scholarly journals The effect of tea on iron and aluminium metabolism in the rat

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J. Fairweather-Tait ◽  
Zoe Piper ◽  
S. Jemil A. Fatemi ◽  
Geoffrey R. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Tea Leaves ◽  
Tea Infusion ◽  
Synthetic Diet ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Per Se

Weanling male Wistar rats were fed for 28 d on a semi-synthetic diet containing normal (38 μg/g) or low (9 μg/g) levels of iron. They were given water or tea infusion (20 g leaves/I water) to drink. Two further groups were given a normal- or low-Fe diet containing added tea leaves (20 g/kg diet). At the end of the study period, all rats given the low-Fe diet were severely anaemic, as assessed by haemoglobin, packed cell volume and liver Fe. Those given tea or the diet with added tea leaves showed a greater degree of Fe depletion. The blood and liver aluminium levels were not increased as a result of consuming tea or tea leaves, despite the higher Al intakes. Fe deficiencyper sehad no effect on Al absorption or retention from tea. It was concluded that the Al in tea was very poorly absorbed but that tea, either in the form of an infusion or as tea leaves, had an adverse effect on Fe status

scholarly journals Subchronic exposure to acrylamide affects colon mucin secretion in juvenile wistar rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Koledin ◽  
Renata Kovac ◽  
Vesna Rajkovic ◽  
Milica Matavulj
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Goblet Cell ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Mucin Secretion ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Mucin Production ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Antibody Staining ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Acrylamide (AA) is an important industrial chemical worldwide. AA also forms naturally in many high-carbohydrate foods (bread, French fries, coffee, etc.) when they are heated. Since AA is ubiquitous in the human diet, and more than one-third of the calories we take in each day come from foods with detectable levels of acrylamide, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of subchronic AA treatment on colon goblet cell mucin secretion. Male Wistar rats were gavaged with AA for 5 days a week for 21 days. The animals were divided into three groups that were gavaged with different AA concentrations (0, 25, 50 mg/kg/day). Colon samples were processed for histochemical (PAS-AB, HID-AB) and immunohistochemical (anti-rat MUC2 antibody) staining to visualize mucins in the goblet cells. AA treatment showed an alteration in mucin production and secretion in that the amount of all investigated mucin types dropped. More prominent changes were detected in the upper crypt part where a decreased number of goblet cell was observed. AA treatment elicited a significant reduction in neutral mucins, while acidic mucins showed linearly decreasing trend with respect to AA doses. Also, a linear reduction of MUC2 mucins was noticed. Sulfomucins were absent in the colon lower crypt in all experimental groups, while in the upper crypt both sulfo- and sialomucins were significantly decreased. The results of our study point to changes in the synthesis, differentiation and distribution of mucins after AA treatment, which can have adverse effect on colorectal health.

scholarly journals The effect of heat treatment and particle size of bran on mineral absorption in rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Caprez ◽  
Susan J. Fairweather-Tait
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Isotope Dilution ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Breakfast Cereal ◽  
Synthetic Diet ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Mean

1. The effect of heat treatment of bran on true zinc absorption was measured using an isotope-dilution technique. A bran-based breakfast cereal (heated to 204° for 40 min during manufacture) was incorporated into a semi-synthetic diet at a level of 180 g/kg, A parallel diet was formulated containing an identical weight of untreated bran from the same source plus other ingredients used to make the cereal.2. Young male Wistar rats (mean weight 80 g) were injected intramuscularly with 65Zn to label body Zn. They were given the heat-treated- and untreated-bran diets for 9 d. During the last 6 d of this period Zn intakes and faecal and urinary Zn were measured in order to calculate apparent Zn retention. True Zn retention was measured by taking into account losses of Zn of endogenous origin (labelled with 65Zn), by measuring faecal and urinary 65Zn taking the mean specific radioactivity of Zn in kidneys and upper small intestine to represent specific radioactivity of endogenous origin.3. Heat treatment of bran removed approximately one-third of the phytate, but this was not enough to improve Zn absorption from the diet. True Zn retention measured by isotope dilution was significantly higher (P < 0.02) than apparent Zn retention measured bv the conventional balance technique.4. The hypothesis that a reduction in particle size of bran would improve mineral availability was tested by feeding coarse and milled bran (100 g/kg diet) in a semi-synthetic diet to rats and measuring true Fe and apparent Zn absorptions. The importance of phytate was also investigated by feedino a diet containing dephytinized bran.5. Male Wistar rats (mean weight 172 g) were given diets containing coarse, milled or dephytinized bran for 9 d. Fe and Zn intakes were measured and faeces and urine collected for Fe and Zn analysis.6. The mean (±SE) particle size of the bran was reduced on milling from 3.5 (± 1.8) to 0.2–0.5 mm. There were no differences in the fraction of Fe retained between the three groups. Particle size had a small effect on Zn retention which was marginally higher in rats on the milled-bran diet (0.126 (± 0.023)) than in those on the coarse-bran diet (0.087 (± 0.012)). Total removal of phytate had a greater effect and apparent Zn retention from the dephytinized-bran diet was significantly higher (0.182 (±0.027), P < 0.01).

