scholarly journals Improved zinc and iron absorption from breakfast meals containing malted oats with reduced phytate content

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 677-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Larsson ◽  
Lena Rossander-Hulthén ◽  
Brittmarie Sandström ◽  
Ann-Sofie Sandberg
Keyword(s):  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Absolute Amount ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Mineral Deficiency ◽  
Breakfast Meal ◽  
Body Retention ◽  
Phytate Content

The absorption of Zn or Fe from breakfast meals containing oat porridge prepared from malted and soaked oats and a control porridge made from untreated oats was measured in human subjects. The effect on Zn and Fe absorption of reducing the phytate content of oat-porridge meals was examined in each subject by extrinsic labelling of porridge with 65Zn and of bread rolls with 55Fe and 59Fe, and measuring whole-body retention and the erythrocyte uptake of isotopes. Each experiment comprised nine to ten subjects. The absorption of Zn from malted-oat porridge with a phytate (inositol hexaphosphate) content of 107 μmol was 18·3%, and significantly higher (P < 0·05) than from the control porridge containing 432 μmol phytate (11·8%). Fe absorption from the meal containing malted-oat porridge with 107 μmol phytate (Expt 2) was also significantly improved (P < 0·05) compared with that from the meal containing control porridge with 437 μmol phytate. The average increase in Fe absorption was 47%, or from 4·4 to 6·0%. In the breakfast meal containing malted porridge with 198 μmol phytate (Expt 3) the increase in Fe absorption was not significantly improved. Even though the phytate content was reduced to a greater extent in Expt 3 than Expt 2, the average increase in Fe absorption in Expt 3 was only 25% more than that from the meal containing control porridge (with 599 μmol phytate), depending on the higher absolute amount of phytate. In conclusion, an improvement in Zn and Fe absorption from oat products can be achieved by practising malting and soaking in the processing of oats. This may be of importance in the prevention of mineral deficiency in vulnerable groups.

scholarly journals Viable, lyophilized lactobacilli do not increase iron absorption from a lactic acid-fermented meal in healthy young women, and no iron absorption occurs in the distal intestine

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 991-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stine Bering ◽  
Laila Sjøltov ◽  
Seema S. Wrisberg ◽  
Anna Berggren ◽  
Jan Alenfall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Distal Intestine ◽  
Body Retention ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
No Absorption

Lactic acid-fermented foods have been shown to increase Fe absorption in human subjects, possibly by lowering pH, activation of phytases, production of organic acids, or by the viable lactic acid bacteria. In this study the effect of a heat-inactivated lactic acid-fermented oat gruel with and without added viable, lyophilizedLactobacillus plantarum299v on non-haem Fe absorption was investigated. Furthermore, Fe absorption in the distal intestine was determined. In a randomized, double-blinded crossover trial eighteen healthy young women aged 22 (sd3) years with low Fe status (serum ferritin < 30 μg/l) were served the two test gruels, extrinsically labelled with59Fe and served with two enterocoated capsules (containing55Fe(II) and55Fe(III), respectively) designed to disintegrate in the ileum. The meals were consumed on two consecutive days, e.g. in the order AA followed by BB in a second period. Non-haem Fe absorption was determined from59Fe whole-body retention and isotope activities in blood samples. The concentrations of Fe, lactate, phytate, and polyphenols, and the pH were similar in the heat-inactivated lactic acid-fermented oat gruels with and without addedL. plantarum299v, and no difference in Fe absorption was observed between the test gruels (1·4 and 1·3 %, respectively). Furthermore, no absorption of Fe in the distal intestine was observed. In conclusion, addition of viable, lyophilized lactobacillus to a heat-inactivated lactic acid-fermented oat gruel does not affect Fe absorption, and no absorption seems to occur in the distal part of the intestine from low Fe bioavailability meals in these women.

