scholarly journals Excretion of endogenous and exogenous purine derivatives in sheep: effect of increased concentrate intake

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Pérez ◽  
J. Balcells ◽  
J. A. Cebrián ◽  
S. M. Martín-Orúe
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Isotope Dilution ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Marker System ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter

The present study examined the endogenous urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD; allantoin, uric acid and xanthine plus hypoxanthine) in fed animals. Four Rasa Aragonesa ewes fitted with simple cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used. Animals were given a lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay diet, as sole feed (A) or supplemented, respectively, with 220 (B), 400 (C), and 550 (D) g rolled barley grain/d following a 4 × 4 random factorial design. Duodenal flow of purine bases (PB) was determined by the dual-phase marker system. 15N was infused continuously into the rumen to label exogenous or microbial PB. Duodenal PB flow and urinary excretion of PD increased with digestible organic matter intake showing a constant recovery of duodenal PB. The isotope dilution of PD in urine samples confirmed the presence of an endogenous fraction, originating from tissues, that increased from 115.2 (SE 5.84) μmol/kg W0.75 for the basal diet to 304.2 (SE 7.6) μmol/kg W0.75 at the highest level of duodenal PB.

scholarly journals Determination of rumen microbial-nitrogen production in sheep: a comparison of urinary purine excretion with methods using 15N and purine bases as markers of microbial-nitrogen entering the duodenum

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 699-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. erez ◽  
J. Balcells ◽  
J. A. Guada ◽  
C. Castrillo
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Rumen Content ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Purine Bases ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
Microbial N

The present study compares estimates of rumen microbial-N production derived from duodenal flow measurements (15N and purine bases) with those from measurements of the urinary excretion of purine derivatives. Four Rasa Aragonesa ewes fitted with simple cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used. Four diets consisting of 550 g lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay/d as sole feed or supplemented with 220, 400 and 550 g rolled barley grain/d were given in a 4 x 4 random factorial arrangement. Duodenal digesta flows were determined by the dual-phase marker technique during continuous intraruminal infusions of Co-EDTA and Yb-acetate. Microbial contribution to the non-NH3N (NAN)flow was estimated from 15N enrichment and purines: N ratio in duodenal digesta and bacterial fractions isolated from the rumen content. Whole tract organic matter (OM) digestibility and duodenal flow of OM and NAN increased (P<0·001) with the level of barley supplementation. Digestible OM intake ranged from 19·0 to 42·7 g/kg metabolic weight (W0·75) and the duodenal flow of purine bases and the urinary excretion of allantoin increased Linearly (P < 0·001) from minimum values of 7·47 (SD 1·524)and 4·65 (SD 0·705) mmol/d respectively on the basal diet to 18·20 (SD 1·751) and 11·62 (SD 0·214) mmol/d on the 400 g barley diet; a further increase in barley supplementation decreased both variables (13/50 (SD 2/334) and 8/77 (SD 0/617) mmol/d respectively). Urinary excretion of uric acid and hypoxanthine showed a slight but significant increase (P < 0·05) over all levels of barley. Molar recoveries of duodenal purine bases as purine derivatives or allantoin in the urine were 0·78 (SD 0·156) and 0·65 (SD 0·130) respectively. The increase on barley supplementation significantly augmented microbial-N, but large differences between microbial markers employed were observed. Mean values of microbial-N estimated from the duodenal purine bases or urinary allantoin excretion were on average 18 and 29% lower than those measured by 15N.

Rumen microbial production estimated either from urinary purine derivative excretion or from direct measurements of 15N and purine bases as microbial markers: effect of protein source and rumen bacteria isolates

1997 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Pérez ◽  
J. Balcells ◽  
J. A. Guada ◽  
C. Castrillo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Purine Bases ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial N

