scholarly journals Basal urinary nitrogen excretion and growth response to supplemental protein by lambs close to energy equilibrium

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. D. DeB. Hovell ◽  
E. R. Ørskov ◽  
D. A. Grubb ◽  
N. A. MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Microbial Origin ◽  
Supplemental Protein

1. Two experiments are reported. In Expt 1, five male lambs of 26–33 kg were used to measure basal nitrogen excretion when the lambs were entirely sustained by an intraruminal infusion of 450 kJ/kg body-weight0·75 per d of volatile fatty acid (VFA) and were receiving no protein. In Expt 2, which was a conventional growth trial, the response to fish meal (66 or 132 g dry matter/d) of lambs given a control diet of sodium-hydroxide-treated barley straw was measured.2. In Expt 1 the mean basal N excretion of the lambs was 429 (SE 21) mg N/kg body-weight0·75 per d. This exceeds current UK standards for the amino acid N of microbial origin which would be made available to the normally-fed host animal at a maintenance level of metabolizable energy intake.3. In Expt 2 there was a clear growth response to the fish meal, which was greater (P < 0·05, single-tailed test) than that to be predicted from the energy content of the fish meal. There was no effect of fish meal on the voluntary intake of the basal diet, but there was a suggestion that the digestibility of the basal diet was improved.4. It is concluded from Expt 1 that the basal requirement for amino acid N by lambs is three- to fourfold that currently recommended in the UK. This higher basal requirement should have resulted in a marked response to supplemental protein in Expt 2. The fact that the growth response in Expt 2 was less than anticipated may have been due to a combination of a slightly lower basal N excretion than that found in Expt 1, a higher yield of amino acids of microbial origin than current UK standards predict, and possibly to a change in the body composition of the lambs.

Influence of ammonia treatment and supplementation on the intake, digestibility and weight gain of sheep and cattle on barley straw diets

1989 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayona T. Silva ◽  
J. F. D. Greenhalgh ◽  
E. R. Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Final Concentration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Significant Gain ◽  
Ammonia Treatment ◽  
Beet Pulp

ABSTRACTThree experiments of 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design were made with sheep or cattle given a basal diet of barley straw. Fish meal (FM) and unmolassed sugar-beet pulp (SBP) were given either separately or in combination as supplements to untreated (US) or ammonia-treated barley straw (AS) to form eight diets. The diets were given for 8 weeks in experiment 1 (24 sheep), 10 weeks in experiment 2 (24 steers) and 20 weeks in experiment 3 (32 steers and bulls). Urea was added to the shredded straw US and AS, to give a final concentration of 17 g nitrogen per kg dry matter (DM). n I experiments 1 and 3, both FM and SBP, given alone or in combination, significantly increased the DM and organic matter digestibility of urea-supplemented US, but not of AS. Ammonia treatment of straw given alone increased DM intake from 414 to 729 g/day in sheep and from 4·75 to 6·09 kg/day in cattle. All animals given US as the sole food lost body weight, but cattle gained weight when US was combined with either 50 g/kg FM or 15 g/kg SBP. It was necessary to combine the two supplements to achieve a significant gain in body weight of sheep. Although the diets based on AS promoted growth in all the animals, the body-weight gains achieved with US combined with 50 g/kg FM or 15 g/kg SBP were greater than those when AS was given as the sole food.

Effect of Growth Rate on Mineral Retention and Body Composition of Growing Lambs

1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 ◽  
pp. 102-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Wan Zahari ◽  
J K Thompson ◽  
D Scott
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Fast Rate ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
The Body ◽  
Secondary Objective

The effects of plane of nutrition on the body composition of growing sheep are very apparent when animals are compared at the same age following different nutritional histories. These differences are, however, less obvious when animals of the same breed and sex are compared at the same body weight and at present there is some conjecture whether composition is affected by growth rate. This uncertainty is not limited to fat and protein but includes the bone and ash, fraction and the ash composition.The primary objective of this trial was to study the effects of different growth rates achieved by feeding different amounts of the same concentrate diet on the composition of empty-body gain and on the retention of minerals by growing lambs. A secondary objective was to examine the effect of adding supplementary calcium carbonate to the basal diet at the fast rate of growth.

