scholarly journals The effects of dietary sugar-beet fibre and guar gum on lipid metabolism in Wistar rats

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Overton ◽  
N. Furlonger ◽  
J. M Beety ◽  
J. Chakraborty ◽  
J. A. Tredger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Acid Output ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Hepatic Cholesterol ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Rate Of Absorption ◽  
Coa Reductase

This study investigates the mechanisms of action for the hypocholesterolaemic effects of sugar-beet fibre (SBF) and gum gum. Four groups of ten male Wistar rats were fed ad lib. on test diets containing either 100 g SBF or guar/kg, or control diets containing 100 g cellulose or wheat bran/kg for 28 d. Food intake, weight gain and food consumption ratios were unaffected by the diets. Circulating cholesterol and hepatic cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower in both SBF- and guar-fed groups compared with either cellulose- or bran-fed animals. Circulating triacylglycerol concentrations were significantly lower in SBF- and guar-fed animals, but total hepatic lipid concentrations and hepatic and adipose tissue lipogenesis rates were unaffected by the diets. Hepatic cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase (EC1.14.13.17) activities were significantly higher in the guar-fed animals compared with cellulose or bran control groups. Hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-metbylglutaryl-CoA reductase (EC1.1.1.88) activities were unaffected. Circulating bile acid concentrations were significantly lower in SBF- and guar-fed animals and faecal bile acid output was significantly higher in the guar-fed group compared with bran- or cellulose-fed groups. This study supports the hypothesis that guar exerts its hypocholesterolaemic effect via intraluminal bile acid binding and loss of cholesterol from increased faecal bile acid excretion. The mechanism of action for the hypocholesterolaemic effect of SBF is less clear; the results of the present study point to a mechanism involving disruption of the enterohepatic bile acid circulation, possibly via changes in the rate of absorption of dietary lipid.

scholarly journals Short- and long-term effects of biliary drainage on hepatic cholesterol metabolism in the rat

1990 ◽  
Vol 269 (3) ◽  
pp. 781-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Smit ◽  
A M Temmerman ◽  
R Havinga ◽  
F Kuipers ◽  
R J Vonk
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Flow ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Acid Output ◽  
Biliary Secretion ◽  
Surgical Trauma ◽  
Hepatic Cholesterol ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short And Long Term

The present study concerns short- and long-term effects of interruption of the enterohepatic circulation (EHC) on hepatic cholesterol metabolism and biliary secretion in rats. For this purpose, we employed a technique that allows reversible interruption of the EHC, during normal feeding conditions, and excludes effects of anaesthesia and surgical trauma. [3H]Cholesteryl oleate-labelled human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was injected intravenously in rats with (1) chronically (8 days) interrupted EHC, (2) interrupted EHC at the time of LDL injection and (3) intact EHC. During the first 3 h after interruption of the EHC, bile flow decreased to 50% and biliary bile acid, phospholipid and cholesterol secretion to 5%, 11% and 19% of their initial values respectively. After 8 days of bile diversion, biliary cholesterol output and bile flow were at that same level, but bile acid output was increased 2-3-fold and phospholipid output was about 2 times lower. The total amount of cholesterol in the liver decreased after interruption of the EHC, which was mainly due to a decrease in the amount of cholesteryl ester. Plasma disappearance of LDL was not affected by interruption of the EHC. Biliary secretion of LDL-derived radioactivity occurred 2-4 times faster in chronically interrupted rats as compared with the excretion immediately after interruption of the EHC. Radioactivity was mainly in the form of bile acids under both conditions. This study demonstrates the very rapid changes that occur in cholesterol metabolism and biliary lipid composition after interruption of the EHC. These changes must be taken into account in studies concerning hepatic metabolism of lipoprotein cholesterol and subsequent secretion into bile.

scholarly journals The effect of dietary protein source and guar gum on gastrointestinal growth and enteroglucagon secretion in the rat

1987 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Southon ◽  
Jennifer M. Gee ◽  
I. T. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Endocrine Activity ◽  
Intestinal Length ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Dietary Protein Source

1. Male Wistar rats (approximately 100 g) were given fibre-free semi-synthetic diets containing either casein or albumin (168 g/kg diet) as the protein source with or without guar gum (75 g/kg diet) (casein, albumin, casein- guar gum and albumin-guar gum groups).2. Small intestinal length, weights of caecal tissue and contents and plasma enteroglucagon concentration were significantly increased in guar-gum-fed animals compared with the fibre-free groups.3. Total caecal weight and plasma enteroglucagon concentration were higher in the albumin-guar gum group compared with the casein-guar gum group. The weights of caecal tissue and contents were significantly increased in rats given the fibre-free albumin diet compared with those consuming a similar diet with casein as the protein source, although daily food intake tended to be lower.4. It is concluded that the effect of materials classed as dietary fibre may be significantly influenced by the non- polysaccharide component of the diet, and that such interactions may influence both the growth and endocrine activity of the gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals The effect of non-starch polysaccharide supplementation on circulating bile acids, hormone and metabolite levels following a fat meal in human subjects