AbstractFour ewes fitted with ruminal and duodenal T-piece cannulae were each given six diets in a 6 × 4 factorial design. Diets or experimental treatments consisted of two ratios of forage: concentrate (700:150 (LC) and 400: 600 (HO). Forage was ammonia-treated straw and the concentrate was formulated with barley supplemented with one of three protein sources: sunflower meal, soya-bean meal or fish meal. Duodenal flows ofdigesta were estimated by the dual-phase technique using Co-EDTA and Yb acetate as liquid and solid markers. Microbial nitrogen (N) was estimated from the digesta flow of purine bases and 15N enrichment using as reference samples, bacterial isolates from the liquid (LAB) or solid (SAB) phase of rumen digesta.Duodenal flow of purine bases (mmol/day) was lower on LC (12·9) than HC (17·7) diets but in both treatments it was depressed by fish meal (12·3) compared with either soya-bean (17·3) or sunflower meal (16·3) as supplements (s.e. 1·13). Urinary excretion of purine derivatives showed a similar trend, 8·6 v. III mmol/day in LC and HC respectively and 8·8 v. 10·4 and 10·5 mmol/day in fish meal, soya-bean and sunflower meal diets (s.e. 0·56), respectively. Variation in excretion of urinary purine derivatives was mainly associated with digestible organic matter intake with an average ratio of 1·7 (s.e. 0·11) mmol per 100 g digestible organic matter intake. Irrespective of the microbial marker used, microbial yield was higher in animals offered HC than in those offered LC and with soya-bean or sunflower meal compared with fish meal supplemented diets. The microbial purine bases/N (mmol/g) ratio varied between LAB (1·99, s.e. 0·092) and SAB (1·69, s.e. 0·071) isolates leading to different estimates of microbial-N yield (g) from duodenal purine bases (7·76 (s.e. 2·84) v. 9·13 (s.e. 3·24)), urinary excretion of allantoin (5·57 (s.e. 2·0) v. 6·57 (s.e. 2·03)) or total purine derivatives (6·43 (s.e. 2·39) v. 7·56 (s.e. 2·77)). Urinary excretion of allantoin or total purine derivatives provided consistently lower estimates of duodenal microbial-N than duodenal purine bases or 15N, although it closely reflected the pattern observed in direct measurements.

scholarly journals Urinary excretion of purine derivatives and tissue xanthine oxidase (EC 1.2.3.2) activity in buffaloes (Bubalis bubalis) with special reference to differences between buffaloes and Bos taurus cattle

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. B. Chen ◽  
L. Samaraweera ◽  
D. J. Kyle ◽  
E. R. Ørskov ◽  
H. Abeygunawardene
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Creatinine Excretion ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

AbstractThe urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD) was measured in six buffaloes (Bubalis bubalis) during fasting and in fourteen buffaloes given four restricted levels of roughage (2·5-4·8 kg DM/d). Only allantoin and uric acid, not xanthine and hypoxanthine, were present in the urine, the pattern of excretion being similar to that in cattle. The fasting PD excretion amounted to 0·20 (SD 0·06) mmol/kg metabolic weight (W0·75) per d, and the rate of PD excretion as a linear function of feed intake was 5·2 mmol/kg digestible organic matter intake. Both values were considerably lower than the values for cattle reported in the literature. Creatinine excretion values were 0·33 (SD 0·06) and 0·44 (SD 0·09) mmol/kg W0.75 per d determined in fasting and feeding periods respectively. Fasting N excretion was 257 (SD 49) mg N/kg W0.75 per d. Both creatinine and fasting N excretions were also lower than in cattle. The activities of xanthine oxidase (EC 1.2.3.2) in plasma, liver and intestinal mucosa were determined in buffaloes, cattle and sheep. Xanthine oxidase activities in buffaloes were 24·5 (SD 2·7) unit/l plasma and 0·44 (SD 0·02) and 0·31 (SD 0·10) unit/g fresh tissue in liver and intestinal mucosa respectively. These activities were higher than those in cattle and sheep. Xanthine oxidase was practically absent from plasma and intestine of sheep. It is suggested that the differences in PD excretion between buffaloes and cattle were probably due to the smaller proportion of plasma PD that was disposed of in the urine of buffaloes.

scholarly journals Urinary excretion of purine derivatives as an index of microbial protein synthesis in the camel (Camelus dromedarius)

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelhai Guerouali ◽  
Youssef El Gass ◽  
Joaquim Balcells ◽  
Alvaro Belenguer ◽  
John Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Camelus Dromedarius ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Gut Mucosa

Five experiments were carried out to extend knowledge of purine metabolism in the camel (Camelus dromedarius) and to establish a model to enable microbial protein outflow from the forestomachs to be estimated from the urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD; i.e. xanthine, hypoxanthine, uric acid, allantoin). In experiment 1, four camels were fasted for five consecutive days to enable endogenous PD excretion in urine to be determined. Total PD excretion decreased during the fasting period to 267 (se 41·5)?μmol/kg body weight (W)0·75 per d. Allantoin and xanthine+hypoxanthine were consistently 86 and 6·1?% of total urinary PD during this period but uric acid increased from 3·6?% to 7·4?%. Xanthine oxidase activity in tissues (experiment 2) was (μmol/min per g fresh tissue) 0·038 in liver and 0·005 in gut mucosa but was not detected in plasma. In experiment 3, the duodenal supply of yeast containing exogenous purines produced a linear increase in urinary PD excretion rate with the slope indicating that 0·63 was excreted in urine. After taking account of endogenous PD excretion, the relationship can be used to predict purine outflow from the rumen. From the latter prediction, and also the purine:protein ratio in bacteria determined in experiment 5, we predicted the net microbial outflow from the rumen. In experiment 4, with increasing food intake, the rate of PD excretion in the urine increased linearly by about 11·1?mmol PD/kg digestible organic matter intake (DOMI), equivalent to 95?g microbial protein/kg DOMI.