scholarly journals The Oral NOAEL of Flurochloridone in Male Wistar Rats in Ninety-Day Subchronic Toxicity Test Was 3mg/kg/day

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyan Zhu ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Su Zhou ◽  
Suhui Zhang ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Sperm Abnormalities ◽  
Testicular Weight ◽  
Adverse Effect Level ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Effect Level

A ninety-day toxicity and toxicokinetics of flurochloridone (FLC) were studied in male Wistar rats with oral administration at doses of 3 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg respectively, following the previous study. Apparent toxicity to reproductive system of male rats was still observed at the dose of 10 mg/kg, trace amounts of FLC were still detected 24 hours after administration, testicular weight, epididymal weight and serum testosterone were significantly reduced and sperm abnormalities in epididymis were significantly increased. No abnormalities were found in 3 mg/kg group, it indicated that no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of FLC in male rats was 3 mg/kg/day, far below the dose of 20 mg/kg/day reported by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Therefore, more attention should be paid to this herbicide.

scholarly journals ANTI-ANAEMIC POTENTIAL OF METHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF MUCUNA PRURIENS ON PHENYLHYDRAZINE (PHZ) INDUCED ANAEMIC ALBINO WISTAR RATS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 370-374
Author(s):  
Kasang Naman ◽  
Habibat Oseni ◽  
Emmanuel Enoh
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Control Group

The antianaemic potential of methanolic leaf extracts of Mucuna pruriens was investigated using phenylhydrazine (PHZ) induced anaemic albino Wistar rats.  Fifteen rats used for the study were randomized into five experimental groups. To induced anaemia, the rats (except the normal control, Group E), received 60 mg/kg of the haemolytic agent Phenylhydrazine intraperitoneally (i.p) for two consecutive days. Anaemic Wistar rats in groups A and B received a daily oral dose of 500 and 250 mg/kg of the methanolic leaf extract of Mucuna pruriens. Nweze et al. (2016) had reported a median lethal dose greater than 5000 mg/kg for the methanol leaf extract of Mucuna pruriens. Groups C and D received Vitamin B12 (10 mg/kg) and normal saline (1 ml/kg), respectively. Normal control rats also received normal saline (1 ml/kg). Extract or normal saline was administered per os (p.o) while vitamin B12 was administered i.p. for a duration of 21 days. Packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin concentration were determined weekly for three weeks. The result of the study indicated that both the methanolic leaf extract of Mucuna pruriens and Vitamin B12 significantly (p < 0.05) increased the packed cell volume and haemoglobin concentrations in treated rats compared to the negative control group of rats. This indicated that the methanolic leaf extract of Mucuna pruriens has anti-anaemic properties and could be utilized in the management of anaemia

Adverse reproductive effects of ethanolic root extract of Waltheria indica in male Wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Afisu Basiru ◽  
Ganiu Jimoh Akorede ◽  
Kehinde Soetan ◽  
Funsho O. Olayemi
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Male Reproduction ◽  
Sperm Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Abstract Background Numerous uses of Waltheria indica plant such as antitrypanosomal, antibacterial and antimalarial effects have been reported. It has however been reported that most plants with antibacterial and antiprotozoal effects have adverse effect on male reproduction. Hence, we evaluated the effect of Waltheria indica root on male reproductive parameters. Methods Twenty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=5); A–D. Group A served as control group while groups B, C and D were administered with 200, 400 and 800 mg/Kg body weight of crude ethanolic extract of Waltheria indica root. After 28 days of administration, the rats were sacrificed and sperm parameters, sperm morphology, serum reproductive hormones and lipids were determined. Results There was a significant reduction in sperm count and motility as well as significant increase in percentage abnormal sperm cell (p<0.001) at the 400 and 800 mg/kg BW. The serum levels of testosterone was also significantly reduced while total cholesterol increased significantly (p<0.05) at the highest dose. Conclusion Waltheria indica root has adverse effect on male reproduction through reduction in sperm parameters and male reproductive hormones.

scholarly journals The effect of guar gum on the viscosity of the gastrointestinal contents and on glucose uptake from the perfused jejunum in the rat

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Blackburn ◽  
I. T. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Apparent Viscosity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Synthetic Diet ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

