scholarly journals Influence of foliage from African multipurpose trees on activity of rumen protozoa and bacteria

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J Newbold ◽  
S. M. El Hassan ◽  
J Wang* ◽  
M.E Ortega ◽  
R.J Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Multipurpose Trees ◽  
Bacterial Metabolism ◽  
Sesbania Sesban ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Rumen Protozoa ◽  
Feed Supplements ◽  
Acacia Aneura ◽  
Micro Organisms

Samples and extracts of foliage from African multipurpose trees were screened for their effects on rumen protozoa and bacteria with a view to predicting their safety as feed supplements and for identifying species with potential antiprotozoal activity. The species tested wereAcacia aneura, Charnaecytisus palmensis, Brachychiton populneum, Flindersia maculosa, Sesbania sesban, Leucaena leucocephalaandVernonia amyedalina. Antimicrobial effects were mild except forS. sesban, which was highly toxic to rumen protozoain vitro, andA. aneura, which was toxic to rumen bacteria. The antiprotozoal factor inS. sesbanwas apparently associated with the fraction of the plant containing saponins. WhenS. sesbanwas fed to sheep, protozoal numbers fell by 60 % after 4 d, but the population recovered after a further 10 d.In vitroexperiments demonstrated that washed protozoa from later times were no more resistant toS. sesbanthan on initial exposure, suggesting that other micro-organisms, probably the bacteria, adapted to detoxify the antiprotozoal agent. ThusS. sesbanmay be useful in suppressing protozoa and thereby improving protein flow from the rumen, but only if the bacterial metabolism of the antiprotozoal factor can be avoided.

In situ degradability of organic matter, crude protein and cell wall of various tree forages

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kamatali ◽  
E. Teller ◽  
M. Vanbelle ◽  
G. Collignon ◽  
M. Foulon
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Sesbania Sesban ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Ruminal Degradation

AbstractLeaves of Leucaena leucocephala, Sesbania sesban and Calliandra callothyrsus were harvested in Rwanda from young shoots at 8 weeks after the first cutting. They were dried, ground and incubated at the same time in polyester bags in three non-lactating Holstein-Friesian cows each fitted with a ruminal cannula. The bags were removed at 0, 2, 4, 8, 24, 48, 72 and 144 h after the start of incubations. The different parameters characterizing extent and rate of ruminal degradation of organic matter (OM), neutral-detergent fibre (NDF), and crude protein (CP) were calculated. In vitro digestibility of residual protein after 24 h and 48 h incubation was also determined. Sesbania sesban had lowest cell wall contents and gave highest ruminal degradability for OM, NDF and CP. Leucaena leucocephala was degraded to a lesser extent, but its undegraded protein had a somewhat higher in vitro digestibility. In contrast, protein of Calliandra callothyrsus was poorly degraded and digested. The proportion and composition of cell wall could not explain these differences in digestion characteristics and other measurements, such as tannins, were incriminated. Increased ruminal incubation time augmented the extent of ruminal degradation and reduced in vitro digestibility of undegraded protein but did not affect the undigestible protein fraction.

Influence of saponins and sapogenins on the bacteriolytic activity of ciliate protozoa from the sheep rumen

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 88-88
Author(s):  
B. Teferedegne ◽  
P.O. Osuji ◽  
A. Odenyo ◽  
R. J. Wallace ◽  
C.J. Newbold
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Sesbania Sesban ◽  
Leguminous Tree ◽  
Bacteriolytic Activity ◽  
Rumen Protozoa ◽  
Sheep Rumen ◽  
Possible Cause ◽  
Ciliate Protozoa

Foliage from the tropical leguminous tree, Sesbania sesban, is toxic to rumen protozoa in vitro, due to materials present in a saponins-containing extract of the foliage (Newbold et al. 1997). Suppression of protozoal numbers in vivo when S. sesban is added to the diet is either transient or non-existent, however, even though washed protozoa remain sensitive to S. sesban in vitro (Newbold et al. 1997, Odenyo et al. 1997). A possible reason is that saponins are metabolised in rumen fluid (Makkar and Becker 1997). The aims of this study were to determine if the antiprotozoal effect of different accessions of S. sesban was related to their saponins composition, and if conversion of saponins to their sapogenin derivatives was a possible cause of the loss of the antiprotozoal effect in vivo.

Influence of saponins and sapogenins on the bacteriolytic activity of ciliate protozoa from the sheep rumen

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 88-88
Author(s):  
B. Teferedegne ◽  
P.O. Osuji ◽  
A. Odenyo ◽  
R. J. Wallace ◽  
C.J. Newbold
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Sesbania Sesban ◽  
Leguminous Tree ◽  
Bacteriolytic Activity ◽  
Rumen Protozoa ◽  
Sheep Rumen ◽  
Possible Cause ◽  
Ciliate Protozoa

Foliage from the tropical leguminous tree, Sesbania sesban, is toxic to rumen protozoa in vitro, due to materials present in a saponins-containing extract of the foliage (Newbold et al. 1997). Suppression of protozoal numbers in vivo when S. sesban is added to the diet is either transient or non-existent, however, even though washed protozoa remain sensitive to S. sesban in vitro (Newbold et al. 1997, Odenyo et al. 1997). A possible reason is that saponins are metabolised in rumen fluid (Makkar and Becker 1997). The aims of this study were to determine if the antiprotozoal effect of different accessions of S. sesban was related to their saponins composition, and if conversion of saponins to their sapogenin derivatives was a possible cause of the loss of the antiprotozoal effect in vivo.