Preliminary studies on urinary excretion of purine derivatives and creatinine in yaks

1999 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. LONG ◽  
S. K. DONG ◽  
X. B. CHEN ◽  
E. R. ØRSKOV ◽  
Z. Z. HU
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Veterinary Science ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Energy Maintenance

Field experiments were conducted at the farm of Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Xining, China during 1996/97 to determine the effects of level of food intake on the urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD), creatinine and nitrogen in yaks (Bos grunniens). Two experiments were carried out with three female yaks (initial body weight 173–187 kg, age 5 years). For Expt 1 a 3×3 Latin square experimental design was used with three levels of oat hay (nitrogen 13·5 g/kg dry matter (DM)) intake treatments, i.e. 0·3, 0·6 and 0·9 of voluntary intake (1·3–3·5 kg DM/d). Each treatment lasted for 17 days and the samples were collected during the last 7 days of each period. For Expt 2 the animals were fed the same oat hay as in Expt 1 for 3 weeks at a level equivalent to the estimated energy maintenance requirement (M) (1·5–2·2 kg DM/d). The intake was then reduced to 0·6 M on day 1, 0·3 M on day 2 and zero from day 3 until day 10. The animals were re-fed in the reverse order for 3 days. Of the PD, only allantoin and uric acid were present in the urine. The proportions of allantoin and uric acid were 0·86 and 0·14 respectively for both experiments. There was no response of creatinine and nitrogen excretions to feed intake. The rates of PD excretion per kg digestible organic matter (DOM) or digestible dry matter (DDM) were 13·5 and 13·6 mmol respectively. As expected, urinary PD excretion increased significantly (P<0·001) with increasing intake of DDM and DOM. The daily fasting PD, creatinine and nitrogen excretions amounted to 0·22±0·02 (S.E.), 0·25±0·01 mmol/kg W0·75 and 314±24·2 mg/kg W0·75 respectively. The results suggest that it is possible to establish a method for estimating intestinal microbial protein flow based on PD excretion in yaks.

Effects of cottonseed meal and cereal grain supplements on intake and utilisation of alkali-treated wheat straw by cattle

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 527
Author(s):  
JC Spragg ◽  
RC Kellaway ◽  
TJ Kempton
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Ad Libitum

Effects of cottonseed meal and cereal grain supplements on intake and utilisation of alkali-treated wheat straw were studied with 45 Friesian heifers (250 kg liveweight) in individual pens. Responses were measured in terms of feed intake and growth rate over 60 days. The basal diet fed ad libitum was coarsely milled wheat straw which was alkali-treated, sprayed with a solution containing urea, sulfur, copper and cobalt and sprinkled with dicalcium phosphate. Animals were also fed 800 g/day of 1 of 5 supplements: cottonseed meal (CSM), whole barley (WB), cracked barley (CB), ammonia-treated whole barley (NB) and extruded barley (EB). Intakes of the basal diet did not differ significantly between groups. Digestible organic matter in dry matter (%) was 53.1, 51.7, 47.2, 47.7, and 48.7 with supplements CSM, CB, WB, NB and EB, respectively; values for CSM and CB were significantly higher than for the other supplements (P< 0.05). Liveweight gains were 891,761,639, 657 and 784 g/day with the respective supplements, and did not differ significantly between CSM, CB and EB. We concluded that CSM did not stimulate intake of roughage more than supplements of barley grain, and that growth of the cattle was limited primarily by intake of energy.

Basal urinary excretion of purine derivatives in sheep

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 109-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Balcells ◽  
J.A. Guada ◽  
C. Castrillo ◽  
J.I. Bonafonte
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Exogenous Supply

In ruminants duodenal purines,mainly derived from microbial nucleic acids, are catabolised and excreted in the urine as xanthine, hypoxanthine, uric acid and allantoin. The use of purine derivatives as an index of net microbial syntesis in the rumen requires a better understanding of the contribution of endogenus losses to total urinary excretion.Similar levels of basal excretion of purine derivatives has been determined in ruminants maintained by intragastric nutrition (Giesecke et al. 1984, Fujihara et al. 1987) and preruminants fed on liquid diets (Linberg, 1989). However, lower excretion of allantoin and uric acid were recorded when exogenous supply was reduced by fasting (Rys et al. 1975).