Effect of abomasal infusions of methionine, casein, and starch plus methionine on the wool production of Merino wethers fed on lucerne or wheaten chaff

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 945 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Dove ◽  
GE Robards
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

Merino wethers received daily abomasal infusions of (a) 2.6 g DL-methionine, (b) 80 g casein protein or (c) 2.6 g DL-methionine plus 87 g maize starch, while consuming either lucerne chaff or wheaten chaff. Responses in wool growth, nitrogen metabolism and body weight were measured. Sheep fed on lucerne chaff had a higher urinary nitrogen excretion and nitrogen retention than those fed on wheaten chaff regardless of the presence or type of infusion. The infusion of methionine did not markedly alter these parameters from their original levels on either diet. On both diets, casein infusion led to increased urinary nitrogen excretion and nitrogen retention. Compared with sheep given starch plus methionine infusions, those given casein had higher urinary nitrogen excretion and nitrogen retention. Changes in fleece-free body weight gain followed a similar pattern. There were no pronounced differences in faecal nitrogen excretion. Regardless of the presence or type of infusion, sheep fed on lucerne grew more wool than those on wheaten chaff. On both diets, all infusions were accompanied by higher wool growths than on the basal diet alone. The effect of the casein infusion, compared with methionine infusion, was apparent only in sheep on wheaten chaff. Wool growth rates in sheep infused with starch plus methionine were not higher than the rates in the same sheep infused with methionine alone. The results suggest that the wool production of sheep will show a greater response to abomasal supplements of sulphur amino acids or casein if they are consuming a high quality diet such as lucerne chaff, compared with a low quality diet such as wheaten chaff. The apparent failure of starch infusion to stimulate wool growth above the level obtained with methionine infusions alone is discussed in relation to the interaction of protein and energy in the growth of wool.

scholarly journals The efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in the rumen and the degradability of feed nitrogen between the mouth and abomasum in steers given different diets

1984 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. McAllan ◽  
R. H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Total N ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Mixed Bacteria

1. Protozoa-free steers with simple rumen and abomasal cannulas were given basal diets consisting of a concentrate mixture of flaked maize and tapioca with barley straw (BS) or alkali-treated barley straw (BSA). Other diets were supplemented with urea (BSU and BSAU respectively) or with fish meal replacing the tapioca (BSF and BSAF respectively). The diets were isoenergetic and calculated to provide sufficient metabolizable energy (ME) to support a growth rate of 0.5 kg/d. Rumen-degradable nitrogen (RDN): ME values (g/MJ) were estimated to be 0.50, 1.20 and 0.80 for the basal diet, urea- and fish-meal-supplemented diets respectively. RNA and α, ε-diaminopimelic acid (DAP) were used as microbial markers. 103Ruthenium and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were given as flow markers and flows (g/24 h) at the abomasum of organic matter (OM) and nitrogenous constituents were calculated.2. Samples of mixed bacteria separated from rumen digesta from animals receiving N-supplemented diets contained significantly more N than those from animals receiving basal diets (approximately 74 and 62 mg/g dry matter (DM) respectively) but there were no other significant differences in total-N contents between treatments. RNA-N: total-N values were similar for all diets (approximately 0.13). DAP-N: total-N values were significantly lower in bacteria from animals receiving alkali-treated (AT) rather than untreated (UT) straw (approximately 0.008 and 0.011 respectively).3. The proportion of OM intake digested in the rumen (ADOM) was significantly higher for animals receiving AT straw rather than UT straw (approximately 0.54 and 0.43 respectively). N supplementation had no effect on OM digestibility.4. When basal rather than N-supplemented diets or AT-straw- rather than UT-straw-containing diets were given, there were significantly lower flows of ammonia-N, non-ammonia-N (NAN) and microbial-N (based on RNA flow, MN(RNA)) at the abomasum. Mean daily MN(RNA) flows (g) were 21, 30, 31, 16, 27 and 28 for diets BS, BSU, BSF, BSA, BSAU and BSAF respectively. These correspond to estimated efficiencies of microbial protein synthesis, expressed as g MN(RNA) /kg truly-digested OM, at 14, 22, 22, 12, 18 and 19 respectively. Values were significantly lower for basal as compared with corresponding N-supplemented diets and for AT-straw diets as compared with corresponding UT-straw diets.5. Estimated mean proportions of total feed-N intake degraded in the rumen, based on MN(RNA) as microbial marker, of diets BS, BSU and BSF were 0.60, 0.74 and 0.47 respectively; corresponding values for diets BSA, BSAU and BSAF were 0.72, 0.73 and 0.36 respectively. Making certain assumptions, the mean proportions of fish-meal-N digested in the rumen were calculated to be 0.23 and 0.14 respectively for UT- and AT-straw diets. The values were not significantly different. Values for microbial flows based on DAP as marker were significantly lower, by about 25%, than those based on RNA.

