scholarly journals The effects of feed intake and purified cellulose on the endogenous ileal amino acid flow in growing pigs

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Furuya ◽  
Y. Kaji
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Maize Starch ◽  
Wood Cellulose ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Daily Amount ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Body Weights

The effects of level of feed intake (0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 kg/d) and body-weight of the pig (49 and 92 kg) in Expt 1, and dietary neutral-detergent fibre (NDF; 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 g/kg) in Expt 2 on the endogenous ileal flow of amino acids (AA) and nitrogen were studied with protein-free diets into which purified wood cellulose was incorporated at the expense of maize starch. In Expt 1, one of the protein-free diets containing 90 g NDF/kg was used. Female pigs were fitted with a simple ‘T’ cannula at the terminal ileum. In Expt 1, the endogenous ileal AA and N flow, expressed as g/kg dry matter (DM) intake, decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing DM intake, except for proline. By contrast, the values expressed as g/d remained constant. There was no significant difference in endogenous ileal flow (P > 0.05) between initial body-weights of 45 and 90 kg except for histidide, isoleucine, phenylalanine, threonine, valine and serine, in which the ileal flow determined at the higher body-weight was significantly higher (P < 0.05). In Expt 2, the effects of dietary cellulose levels on the endogenous ileal flow of AA and N were not significant (P > 0.05), although the values tended to increase as dietary cellulose levels increased for most AA and for N. It is concluded that the daily endogenous ileal flow of AA and N remains relatively similar at different DM intake and cellulose levels. Therefore, correction of apparent ileal digestibility of AA and N to the true ileal digestibility should be made with the endogenous ileal flow values expressed on a daily amount basis, not the values expressed on a DM intake basis

THE METABOLIC FECAL NITROGEN EXCRETION OF THE PIG AS INFLUENCED BY THE TYPE OF FIBRE IN THE RATION AND BY BODY WEIGHT

1957 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Whiting ◽  
L. M. Bezeau
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Wood Cellulose ◽  
Oat Hulls ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

Nitrogen balance studies were carried out on growing pigs (15 to 60 kg. body weight) using protein-low rations (approximately 0.3 per cent) to study the influence of body weight and type of fibre in the ration upon metabolic fecal and endogenous urinary nitrogen (N). The types and amounts of fibre used were: pure wood cellulose (Solka-Floc), 7 and 14 per cent of the ration; methocel, 7 and 14 per cent of the ration; and oat hulls, 14 and 28 per cent of the ration.Type and amount of fibre significantly affected the metabolic fecal N excretion of the pig, whether expressed on the basis of dry matter (D.M.) intake or fecal D.M. output. Wood cellulose (Solka-Floc) caused the greatest, and methocel the least, fecal N excretion per unit of D.M. intake. Oat hulls were intermediate.Fecal N excretion varied inversely with the 0.3 power of body weight between the body weights of approximately 15 and 60 kg.Endogenous urinary N in one experiment varied with approximately the 1.0 power of body weight, and in a second experiment with the 0.2 power of body weight. It was not possible in these experiments to determine the factors that influenced endogenous urinary N excretion.

scholarly journals Bobot Potong, Persentase Karkas Semu dan Index Konformasi Karkas Domba Lokal Pada Penggemukan yang Diberi Pakan Berbasis Indigofera Sp

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Agustinah Setyaningrum ◽  
Pambudi Yuwono ◽  
Imbang Haryoko ◽  
Billy Trisdianto
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Carcass Conformation ◽  
Weight Data