The Importance and Bioavailability of Phytoferritin-Bound Iron in Cereals and Legume Foods

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lönnerdal
Keyword(s):  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Human Study ◽  
Heme Iron ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Staple Foods

Ferritin is present in several types of plants in low concentrations, but it is possible to enhance this content by plant breeding, or by inserting the gene for ferritin into staple foods. Since each ferritin molecule can bind thousands of iron atoms, this may be a sustainable means to increase the iron content of plants. Before launching such efforts it is important to determine whether ferritin-bound iron is bioavailable. We assessed this in vitro using Caco-2 cells and in vivo using radiolabeled ferritin and whole body counting in human subjects. In Caco-2 cells, we found that dietary factors affecting iron absorption, such as ascorbic acid, phytate, and calcium, had very limited effect on iron uptake from intact ferritin, suggesting that ferritin-bound iron is absorbed via a mechanism different from that of non-heme iron. Using in vitro digestion, we found that ferritin was relatively resistant against proteolytic enzymes. Binding of ferritin to Caco-2 cells was found to be saturable and the kinetics for binding characteristic for a receptor-mediated process. In human subjects, we found that iron absorption from animal ferritin was similar to that from ferrous sulfate, suggesting that iron is well absorbed from ferritin. We did not find any significant difference between iron absorption from ferritin reconstituted with high-phosphate (plant-type) and low-phosphate (animal-type) ferritin mineral, suggesting that plant ferritin-iron is bioavailable. In a subsequent human study we also found that iron from purified soybean ferritin given in a meal was as well absorbed as ferrous iron. In conclusion, iron is well absorbed from phytoferritin and may represent a means of biofortification of staple foods.

scholarly journals The validation of using serum iron increase to measure iron absorption in human subjects

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hoppe ◽  
Lena Hulthén ◽  
Leif Hallberg
Keyword(s):  
Small Dose ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Counting ◽  
Whole Body Counting

The objectives of the present study were to study the correlation between the change in serum Fe and Fe absorption when administering 100 mg Fe (as FeSO4) orally, and to study the correlation between the absorption from a 3 mg and a 100 mg Fe (as FeSO4) dose. The study was conducted in a group of eleven male blood donors, without any evident infection, who had given blood 8 weeks before the study. On three consecutive mornings the subjects were served a wheat roll fortified with Fe. On the first 2 d the roll was fortified with 3 mg Fe labelled with 59Fe; on day 3 the roll was fortified with 100 mg Fe labelled with 55Fe. The serum Fe response to the 100 mg dose was followed for 6 h. Fe absorption was measured by whole-body counting. High correlations were seen between the absorption of Fe and the change in serum Fe after 100 mg Fe (r2 0·94, P>0·001), between the absorption from 3 mg and 100 mg Fe (r2 0·88, P>0·001), and between the absorption from 3 mg Fe and change in serum Fe after 100 mg Fe (r2 0·90, P>0·001). This strengthens the evidence that it is possible to use the change in serum Fe as a measure of Fe absorption, e.g. when establishing the relative bioavailability for Fe powders. The results also imply that the induced serum Fe increase following 100 mg Fe added to a food could predict the Fe absorption of a small dose of Fe added to the same meal.

Die Dosisabhängigkeit der intestinalen Eisenresorption bei Menschen mit normalen Eisenreserven und Personen mit prälatentem/latentem Eisenmangel / Dose Relationship of Intestinal Iron Absorption in Man with Normal Iron Stores and Persons with Prelatent/Latent Iron Deficiency

1969 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1301-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Heinrich ◽  
E. E. Gabbe ◽  
D. H. Whang
Keyword(s):  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Intestinal Iron Absorption ◽  
Iron Stores ◽  
Body Retention ◽  
Iron Requirement ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Liquid Organic Scintillator ◽  
Relationship Of

An estimation of the dose relationship of intestinal iron absorption in man is only reasonable if a reliable method for the measurement of iron absorption is used, and the amount of available storage iron, which influences iron absorption considerably, is considered. Intestinal 59Fe2⊕-absorption was therefore quantitated by measuring the whole body retention of absorbed 59Fe within a 4 π-large volume radioactivity detector with liquid organic scintillator. The diagnostic 10 μΜοl (⧋ 0.558 mg) 59Fe2⊕-absorption test was used for discriminating between persons with normal 59Fe-absorption due to normal iron stores and persons with very much increased 59Fe-absorption caused by depleted iron stores.Within a dose range from 0.56 to 50 mg 59Fe2® the bilogarithmic plotting of the estimated 59Fe2⊕-absorption (in mg) against the iron dose resulted in a straight line, which can be described in males and females with normal iron stores by the equations Rmg = 0.206 · D0.676 and Rmg = 0.250-D0.668 respectively. In males and females with depleted iron stores the dose relationship can be characterized by the absorption equations Rmg=0.594·D0.684 and Rmg=0.731·D0.650 respectively.The whole body 59Fe turnover rate in man (= iron requirement) and the dose relationship of intestinal 59Fe-absorption are a suitable experimental basis for the oral iron prophylaxis and therapy.