Renal and salivary clearance of purine derivatives in sheep

1997 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Surra ◽  
J. A. Guada ◽  
J. Balcells ◽  
C. Castrillo
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Buccal Cavity ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Urinary Recovery ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Saline Solutions

AbstractFour adult ewes (mean weight 42·6 kg) fitted with oesophageal fistulae were given 5 mmol/day ofallantoin or saline solutions by intrajugular continuous infusion. The experiment was a randomized cross-over design, with two consecutive 3-day infusion periods. One kg/day fresh matter of either chopped or pelleted fescue hay was distributed over 12 meals and salivary flow estimated from dilution of Co-EDTA infused into the buccal cavity. Allantoin infusion resulted in a rapid increase in its plasma concentration (84 to 128 (s.e. 1·5) μmol/l) and urinary excretion (9·6 to 13·3 (s.e. 0·18) mmol/day) without significant differences between diets. Salivary allantoin also increased (4·6 to 6·4 (s.e. 0·60) ymol/1) in response to infusion, although the concentration of total purine derivatives in saliva was only proportionately 0·08 that of plasma. Renal and salivary clearance of oxypurines, allantoin (78 (s.e. 5·0) ml/min and 13 (s.e. 0·7) ml/h), uric acid (466 (s.e. 98·0) ml/min and 45 (s.e. 9·8) ml/h) and creatinine (104 (s.e. 3·0) ml/min and 14 (s.e. 1·1) ml/h) were constant, irrespective of diet and infusion treatments. Urinary recovery of infused allantoin averaged 0·78 (s.e. 0·031) but salivary secretion, equivalent to about 0·003 of urinary losses, was not the explanation for the incomplete recovery.

scholarly journals Excretion of purine derivatives by ruminants: recycling of allantoin into the rumen via saliva and its fate in the gut

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. B. Chen ◽  
F. D. DeB. Hovell ◽  
E. R. ØRskov
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Complete Destruction ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Micro Organisms

The saliva of sheep was shown to contain significant concentrations of uric acid (16 (sd) 4.5) μmol/l) and allantoin (120 (sd 16.4) μmol/l), sufficient to recycle purine derivatives equivalent to about 0.10 of the normal urinary excretion. When allantoin was incubated in vitro in rumen fluid, it was degraded at a rate sufficient to ensure complete destruction of recycled allantoin. In a series of experiments in which allantoin was infused into the rumen of sheep fed normally, or into the rumen or abomasum of sheep and the rumen of cattle completely nourished by intragastric infusion of volatile fatty acids and casein, no additional allantoin was recovered in the urine. These losses were probably due to the degradation of allantoin by micro-organisms associated with the digestive tract. It is concluded that all allantoin and uric acid recycled to the rumen via saliva will be similarly degraded. Therefore, the use of urinary excretion of purine derivatives as an estimator of the rumen microbial biomass available to ruminants will need to be corrected for such losses.

Purine derivatives excretion and urinary nitrogen losses as influenced by the source of dietary carbohydrates supplementation

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 214-214
Author(s):  
J. Balcells ◽  
M. Fondevila ◽  
J.A. Guada ◽  
J. A. Carriedo
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Suitable Index ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

Utilization of low quality roughages is limited fundamentally by the low energy cont and low DM intake when fed to the ruminant animal. Supplementation with concentrates can al improved energy supply although their inclusion can lead to a negative effect upon rough intake and ruminal cellulolitic activity. Urinary excretion of purine derivatives, urea and may constitute a suitable index to detect possible effects on rumen fermentation.The objective of this study was to determine the effect of changes in rumen fermentat: upon urinary excretion of these compounds induced by dietary supplementation of straw v differents sources of carbohydrates.Twelve Rasa Aragonesa ewes (44±0.45 Kg) were fed “ad libitum” with urea-supplemer barley straw and allocated at random to 3 groups of 4 animals. Each group was supplemented barley grain, sugar beet pulp and grass hay, respectively, at 4 levels of supplementation (: 300, 450 and 600 g/d) in a 4 x 4 latin square design. Each 42-d experimental period compr: 35 days of adjustment period followed by a 7 days measurement period.

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