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Morgan ◽  
J. A. Tredger ◽  
Y. Shavila ◽  
J. S. Travis ◽  
J. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Gastrointestinal Hormone ◽  
Glycocholic Acid ◽  
Bile Acid Binding

The effects of guar gum, sugar-beet fibre (SBF) and wheat bran supplementation of a high-fat test meal were compared with an NSP-free control meal and a meal containing an equivalent amount of the ion- exchange resin cholestyramine in healthy non-obese human volunteers. Their effects on gastric emptying, postprandial circulating bile acids, triacylglycerols and gastrointestinal hormone levels were studied. Thein vitrobinding of NSP and cholestyramine to [l-14C]glycocholic acid was measured and compared with theirin vivoeffect. Guar gum and cholestyramine supplementation significantly lowered circulating postprandial bile acid, triacylglycerol and gastric inhibitory polypeptide concentrations, but sugar-beet fibre and wheat bran were without effect. Liquid gastric emptying, as assessed by circulating paracetamol levels, was slightly accelerated in the guar gum-supplemented meal. Glycocholic acid bound strongly to the insoluble fraction of cholestyramine and the soluble fraction of guar gum. The insoluble fractions of SBF and wheat bran bound only small quantities of glycocholate; no bile acid binding was detected in the soluble fractions of these NSP. The study demonstrates that measurement of postprandial bile acids enables an indirect measurement to be made of bile acid binding to NSPin vivo. The results support the hypothesis that the hypocholesterolaemic action of guar gum is largely mediated via interruption of the enterohepatic bile acid circulation, but indicate that the hypocholesterolaemic action of SBF is mediated by another mechanism.

scholarly journals The effect of guar gum on the viscosity of the gastrointestinal contents and on glucose uptake from the perfused jejunum in the rat

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Blackburn ◽  
I. T. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Apparent Viscosity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Synthetic Diet ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

1. Male Wistar rats were meal-fed for at least 10d a control semi-synthetic diet containing no guar gum, or one of three similar test diets containing 3, 10 or 20 g dry guar gum/kg.2. Rats were killed 6 h after feeding, and contents of stomach, small and large intestine were collected separately. The apparent viscosities of stomach and smalt intestine contents from animals fed on diets containing 10 and 20 g guar gum/kg were increased relative to control animals, but large intestine contents were unchanged3. In the second part of this study, male Wistar rats were anaesthetized and two consecutive lengths of jejunum were perfused, initially with Ringer only (control) or Ringer plus 5 or 6g guar gum/1 (test). Following this pre-perfusion, both segments were perfused with Ringer containing glucose (10 mM), [3H]glucose and [14C]inulin, and the rate of glucose absorption was determined4. The rate of glucose absorption was decreased relative to control values in segments pre-perfused with both 5 and 6g guar gum/I solution, but this reduction was significant only in the instance of the 6g/l solution (P< 0.001)5. These results provide evidence to support previous assumptions that ingestion of guar gum will increase the apparent viscosity of the contents of the stomach and small intestine. We propose that a possible mechanism by which guar reduces post-prandial glycaemia is a reduction of glucose absorption from the smali intestine, resulting from an increase in viscosity of the contents

Relationship between Hepatic Cholesterol Synthesis and Biliary Cholesterol Secretion in Man: Hepatic Cholesterol Synthesis is not a Major Regulator of Biliary Lipid Secretion

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 515-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. Maton ◽  
A. Reuben ◽  
R. H. Dowling
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Cholesterol Synthesis ◽  
Acid Output ◽  
Hepatic Cholesterol ◽  
Biliary Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Secretion ◽  
Hepatic Cholesterol Synthesis ◽  
Biliary Cholesterol Secretion ◽  
Cholesterol Secretion

1. To examine the role of newly synthesized cholesterol as a determinant of bile lipid secretion, both hepatic cholesterol synthesis (as judged by the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, EC 1.1.1.34; HMGCoAR) and steady state biliary cholesterol output were measured in nine patients. 2. HMGCoAR levels varied four fold (9–40 pmol min−1 mg−1) and biliary cholesterol secretion 2–5-fold (0.60−1.15 μUmol h−1 kg−1) but there was no correlation between these two variables (r = 0.18; P>0.05) nor between biliary bile acid output and HMGCoAR activity (r = 0.34; P>0.05). 3. There was, however, a linear relationship between bile acid and phospholipid secretion (r = 0.77; P<0.001) and between bile acid and cholesterol secretion (r = 0.69; P<0.05). 4. These results suggest that HMGCoAR activity is not a major determinant of cholesterol secretion nor at these secretion rates is HMGCoAR activity related to bile acid return to the liver.

