scholarly journals Losses in weight and body water in sows after weaning

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Zoiopoulos ◽  
J. H. Topps ◽  
P. R. English
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Deuterium Oxide ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dilution Technique ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

1. The loss of body water of eight sows in the 7 d following weaning was determined using the deuterium oxide dilution technique. Four of the sows had received a concentrate diet in restricted amounts while the other four had been given the same diet mixed with two-thirds its weight of oat husksad lib. during the whole of the preceding lactation. Certain blood and urine constituents were also measured.2. Loss of body water was significantly less (P < 0·05) than weight loss of fasted animals, but body water losses were considerable in six of the eight animals.3. Excretion of urinary nitrogen, urea and creatinine and levels of plasma urea were higher, while levels of plasma non-esterified fatty acids and the hydroxyproline index were lower 1 week after weaning compared with values obtained on the day following weaning.4. These results indicate that in addition to water loss, depletion of body tissue, including protein, occurs in the newly-weaned sow.

Effects of growth hormone-releasing factors and cottonseed meal on hormones and metabolites in plasma from lambs fed lucerne chaff ad libitum

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
RD Sainz ◽  
BJ Hosking ◽  
FJ Hart ◽  
GSG Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Ad Libitum

This study was part of an experiment on the effects of cottonseed meal (CSM) and growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) on growth in lambs fed lucerne chaff. Forty-eight crossbred lambs were fed lucerne chaff ad libitum, alone or with a cottonseed meal supplement (CSM; 300 g/day). Eight lambs from each group were injected twice daily with recombinant or synthetic GRF (rGRF and sGRF respectively; 30 8g per kg body weight/day) or excipient only for 28 or 30 days. Jugular blood samples were obtained on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28. On day 29, blood samples were taken from selected lambs (n = 2/group) at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 160 and 240 min after injection. Supplementation of lucerne chaff with CSM generally increased glucose and urea concentrations in plasma, reflecting improved energy and protein status. However, concentrations of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin were unaffected by CSM, as were plasma proteins, triacylglycerols and non-esterified fatty acids. Injection of rGRF and sGRF stimulated secretion of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin. Peak GH concentrations (20 min) following injection of GRF appeared to be higher in lambs fed CSM than in those receiving lucerne chaff alone. In contrast, maximal concentrations of IGF-1 were seen after 14 days of treatment. These changes were accompanied by increased plasma glucose, with no changes in triacylglycerols, non-esterified fatty acids and protein. Plasma urea was reduced by GRF, indicating that amino acids were diverted away from catabolism towards protein synthesis. These two sources of GRF were very similar in their endocrine and metabolic effects. This confirms similar observations regarding their effects on growth performance and carcass composition.

scholarly journals Metabolic adaptation and hormonal regulation in young rabbit does during long-term caloric restriction and subsequent compensatory growth

2004 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Rommers ◽  
C. Boiti ◽  
G. Brecchia ◽  
R. Meijerhof ◽  
J. P. T. M. Noordhuizen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids

AbstractAn experiment was performed to assess the metabolic adaptation and hormonal regulation in young female rabbits during long-term food restriction and subsequent compensatory growth during rearing. Feeding level was either ad libitum (AL, no. = 52) or restricted (R, no. = 52). From 6 to 12 weeks of age, food intake ofR was kept at a constant level. This resulted in an increase in relative restriction as compared with AL to 0-54of AL intake at 12 weeks of age (restriction period). Thereafter food intake gradually increased to 0-95 of AL at 17 weeks of age (recovery period). During the last 5 days before insemination at 17-5 weeks of age, all animals were fed to appetite. Blood samples were taken weekly from 6 to 17 weeks of age from 11 animals in each group. Growth rate of R was reduced during the restricted period (29 (s.d. 2) v. 44 (s.d. 5) g/day for R and AL, respectively; P 0-05), but was higher in the recovery period (30 (s.d. 3) v. 27 (s.d. 4) g/day, respectively; P<0-05). At first insemination, AL rabbits were heavier than R (4202 (s.d. 388) v. 3798 (s.d. 220) g, respectively; P < 0-001). During the restricted period, plasma glucose was constantly lower (P < 0-05) in R. Insulin levels paralleled those of glucose, being lower (P < 0-05) in R than in AL. Restriction reduced (P < 0-05) circulating corticosterone and tri-iodothyronine (T3) levels in R. Leptin, non-esterified fatty acids, and plasma urea nitrogen levels were similar for AL and R during food restriction, whereas triglycerides were similar until 10 weeks of age, after which the levels were lower in R. During the recovery period, the food intake of the R but not AL rabbits increased. Insulin was the only hormone in R rabbits that had returned to levels found in AL rabbits by the 2nd week of the recovery period. Glucose, T3, and corticosterone levels returned to levels found in AL rabbits between 3 to 4 weeks after refeeding. Non-esterified fatty acids, triglycerides, and leptin were higher (P < 0-05) in AL rabbits from 13 weeks of age onwards. The pattern of changes in the endocrine status during food restriction and compensatory growth in rabbits do conform with those from other species, although some specific changes may vary depending on the severity of food restriction and its duration.