Abstract The aims of this study were to examine the slaughter weight, the percentage of apparent carcasses and the conformation index of carcasses of local sheep fed indigofera sp. as a substitute for commercial concentrates with different levels. The research method was an experiment with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The experiment was in vivo in 18 sheep fed different level of indigofera sp, P0 treatment being a basal ration as a control consisting of concentrate (K) and elephant grass (RG) with a ratio of 80: 20%. P1 was 40% K: 40% indigofera: 20% RG, and P2 was 30% K: 50% indigofera: 20% RG. Each treament was repeated 6 times.  Sheep were offered feed 4% of body weight on dry matter basis. slaughter weight data were analyzed using Ancova, SPSS program version 16 with initial body weight as covariate. Apparent carcass percentage data and carcass conformation index were analyzed with anava. The results of covariance analysis showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) amongst treatments. The average initial body weights of P0, P1 and P2 were 9.58 ± 1.68, 10.58 ± 3.09 and 9.28 ± 1.91 kg, respectively. after receiving treatment for 70 days the slaughter weights for P0, P1 and P2 were 15.57 ± 3.64, 13.58 ± 2.76, 12.58 ± 1.65 kg, respectively. The average consumption of dry matter for P0, P1 and P2 were 400.19 g / head / day, 401.20 g / head / day and 398.59 g / head / day, repectively.  The average percentage of apparent carcasses for P0: 40.61 ± 2.43%; P1: 34.33 ± 0.63% and P2: 34.03 ± 4.61%. Average carcass conformation index for P0: 0.47 ± 0.04; P1: 0.43 ± 0.01 and P2: 0.43 ± 0.01.  Indigofera sp had no significant effect (P> 0.05) on the percentage of apparent carcass and carcass conformation index.  In Conclusion, indigofera sp. does not decrease local sheep productivity and can be used to replace concentrates as a source of protein. Keywords: Apparent carcass percentage; Index of carcass conformation; Indigofera sp.; Local sheep; Slaughter weight.   Abstrak Penelitian bertujuan mengkaji bobot potong, persentase karkas semu dan index konformasi karkas domba lokal yang diberi Indigofera sp. sebagai pengganti konsentrat komersial dengan level yang berbeda. Metode penelitian adalah eksperimental. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Penelitian berlangsung secara in vivo pada domba sebanyak 18 ekor, dengan perlakuan P0 adalah ransum basal sebagai kontrol yang terdiri dari konsentrat (K) dan rumput gajah (RG) dengan perbandingan 80%: 20%. P1 adalah 40% K: 40% indigofera: 20% RG, dan P2 adalah 30%K: 50% indigofera: 20%RG. Masing2 perlakuan diulang 6 kali. Pemberian pakan sebesar 4% bobot badan berdasarkan bahan kering.  Data bobot potong dianalisis dengan Ancova, program SPSS versi 16 dengan bobot badan awal sebagai covariat. Data persentase karkas semu dan index konformasi karkas dianalisis dengan anava. Hasil analisis covariansi menunjukkan tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05) antar perlakuan. Rataan bobot badan awal P0, P1 dan P2 masing-masing adalah 9,58±1,68, 10,58±3,09 dan 9,28±1,91 kg, setelah mendapatkan perlakuan selama 70 hari bobot potong untuk P0, P1 dan P2 berturut-turut 15,57±3,64, 13,58±2,76 dan 12,58±1,65 kg. Rataan konsumsi bahan kering P0, P1 dan P2 berturut-turut adalah: 400,19g/ek/hr, 401,20g/ek/hr dan 398,59g/ek/hr Rataan persentase karkas semu pada P0: 40,61±2,43%, P1: 34,33±0,63% dan P2: 34,03±4,61%. Rataan index konformasi karkas untuk P0: 0,47±0,04, P1: 0,43±0,01 dan P2: 0,43±0,01. Pemberian Indigofera sp tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap persentase karkas semu maupun index konformasi karkas. Kesimpulan Indigofera sp. tidak menurunkan produktivitas ternak domba lokal, dan dapat digunakan untuk menggantikan konsentrat sebagai bahan sumber protein. Kata kunci:  Bobot potong; Domba lokal; Index konformasi karkas; Indigofera sp.; Persentase karkas semu

A COMPARISON OF NUTRITIONAL EFFECTS IN SWINE AND MICE: RESPONSES IN FEED INTAKE, FEED EFFICIENCY AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS TO SIMILAR DIETS

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Troelsen ◽  
J. M. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Nutrition Research