Biological levels of cadmium and zinc in the small intestine of non-occupationally exposed human subjects

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Czeslaw Orlowski ◽  
Jerzy K Piotrowski
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Body Retention ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Small Intestines ◽  
Total Body

The objective of this study was to estimate the relationships between cadmium (Cd) levels in the small intestine and other organs (kidney, liver, lungs) and factors influencing the intestinal Cd levels in humans, as based on autopsy analysis of subjects not exposed to Cd occupationally. The study also involved estimating the levels of zinc (Zn) in these organs, as it is known that this element exerts interactions with Cd at the level of absorption and tissue binding. The levels of Cd and Zn were determined in the renal cortex, liver, lungs and three fragments of the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) of 29 subjects deceased at the age 42± 13 years. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS; kidneys, liver) and flameless AAS (lungs, intestine) were used. The level of Cd in the lungs was used as a marker of smoking habit. The determined levels (mean± SD) were: 0.28± 0.16 mg Cd/g and 15.2± 3.4 mg Zn/g in the duodenum; 0.26± 0.15 mg Cd/g and 16.9± 3.7 mg Zn/g in the jejunum; 0.13± 0.07 mg Cd/g and 14.6± 5.4 mg Zn/g in the ileum. Intestinal Cd levels are correlated with organ and total body Cd, and this was best expressed for Cd in ileum (r=0.67 with renal, r=0.71 with hepatic and r=0.68 with total Cd). In conclusions, the levels of Cd in the small intestine of humans are relatively low and reflect predominantly the whole body retention of this element. Somewhat higher levels of Cd are contained in the initial parts of the small intestines. In all fragments of small intestines the levels of Cd are higher in smokers. Also, the levels of Zn were relatively low and did not correlate with the levels of Cd.

Radioimmunszintigraphie mit SPECT: Methodik, Probleme und klinische Erfahrungen

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (05) ◽  
pp. 202-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fass ◽  
S. Truong ◽  
U. Büll ◽  
V. Schumpelick ◽  
R. Bares
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Blood Clearance ◽  
Planar Scintigraphy ◽  
Gastrointestinal Carcinomas ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Body Retention ◽  
Klinische Erfahrungen

Radioimmunoscintigraphy (RIS) with 111ln- and 131 I-labelled monoclonal anti bodies (MAbs) against CEA and/or CA 19-9 was performed in 83 patients with various gastrointestinal carcinomas. A total of 276 body regions could be examined. The results of planar scintigraphy and SPECT were compared intraindividually. Using 111 In-labelled MAbs the sensitivity of RIS was significantly improved by SPECT (88.9 vs. 52.4% with planar scintigraphy, p <0.01). For131 l-labelled MAbs the effect was smaller (83.9 vs. 65.6% with planar scintigraphy, n.s.). This finding can be explained by different kinetics and biodistribution of the used MAb preparations.111 In-labelled MAbs with long whole-body retention and rapid blood clearance reveal ideal qualities for SPECT; on the other hand, the short whole-body retention of131 l-labelled MAbs leads to small count rates and therefore long counting times that make delayed SPECT unsuitable in clinical practice

scholarly journals New findings on iron absorption conditioning factors

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rute Cândida Pereira ◽  
Alcides da Silva Diniz ◽  
Luiz Oscar Cardoso Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Iron Absorption ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Conditioning Factors ◽  
Risk Increase ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Intake Regulation ◽  
The Impact

The authors focus iron intake regulation in the body and the probable mechanisms related to iron absorption. They analyze the impact of iron absorption deficiency resulting in iron deficiency anemia, a public health issue of great impact in the world influencing child and maternal health risk increase. This paper aims at highlighting the problems affecting the uptake or inhibiting processes of iron absorption in an attempt to correlate information on conditioning factors and current findings. This study is a document based descriptive study comprising literature review. In food, iron has different forms, such as the heme and non-heme forms following different absorption pathways with different efficiency rates, depending on conditioning factors, such as diet profile, physiological aspects, iron chemical state, absorption regulation, transportation, storing, excretion and the presence of disease, They also discuss the current difficulties in dealing with iron nutritional deficiency in vulnerable groups, children and pregnant women, and focus data on iron consumption, adhesion to breast feeding and the frequency of prenatal care visits.