Streptococcus caprinus is ineffective as a rumen inoculum to improve digestion of mulga (Acacia aneura) by sheep

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Miller ◽  
JD Brooker ◽  
A Phillips ◽  
LL Blackall
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Rumen Bacterium ◽  
Protein Digestion ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Acacia Aneura ◽  
Micro Organisms

This study examined the distribution of Streptococcus caprinus in domestic and feral ruminants, and the effect of rumen inoculation with S. caprinus on nitrogen digestion in mulga-fed sheep. S. caprinus is a tannin-resistant rumen bacterium found in feral goats and may play a role in alleviating the nutritive depressing effects of high concentrations of plant tannins in these animals. S. caprinus was present in samples of rumen fluid from feral goats and feral camels but was not detectable in rumen fluid from sheep and domestic goats that had not previously grazed forages containing condensed tannins. A proportion of sheep, domestic goats, and cattle grazing in mulga paddocks, with either feral goats or camels, had detectable populations of S. caprinus. Pure cultures of S. caprinus grown in vitro were successfully placed in the rumen of sheep; however, nitrogen digestion was unaffected by rumen inoculation. Interactions between several populations of micro-organisms may therefore be involved in achieving improvements in protein digestion.

Bacterial endosymbiont inhabiting Leucaena leucocephala leaves and their antioxidant and antidiabetic potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sridevi Chigurupati ◽  
Shantini Vijayabalan ◽  
Kesavanarayanan Krishnan Selvarajan ◽  
Ahmad Alhowail ◽  
Fatema Kauser
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Standard Drug

AbstractObjectivesResearch on endosymbionts is emerging globally and is considered as a potential source of bioactive phytochemicals. The present study examines the antioxidant and antidiabetic of the endophytic crude extract isolated from Leucaena leucocephala leaves.MethodsEndophytic bacteria were isolated from the leaves of L. leucocephala and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to establish their identity. The in vitro antioxidant effect of endophytic crude extract (LL) was evaluated using 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) free radical scavenging methods. The in vitro antidiabetic properties of LL were evaluated using α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition assay.ResultsThe isolated endophytic bacteria were identified as Cronobacter sakazakii. LL displayed potent free radical scavenging effect against ABTS and DPPH radicals with an inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) value of 17.49 ± 0.06 and 11.3 ± 0.1 μg/mL respectively. LL exhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition with an IC50 value of 23.3 ± 0.08 and 23.4 ± 0.1 μg/mL respectively compared to the standard drug (acarbose). Both glucose loaded normoglycemic rats and STZ induced diabetic rats treated with LL (200 mg/kg) exhibited a considerable reduction in blood glucose levels p<0.01 after 8 h of treatment when compared to normal and diabetic control rats respectively.ConclusionsThus, the study shows that LL has a wellspring of natural source of antioxidants, and antidiabetic agents and phytoconstituents present in endophytes could be the rich source for bioactive compounds.

Effect of ionophores on in vitro caecal fermentation in rabbits

1997 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. MAROUNEK ◽  
J. šIMŮNEK ◽  
D. DUšKOVÁ ◽  
V. SKŘIVANOVÁ
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Hydrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Alternative Method ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Caecal Fermentation ◽  
Stimulation Of

Experiments were carried out at Uhříněves, Czech Republic, in 1995 and 1996 to evaluate the effect of salinomycin, monensin, lasalocid and maduramicin on in vitro rabbit caecal fermentation. In cultures supplied with starch, hemicellulose and pectin, all ionophores in the range of concentrations tested (1–10 μg/ml) stimulated methanogenesis. Ionophores at 5 μg/ml increased the production of methane by 26–35% and decreased the production of acetate (P<0·05). Significantly more acetate was produced in mixotrophic acetogenic cultures of caecal micro-organisms with glucose (2 mg/ml) under hydrogen atmosphere than under nitrogen. The H2-dependent formation of acetate was blocked in cultures with ionophores. The stimulation of methanogenesis by salinomycin, monensin, lasalocid and maduramicin can thus be related to the inhibition of acetogenesis, which is an alternative method of H2 utilization in the rabbit caecum.

Bovine or equine faeces as sources of micro-organisms instead of rumen liquor in the Tilley and Terry in vitro digestibility technique for evaluating forages in Tanzania

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 172-172
Author(s):  
H. Whittall ◽  
E.J. Mtengeti ◽  
L.A. Mtenga ◽  
D.L. Romney ◽  
E. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Tropical Countries ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Hind Gut ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Consequent Improvement

Akhter et al.(1994) demonstrated bovine faeces to have considerable potential as a source of microorganisms to replace rumen liquor in the in vitro digestibility method of Tilley and Terry (1963) for evaluating temperate gramminaceous forages, under UK laboratory conditions. In view of the difficulties and costs of maintaining fistulated animals in tropical, less-developed countries, the present study was undertaken in Tanzania to investigate the potential of bovine faeces as a substitute for rumen liquor in the Tilley and Terry technique for evaluating local, gramminaceous forages. Use of equine faeces was also investigated in view of the prevalence of equines in some tropical countries. It was also hypothesised that equines, being hind-gut fermentors, would yield faeces containing more micro-organisms than faeces from bovines, with a consequent improvement in digestibility.

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