The relative feed intake, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics of growing pigs and mice were studied to determine the value of the mouse as a pilot animal in pig nutrition research. Fifteen rations were fed in two experiments to 120 pigs and 120 mice. They were composed of equal parts of wheat and barley, plus one of three levels each of oat hulls, alfalfa meal, wheat bran, cellulose, and corn-cob meal to produce mixtures containing an estimated 62, 65, and 68 per cent of total digestible nutrients. With pigs, data were obtained on feed and growth from 100 to 200 pounds live weight; carcass measurements were made on the slaughtered barrows at 200 pounds. Feed and growth records of mice were kept for 14 days commencing at weaning; the carcasses were then analysed for water, fat, protein and ash.The relative response of the two species is indicated by the following correlation coefficients: feed consumption (0.67); digestibility of dry matter (0.96); digestibility of energy (0.87); consumption of digestible energy (0.79); rate of gain (0.63), and per cent fat in mouse carcasses and back fat thickness in the barrows (0.70). The correlation between per cent fat in mouse carcasses and the R.O.P. score for barrows was −0.67.The mean ratio of swine and mice was 581:1 for physiological body weight (kg.0.75), 693:1 and 654:1 for consumption of dry matter, and digestible energy, respectively, reflecting a relatively greater feed capacity of pigs and a higher energy digestibility by mice. The corresponding ratios for the effects of changes in ration composition were 369:1, 331:1, and 462:1, indicating that the pigs were better equipped to cope with bulky rations. It was suggested that mice were more efficient in conversion of feed to body weight gain because in pigs a greater part of the gain was fat.

scholarly journals Voluntary Feed Intake of Goats Supplemented with Different Dietary Fats

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 610-613
Author(s):  
Niel L. Ningal
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Mature Female ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Times

Three (3) female (rumen-cannulated goats) weighting 27.33±1.53 kg were housed in individual elevated metabolism stalls provided with 30% concentrate in the morning based on feed requirements (3% of their body weight (BW) dry matter (DM) basis) of the animals. Ad libitum feeding of napier grass follows thereafter. Clean drinking water were made available all the times in the respective animal watering troughs. All data were collected sequentially in every cycle of the study. There were 7 days lag period in every cycle for the animals to return to each natural state. On the 8 th day of every cycle animals were given different dietary treatment. Voluntary feed intakes were recorded for 3 days. This was done on the 11th to 13th day of feeding trial (3 days after treatment). The following were data collected, daily roughage dry matter intake (g/ kg metabolic body weight), daily concentrate feed intake (g DM/kg MBW) and daily total feed dry matter intake (g DM/ kg MBW). All data collected showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) among treatment means was observed. This implies that supplementing 3 to 5% dietary fats from two different sources (VCO and Lard) in ruminant diet do not influence the roughage, concentrate and total feed intake of mature female goats.

THE METABOLIC FECAL NITROGEN EXCRETION OF THE PIG AS INFLUENCED BY THE AMOUNT OF FIBRE IN THE RATION AND BY BODY WEIGHT

1957 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Whiting ◽  
L. M. Bezeau
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Fecal Nitrogen ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
True Digestibility ◽  
Metabolic Fecal Nitrogen