scholarly journals Administration of garlic and neem in broiler diet for safe meat production

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-126
Author(s):  
R Islam ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
F Nargis ◽  
ME Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Broiler Production

This study was conducted to observe the effect of different administration method of garlic and neem on growth performances, feed efficiency and serum biochemical parameters for safe broiler production. The experiment was done for a period of 32 days with 384 one-day-old straight run broiler chicks. The broiler chicks were divided into six groups each of 64 birds and replicated to four subgroups each of 16 birds. The dietary groups were; control (basal diet; no additives), antibiotic (basal diet + antibiotic), garlic in feed (basal diet + 0.25% garlic powder), garlic in water (basal diet + garlic extracts), neem in feed (basal diet + 0.25% neem powder) and neem in water (basal diet + neem extracts). Results showed that the body weight and body weight gain increased significantly (P<0.05) in both the garlic and neem groups compared to the control group. Feed intake was not different (P>0.05) among the treatment groups. Garlic in feed and water and neem in feed groups showed better FCR (P<0.05) compared to the other treatment groups. There were no significant (P>0.05) difference in meat yield, bone development and dressing parameters except head and gizzard in different dietary groups. Supplementation of garlic with feed and water significantly (P<0.05) decrease cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL compared to the other groups. However, both the garlic and neem groups showed numerically higher HDL compare to the control group. There were no 0significant (P>0.05) differences in serum glucose and GPT among different treatment groups. GOT was significantly (P<0.05) lower in neem groups than that of garlic and antibiotic groups. Additive groups showed higher profitability than control group. Based on the results of the study, it may be suggested that the garlic and neem could be used both in feed and water as potential feed additives for safe broiler production. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2019. 48 (2): 116-126

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penambahan Enzim Fitase Pada Ransum terhadap Berat Relatif Organ Pencernaan Ayam Broiler

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Meisji Liana Sari ◽  
F. Gurki N Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Pancreas Weight

The effect of supplementation phytase enzyme into poultry feed on the relative weight of broiler's digestive organs ABSTRACT. The objective of this research was to know the effect of enzim phytase supplementation on relative organ digestion broiler. The research was done for weeks at Animal Fees and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University in Mei to Juni 2008 utilized. A Completely Randomized Design with 6 treatments {P0 (100% basal diet), P1 (100% basal diet + 500 FTU/kg), P2 (100% basal diet + 600 FTU/kg), P3 (100% basal diet + 700 FTU/kg), P4 (100% basal diet + 800 FTU/kg),P5 (100% basal diet + 900 FTU/kg)}. Each treatments was replicated for 3 times. The parameters are final body weight, (%) proventrikulus, (%) relatif intestine, (%) pancreas and (%) liver weigh broiler chickens . The research showed that adding enzim phytase has join no significant effect (P0.05) on the body, liver, proventrikulus, ventrikulus weight, bur it showed significant effect on relative intestines and pancreas weight (P0.05) of broiler chickens . the average weight of body weight was 1117.50-1873.00 gram, proventrikulus was 0,44-0,64% ventrikulus was 1.30-2.32%, intestine was 2.74-4.39%, pancreas was 0,21-0,32% and liver was 2,35-3.01%.

scholarly journals Effect of Oral Administration with Lactobacillus plantarum CAM6 Strain on Sows during Gestation-Lactation and the Derived Impact on Their Progeny Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
César Betancur ◽  
Yordan Martínez ◽  
Guillermo Tellez-Isaias ◽  
Rogel Castillo ◽  
Xinghua Ding
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Study Results

