintained with the intragastric infusion technique (Orskov et al., 1979). The urinary recovery of exogenous purines has been estimated to be 0.77-0.85 (Chen et al., 1990a, Verbic et al., 1990), and this relationship has been assumed to be applicable to normal feeding situations. To our knowledge there is no data to support or reject this approach. This study examined the urinary recovery of exogenous allantoin input in steers under normal feeding conditions.

Urinary recovery of allantoin in normally fed steers

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 80-80
Author(s):  
F. Herrera Gomez ◽  
F. D. Deb Hovell ◽  
C. A. Sandoval Castro
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Recovery Factor ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Urinary Recovery ◽  
Host Animal ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Normal Feeding ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Infusion Technique ◽  
Microbial N

Studies in the use of the purine derivatives technique in ruminants have been stimulated by the possible use of this technique as an estimator of the rumen microbial-N supplied to the host animal. The recovery factor influences the estimation of the total purines absorbed and therefore the microbial-N supply. The relationship between exogenous purine input and urinary excretion and recovery has been studied using cattle maintained with the intragastric infusion technique (Orskov et al., 1979). The urinary recovery of exogenous purines has been estimated to be 0.77-0.85 (Chen et al., 1990a, Verbic et al., 1990), and this relationship has been assumed to be applicable to normal feeding situations. To our knowledge there is no data to support or reject this approach. This study examined the urinary recovery of exogenous allantoin input in steers under normal feeding conditions.

Basal urinary excretion of purine derivatives in sheep

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 109-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Balcells ◽  
J.A. Guada ◽  
C. Castrillo ◽  
J.I. Bonafonte
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Exogenous Supply

In ruminants duodenal purines,mainly derived from microbial nucleic acids, are catabolised and excreted in the urine as xanthine, hypoxanthine, uric acid and allantoin. The use of purine derivatives as an index of net microbial syntesis in the rumen requires a better understanding of the contribution of endogenus losses to total urinary excretion.Similar levels of basal excretion of purine derivatives has been determined in ruminants maintained by intragastric nutrition (Giesecke et al. 1984, Fujihara et al. 1987) and preruminants fed on liquid diets (Linberg, 1989). However, lower excretion of allantoin and uric acid were recorded when exogenous supply was reduced by fasting (Rys et al. 1975).

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