Nitrogen balance experiments were carried out with growing Yorkshire barrows to determine the influence of level of fibre (5, 10, and 15 per cent wood cellulose) in the ration, and weight of pig (15, 30, 45, and 60 kg.) on the metabolic fecal nitrogen (M.F.N.) excretion. Semi-synthetic rations containing 0.3, 5.4, 9.4, 14.0, 18.0, and 22.0 per cent protein were fed. The source of the protein was a mixture of wheat, skimmilk powder, and fishmeal. M.F.N. by direct determination on the protein-low ration (0.3 per cent protein) was compared with M.F.N. determined by extrapolation to zero protein from the other rations.An increase in the level of fibre in the ration significantly (p < 0.01) increased the M.F.N. excretion and decreased the apparent and true digestibility of the protein but had no effect on the biological value (B.V.) of the protein. As the pigs increased in weight from 15 to 50 kg., the M.F.N. excretion, per 100 gm. dry matter (D.M.) consumed, decreased in proportion to the 0.3 power of body weight, the apparent digestibility of the protein increased, and the B.V. of the protein decreased. M.F.N, per 100 gm. D.M. consumed, apparent digestibility, and B.V. of the protein did not change significantly between body weights of 50 and 65 kg.There was no significant difference between M.F.N. determined by extrapolation to zero N intake and M.F.N. determined directly by feeding a protein-low (0.3 per cent protein) ration, when the rations contained the same percentage of cellulose. The M.F.N. (gm. per 100 gm. D.M. intake) for pigs weighing an average 37 kg. was 0.10, 0.13 and 0.14 for rations containing 5, 10, and 15 per cent cellulose, respectively.Since weight of pig and the level of fibre in the ration significantly influenced the M.F.N. excretion, the latter should be determined, either directly or by extrapolation, using rations of the same fibre content and pigs of the same body weight as are used in determining the true digestibility and B.V. of proteins.

scholarly journals Evaluation of optimal lysine level in Myanmar local breed and DYL crossed breed pig

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Koung Ngeun
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Local Breed ◽  
Growth Performances ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract                         A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was comprised 2x3 factorial arrangements of two breeds (DYL and local breed) and three different lysine levels. The 12 weeks old, nine castrated DYL and nine castrated local breed were randomly allocated in each individual pen to six treatment groups with three replicates into 18 pens. Two breeds of pigs (DYL and local breed) were exposed to the three different dietary treatments, L1- basal diet without lysine supplementation, L2- basal diet with 1.15% total lysine for grower and L3- basal diet with 1.65% total lysine for grower. The growth performance and feed intake were determined for growing pigs. In this study, no significant difference (p>0.05) was found in feed intake among the three different treatments. However, significantly better body weight, weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were observed in pigs fed L2 and L3 but were not significantly (p>0.05) differ from each other. Otherwise, diets without lysine supplementation (L1) showed no better effect on the growth performances of both DYL and local breeds. It could be noted that L2 was the best level to obtain optimal growth performances and farm efficiency. Between the two breeds, body weight of DYL was superior over that of local breed. The interactions were observed between lysine levels and different breeds regard for body weight and cumulative weight gain. To wrap up, it was noticeable that crystalline lysine supplementation helped to improve growth performance in both breeds.

scholarly journals Identification of blood immune and metabolic indicators explaining the variability of growth of pigs under contrasted sanitary conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Le Floc’h ◽  
F. Gondret ◽  
R. Resmond
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Sanitary Conditions

Abstract Background Health and growth of pigs are affected by the hygiene of housing. Lower growth performance observed in poor hygiene of housing conditions is explained by reduced feed intake and metabolic changes caused by the activation of body defences. In a previous experiment, we reported contrasted average values of body weight gain, concentrations of circulating metabolites, redox and immune indicators in blood of pigs housed in good or poor hygiene conditions during the growing period. This study addressed inter-individual variability in these responses to determine whether a particular blood profile explains average daily gain (ADG) of the pig. Results The data originated from 160 growing pigs, half of which subjected to a hygiene challenge for 6 weeks (W0 to W6) and the others housed in good hygiene conditions. Pigs originated from two lines divergently selected for residual feed intake (RFI). Individual body weights were recorded during this period, and relative ADG (rADGW0-W6) was calculated as the ADG corrected by the initial body weight measured at W0. Blood samples were taken before (W0) and 3 weeks (W3) after the beginning of the challenge. The analysed dataset consisted of 51 metabolites and indicators of immune and inflammatory responses measured on 136 pigs having no missing value for any variables, when calculated as the differences W3 minus W0 in circulating concentrations. An algorithm tested all possible linear regression models and then selected the best ones to explain rADGW0-W6. Six variables were identified across the best models and correlated with rADGW0-W6 with a goodness of fit (adjusted R2) of about 67%. They were changes in haptoglobin, global antioxidant capacity of plasma (Biological Antioxidant Power or BAP), free fatty acids, and 3 amino acids: leucine, tryptophan, and 1-methylhistidine. The effects of housing conditions and RFI lines were comprised in the variables of the selected models and none of these conditions improved accuracy of the predictive models, leading to genericity of the pinpointed metabolic changes in relation to variability of ADG. Conclusions This approach allows us to identify blood variables, whose changes in blood concentrations correlated to ADG under contrasted sanitary conditions.