Background. To evaluate the biological response of the sows and their offspring with oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum CAM6 in breeding sows, a total of 20 Pietrain breeding sows with three farrowings and their descendants were used, randomly divided into two groups of 10 sows each. Treatments included a basal diet (T0) and basal diet +10 mL biological agent containing 109 CFU/mL L. plantarum CAM6 (T1). No antibiotics were used throughout the entire experimental process of this study. Results. The L. Plantarum CAM6 supplementation in sows’ feeding did not affect ( P > 0.05 ) the reproductive performance of the sows; however, the number of deaths for their offspring before weaning ( P ≤ 0.05 ) decreased. In addition, the oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum CAM6 in sows increased ( P ≤ 0.05 ) the content of lactose, nonfat solids, mineral salts, and the density of sows’ milk, with a decrease in milk fat. Moreover, the probiotic feed orally to the sows improved the body weight ( P ≤ 0.05 ) and reduced the diarrhea incidence of their offspring ( P ≤ 0.05 ). Also, the probiotic administration of sows changed ( P ≤ 0.05 ) the serum concentration of Na+, pCO2, and D-β-hydroxybutyrate and increased ( P ≤ 0.05 ) the leukocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets in their piglets. Conclusion. Oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum CAM6 in breeding sows improved body weight, physiological status, and the health of their offspring. And preparing the neonatal piglets physiologically is of great importance to the pig farming industry which could decrease the operational cost and medication (especially antibiotics) consumption of the pig producers.

scholarly journals 76 Does supplemental protein and rumen-protected methionine improve performance and digestibility during late-gestation in beef cows?

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 75-75
Author(s):  
Madeline M Collins ◽  
Michaela K S Lievre ◽  
Kaitlyn V J Lawson ◽  
Ira B Mandell ◽  
Anna-Kate Shoveller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Cow Performance ◽  
Supplemental Protein

Abstract Methionine (MET) is likely the first limiting amino acid in low-protein forages fed to beef cattle during late-gestation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine if supplemental protein and rumen-protected MET improve cow performance and apparent tract digestibility (TTD) during late-gestation. This study used 147 late-gestation Angus crossbred cows and heifers in a 3x2 factorial arrangement for dietary treatments. The cattle were randomly assigned to one of six diets formulated to 90, 100 or 110% of metabolizable protein (MP) requirements (NRC, 2016), with (without) 9 g/d of rumen-protected MET (MetaSmart, Adisseo Inc.). These diets were fed for approximately 8 wks before calving. All data was analyzed as a randomized block design using SAS 9.4 PROC GLIMMIX procedure. Cows fed at 90% MP requirements lost body weight (BW), while cows fed at 100% and 110% MP requirements maintained and (or) gained BW over the trial (P = 0.02). Similarly, cows fed at 90% MP requirements lost more pregnancy corrected BW than cows fed at 100% and 110% MP requirements (P = 0.01). However, supplemental MET did not affect body weight gains (P &gt; 0.07). Cows and heifers fed at 90% MP requirements had reduced TTD for crude protein compared to cattle fed to 110% MP requirements (P &lt; 0.001), MET supplementation did not impact TTD (P &gt; 0.20). Additionally, cattle fed at 90% MP requirements had increased serum cholesterol and reduced urea concentrations compared to cows fed to 100% and 110% MP requirements (P &lt; 0.0001). MET supplementation increased serum concentrations for glucose, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, serine, threonine and valine (P &lt; 0.02). Calf birth weights were not significantly impacted by dietary treatment (P &gt; 0.31). Feeding cows above their MP requirements may improve late-gestation performance and CP digestibility. Supplemental MET may increase amino acid utilization but did not improve beef cow performance or digestibility parameters measured in late-gestation.

THE METABOLIC FECAL NITROGEN EXCRETION OF THE PIG AS INFLUENCED BY THE TYPE OF FIBRE IN THE RATION AND BY BODY WEIGHT

1957 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Whiting ◽  
L. M. Bezeau
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Wood Cellulose ◽  
Oat Hulls ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

Nitrogen balance studies were carried out on growing pigs (15 to 60 kg. body weight) using protein-low rations (approximately 0.3 per cent) to study the influence of body weight and type of fibre in the ration upon metabolic fecal and endogenous urinary nitrogen (N). The types and amounts of fibre used were: pure wood cellulose (Solka-Floc), 7 and 14 per cent of the ration; methocel, 7 and 14 per cent of the ration; and oat hulls, 14 and 28 per cent of the ration.Type and amount of fibre significantly affected the metabolic fecal N excretion of the pig, whether expressed on the basis of dry matter (D.M.) intake or fecal D.M. output. Wood cellulose (Solka-Floc) caused the greatest, and methocel the least, fecal N excretion per unit of D.M. intake. Oat hulls were intermediate.Fecal N excretion varied inversely with the 0.3 power of body weight between the body weights of approximately 15 and 60 kg.Endogenous urinary N in one experiment varied with approximately the 1.0 power of body weight, and in a second experiment with the 0.2 power of body weight. It was not possible in these experiments to determine the factors that influenced endogenous urinary N excretion.

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