1. Male Wistar rats were meal-fed for at least 10d a control semi-synthetic diet containing no guar gum, or one of three similar test diets containing 3, 10 or 20 g dry guar gum/kg.2. Rats were killed 6 h after feeding, and contents of stomach, small and large intestine were collected separately. The apparent viscosities of stomach and smalt intestine contents from animals fed on diets containing 10 and 20 g guar gum/kg were increased relative to control animals, but large intestine contents were unchanged3. In the second part of this study, male Wistar rats were anaesthetized and two consecutive lengths of jejunum were perfused, initially with Ringer only (control) or Ringer plus 5 or 6g guar gum/1 (test). Following this pre-perfusion, both segments were perfused with Ringer containing glucose (10 mM), [3H]glucose and [14C]inulin, and the rate of glucose absorption was determined4. The rate of glucose absorption was decreased relative to control values in segments pre-perfused with both 5 and 6g guar gum/I solution, but this reduction was significant only in the instance of the 6g/l solution (P< 0.001)5. These results provide evidence to support previous assumptions that ingestion of guar gum will increase the apparent viscosity of the contents of the stomach and small intestine. We propose that a possible mechanism by which guar reduces post-prandial glycaemia is a reduction of glucose absorption from the smali intestine, resulting from an increase in viscosity of the contents

scholarly journals Haematinic Effects of Aqueous Extract of Lophira lanceolata Leaves in Phenylhydrazine-induced Anaemia in Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Iserhienrhien Lucky Osafanme ◽  
Sheneni Victor Duniya ◽  
Nweje-Anyalowu Paul Chukwuemeka ◽  
Oguche Mercy ◽  
Idakwoji Precious Adejoh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Lophira Lanceolata ◽  
Hb Concentration ◽  
Rbc Count

Aim: The haematinic activity of the aqueous extract of Lophira lanceolata leaves was investigated using rat model of phenylhydrazine-induced anaemia. Methods and Results: Red Blood Cell (RBC) count, Haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) were analysed as indices of anaemia. Following phenylhydrazine administration to rats at a dose of 10 mg/kg for 8 days, a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the haematological parameters was observed indicating anaemia. However, treatment with graded doses (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg) of the aqueous extract of Lophira lanceolata leaves produced a significant (P<0.05) increase in the RBC count, Hb concentration and PCV time- and dose- dependently. Conclusion: It was concluded that Lophira lanceolata leaves possess haematinic activity, making it useful in the management of anaemia.

Lithium accelerates the development of tolerance to alcohol in rats

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 1203-1207
Author(s):  
Fred J. Boland ◽  
C. Allison Morgan ◽  
Paul C. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Initial Dose ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Chronic Alcohol ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Behaviorally Augmented Tolerance ◽  
Drug Free ◽  
Development Of Tolerance ◽  
Injection Procedure

Thirty male Wistar rats, trained on the moving belt test, were used to test the effect of acute and chronic lithium administration on tolerance to alcohol. Over the first 11 days, a group receiving lithium (1.5 mequiv./kg, i.p.) 4 h before and alcohol (2 g/kg, i.p.) 17 min before three daily 2-min test trials on the moving belt showed accelerated development of tolerance to alcohol compared with a group receiving saline (instead of lithium) and the same dose of alcohol. There were no differences between the groups in the level of tolerance finally reached and no differences could be detected in the effects of lithium on physiological as opposed to behaviorally augmented tolerance. Also, 12 days of lithium pretreatment did not increase tolerance to an initial dose of alcohol or modify the expected blood alcohol level. Conversely, tolerance, as a result of 12 days of chronic alcohol pretreatment, was not increased further by a single lithium administration. Drug-free performance at the end of the experiment showed that the injection procedure per se did not influence performance.

Structural and functional renal alterations in five-sixth nephrectomized rats on unrestricted diet

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 342-343
Author(s):  
I. Stachura ◽  
M. Pardo ◽  
J. Costello ◽  
D.M. Landwehr
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Phosphate Intake ◽  
Dietary Restrictions ◽  
Severe Reduction ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Unrestricted Diet ◽  
Progressive Renal Insufficiency

Under experimental conditions severe reduction of renal mass results in the hyperfiltration of the remaining nephrons leading to a progressive renal insufficiency. Similar changes are observed in patients with various renal disorders associated with a loss of the functioning nephrons. The progression of renal damage is accelerated by high protein and phosphate intake, and may be modified by the dietary restrictions.We studied 50 five-sixth nephrectarrized male Wistar rats on a standard diet (Rodent Laboratory Chow 5001 Ralston Purina Co., Richmond, Indiana; containing 23.4% protein) over a 20 week period.

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