scholarly journals PSIV-21 Pellet processing reduces variability of corn soybean meal-based diet digestibility in growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 175-175
Author(s):  
Élisabeth Chassé ◽  
Frédéric Guay ◽  
Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Distal Ileum ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
The One

Abstract This study was conducted to determine the effect of pelleting on the digestibility of corn-soybean meal-based diet in growing pigs. Two trials with 6 pigs cannulated at the distal ileum were conducted. In each trial, pigs were assigned to each treatment following a crossover design. In each experiment, the same diet, composed of corn and soybean meal with 10% wheat from two different feed mills, was served in pellet or mash form. Pelleting allowed an increase in digestibility in one of the trials. Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and digestible energy (DE) were improved with pelleting by 8, 12 and 9% (P&lt; 0.01). The AID of amino acids (AA) was also improved (P&lt; 0.05). Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) was increased by pelleting in DM, CP and DE by 5, 7 and 6% respectively (P&lt; 0.01). The digestibility of the mash diet in experiment 1 was lower than in the pelleted diet in the experiment 1 and both diets in experiment 2 as shown by the interaction Pelleting X Trial which was significant for the AID and ATTD of DM, CP and DE (P&lt; 0.01). Therefore, in experiment 1, pelleting allows to improve the digestibility of diet to the same level as in experiment 2. The AID of CP was higher by 37% in the mash diet from the second experiment compared to the one in the first experiment. Even though the same ingredients were chosen in the two experiments, this shows the variability in digestibility existing between different feed mills and ingredient sources. This difference was not observed in pelleted diets. The results obtained in these two trials show that pelleting can reduce the variability of digestibility and then give a good digestibility of diets even if the ingredients are of different quality or sources.

scholarly journals PSX-2 Growth and lactating performance of ewes fed with different energy levels

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 467-468
Author(s):  
Fernanda F Santos ◽  
Luciano Brochine ◽  
Vanderlei Benetel Junior ◽  
Maria Laura R Coelho ◽  
Augusto H Gameiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Condition Score

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the milk production, body weight, and body condition score (BCS) of ewes fed with different energy levels. Seventy-one ewes were used and distributed in three treatments according to the metabolizable energy (ME, Mcal/kg) levels in the diet: CTL = according to the NRC (2007) recommendation for each stage (gestation and lactation); PLUS = CTL plus 10% of ME per kilogram of dry matter; LESS = CTL less 10% ME per kilogram of dry matter. Body weight and body condition score were evaluated a week before the expected date of parturition, a week after giving birth, and at weaning (60 days). Dairy production was evaluated at 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 days after giving birth by the indirect method of the two weighing. The experimental design was analyzed as randomized complete blocks. There were no differences on milk production during almost all the lactation curve. Only on day 50 (P = 0.051), CTL was still at peak, while LESS and PLUS had already decreased their production. However, at 60 days, all treatments were already with low production, justifying weaning in this period. Results of weight and BCS showed a significant difference in all periods evaluates. Ewes in the PLUS diet had greater BW and BCS. The BCS before giving birth is expected to be over 3.5 and treatment LESS was the only one that did not achieve this score (2.66, 3.37, 3.83 for LESS, CTL, and PLUS, respectively). At weaning, ewes fed PLUS and CTL had BCS of 3.51 and 2.92, respectively, but treatment LESS had only 1.82. That is prejudicial for the next mating seasonal and this animal. We concluded that LESS diet interfered with the body reserves of sheep.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document