scholarly journals Comprehensive assessment of post-prandial protein handling by the application of intrinsically labelled protein in vivo in human subjects

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jorn Trommelen ◽  
Andrew M. Holwerda ◽  
Philippe J. M. Pinckaers ◽  
Luc J. C. van Loon
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Protein

All human tissues are in a constant state of remodelling, regulated by the balance between tissue protein synthesis and breakdown rates. It has been well-established that protein ingestion stimulates skeletal muscle and whole-body protein synthesis. Stable isotope-labelled amino acid methodologies are commonly applied to assess the various aspects of protein metabolism in vivo in human subjects. However, to achieve a more comprehensive assessment of post-prandial protein handling in vivo in human subjects, intravenous stable isotope-labelled amino acid infusions can be combined with the ingestion of intrinsically labelled protein and the collection of blood and muscle tissue samples. The combined application of ingesting intrinsically labelled protein with continuous intravenous stable isotope-labelled amino acid infusion allows the simultaneous assessment of protein digestion and amino acid absorption kinetics (e.g. release of dietary protein-derived amino acids into the circulation), whole-body protein metabolism (whole-body protein synthesis, breakdown and oxidation rates and net protein balance) and skeletal muscle metabolism (muscle protein fractional synthesis rates and dietary protein-derived amino acid incorporation into muscle protein). The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the various aspects of post-prandial protein handling and metabolism with a focus on insights obtained from studies that have applied intrinsically labelled protein under a variety of conditions in different populations.

Vestibular Influence on Human Auditory Space Perception

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 1107-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Lewald ◽  
Hans-Otto Karnath
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Space Perception ◽  
Median Plane ◽  
Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Interaural Level Difference ◽  
Auditory Periphery ◽  
Auditory Space ◽  
Sound Image

We investigated the effect of vestibular stimulation on the lateralization of dichotic sound by cold-water irrigation of the external auditory canal in human subjects. Subjects adjusted the interaural level difference of the auditory stimulus to the subjective median plane of the head. In those subjects in whom dizziness and nystagmus indicated sufficient vestibular stimulation, these adjustments were significantly shifted toward the cooled ear compared with the control condition (irrigation with water at body temperature); i.e., vestibular stimulation induced a shift of the sound image toward the nonstimulated side. The mean magnitude of the shift was 7.3 dB immediately after vestibular stimulation and decreased to 2.5 dB after 5 min. As shown by an additional control experiment, this effect cannot be attributed to a unilateral hearing loss induced by cooling of the auditory periphery. The results indicate the involvement of vestibular afferent information in the perception of sound location during movements of the head and/or the whole body. We thus hypothesize that vestibular information is used by central-nervous mechanisms generating a world-centered representation of auditory space.

scholarly journals Intersectoral approaches and integrated services in achieving the right to health for refugees upon resettlement: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e016638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dena Javadi ◽  
Etienne V Langlois ◽  
Shirley Ho ◽  
Peter Friberg ◽  
Göran Tomson
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Right To Health ◽  
Refugee Health ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
The Right

IntroductionGlobal insecurity and climate change are exacerbating the need for improved management of refugee resettlement services. International standards hold states responsible for the protection of the right of non-citizens to an adequate standard of physical and mental health while recognising the importance of social determinants of health. However, programmes to protect refugees’ right to health often lack coordination and monitoring. This paper describes the protocol for a scoping review to explore barriers and facilitators to the integration of health services for refugees; the content, process and actors involved in protecting refugee health; and the extent to which intersectoral approaches are leveraged to protect refugees’ right to health on resettlement, especially for vulnerable groups such as women and children.Methods and analysisPeer-reviewed (through four databases including MEDLINE, Web of Science, Global Health and PsycINFO) and grey literature were searched to identify programmes and interventions designed to promote refugee health in receiving countries. Two reviewers will screen articles and abstract data. Two frameworks for integration and intersectoral action will be applied to understand how and why certain approaches work while others do not and to identify the actors involved in achieving success at different levels of integration as defined by these frameworks.Ethics and disseminationFindings from the scoping review will be shared in relevant conferences and meetings. A brief will be created with lessons learnt from successful programmes to inform decision making in design of refugee programmes and services. Ethical approval is not required as human subjects are not involved.Trial registration numberRegistered on Open Science Framework athttps://osf.io/gt9ck/.

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