scholarly journals The effect of aerobic training and consumption of L-carnitine supplements on Gen expression of HMG-CoA reductase and LDL receptor in the liver of male Wistar rats Injected by Boldenone

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-75
Author(s):  
Behnam Bagherzadeh Rahmani
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Ldl Receptor ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hmg Coa Reductase ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Coa Reductase

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training and consumption of L-carnitine supplements on HMG-CoA reductase and LDL receptor in the liver of male Wistar rats toxicated by Boldenone. 30 male Wistar rats aged 12 weeks (weight 195±7.94g) were randomly divided into five groups: control, sham, boldenone (5mg/kg), L-carnitine, aerobic training- L-carnitine.The endurance moderate intensity training program (55-50% of maximal oxygen consumption) performed for 6 weeks and 5 times a week. Injection once a week, on an appointed day, and in the quadriceps and hamstring was conducted in depth. After anesthesia, autopsy was performed and the testes Isolated. The HMG-CoA reductase and LDL receptor expression in the samples was measured by Real Time PCR and the quantification of gene expression levels using the formula 2-ΔΔct were analyzed by One-way ANOVA and post hoc Scheffe at the significant level P<0. 05.  The results showed that aerobic training and supplementation with L-carnitine was significant effect on HMG CoA reductase and LDL-R in the liver of male Wistar rats toxicated by boldenone (P=0/000). The results showed that the expression of HMG-CoA reductase changes in the liver of male Wistar rats in Group training - L-carnitine significantly lower than the control group (P=0/000). Changes in the expression of LDL-R in groups training - L-carnitine and L-carnitine increased significantly compared to control group (P=0/000). According to the findings, it seems to supplementation with L-carnitine with regular aerobic training modulating the biosynthesis of cholesterol in liver tissue.

Effect of d-allulose feeding on the hepatic metabolomics profile in male Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akane Kanasaki ◽  
Misato Niibo ◽  
Tetsuo Iida
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

d-Allulose altered hepatic metabolites, especially those related to the lipid metabolism processes, such as the fatty acid β-oxidation, cholesterol, bile acid, and glucuronic acid/xylulose pathways.

Influence of chronic stress on the compositions of hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride in male Wistar rats fed a high fat diet

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 686-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyuan Gao ◽  
Xue Han ◽  
Jihua Fu ◽  
Xiaoling Yuan ◽  
Xing Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Hepatic Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

scholarly journals Combined Effect of Diosgenin Along with Ezetimibe or Atorvastatin on the Fate of Labelled Bile Acid and Cholesterol in Hypercholesterolemic Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 627
Author(s):  
Alejandro Marín-Medina ◽  
Gonzalo Ruíz-Hidalgo ◽  
Jorge Blé-Castillo ◽  
Alma Zetina-Esquivel ◽  
Rodrigo Zamora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Taurocholic Acid ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cholesterol Reduction ◽  
Hypercholesterolemic Diet ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

We analyzed the effect of diosgenin, administered with atorvastatin or ezetimibe, on the fate of 3H(G)-taurocholic acid or 26-14C-cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic rats. Male Wistar rats received a hypercholesterolemic diet (HD), HD + atorvastatin (HD+ATV), HD + ezetimibe (HD+EZT), HD + diosgenin (HD+DG), HD+ATV+EZT, or HD+ATV+DG for 40 days. We also included a control normal group (ND). The labelled compounds were administered on day 30. The animals were placed in metabolic cages for daily feces collection. At day 40 the rats were sacrificed. Lipid extracts from blood, liver, spinal cord, testicles, kidneys, epididymis, intestine, and feces were analyzed for radioactivity. Cholesterol activity was the highest in the liver in HD rats. DG diminished one half of this activity in HD+DG and HD+ATV+DG groups in comparison with the HD group. HD+ATV rats showed four to almost ten-fold cholesterol activity in the spinal cord compared with the ND or HD rats. Fecal elimination of neutral steroids was approximately two-fold higher in the HD+DG and HD+ATV+DG groups. Taurocholic acid activity was four to ten-fold higher in HD+DG intestine as compared to the other experimental groups. Taurocholic activity in the liver of HD and HD+DG groups was two and a half higher than in ND. Our results show that the combination of DG and ATV induced the highest cholesterol reduction in the liver and other tissues.

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