Effect of storage of plasma and serum on enzymatic determination of non-esterified fatty acids

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis García Menéndez ◽  
Ana L Fernández ◽  
Alfredo Enguix ◽  
Constanza Ciriza ◽  
Juan Amador
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Enzymatic Method ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Enzymatic Determination ◽  
The Stability

Many contradictory results have been published on the stability of total non-esterified fatty acids in blood, plasma and serum under different storage conditions. The present study was undertaken to investigate the stability of non-esterified fatty acids, measured with an enzymatic method, in samples of EDTA-treated plasma and serum under different temperature conditions. We conclude that EDTA-treated plasma and serum can both be used for analysis. Specific reference values should be established depending on the type of sample chosen. Samples that cannot be analysed immediately can be stored at -20°C for at least 14 days without significant changes in the concentration of total non-esterified fatty acids. None of the other storage conditions and periods studied are suitable for the measurement of non-esterified fatty acid concentration.

Lignans and Lipophilic Extractives in Norway Spruce Knots and Stemwood

Holzforschung ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Willför ◽  
J. Hemming ◽  
M. Reunanen ◽  
C. Eckerman ◽  
B. Holmbom
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Radial Direction ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Resin Acids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Outer Branch

Summary The hydrophilic and lipophilic extractives in the heartwood of knots from 7 Norway spruce trees were analysed by GC, GC-MS and HPSEC. The knots contained extremely large amounts of lignans, 6–24% (w/w), with hydroxymatairesinol comprising 65–85% of the lignans. Even the knots of the young trees contained 4–8% (w/w) of lignans. The variation in the amount of lignans was large among knots, both within a single tree and between trees. In addition to the lignans, knots also contained 2–6% (w/w) of a complex mixture of lignan-like compounds with 3, 4 and even up to 6 phenyl propane units, here called oligolignans. The amounts of lignans in the knots were similar in the radial direction from the pith into the outer branch, but decreased dramatically outwards in the branch, almost disappearing after 10–20 cm. The ratio of the 2 epimers of hydroxymatairesinol differed between different knots and even within the knot. A new spruce lignan, nortrachelogenin, or its enantiomer, wikstromol, was detected in knots from trees in northern Finland as opposed to samples from southern Finland. The amount of lipophilic extractives was small compared to the amount of hydrophilic extractives in the knots. Five of the dead knots contained more resin acids and free diterpenyl alcohols than ordinary stemwood. In the other knots, the amount of lipophilic extractives was on the same level as stem heartwood. The stem sapwood contained larger amounts of esterified fatty acids than the knots.

Estimation of composition of weight loss in man: a comparison of methods

1977 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. U. Yang ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
R. M. Pierson ◽  
T. B. Van Itallie
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Tight Cluster ◽  
Wide Scatter ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Total Body

Five different procedures were used to estimate composition of weight loss by six obese individuals maintained on low-calorie regimens: 1) energy-nitrogen (E-N) balance; 2) total body water-nitrogen balance (TBW-N); 3) total body water (TBW); 4) total body potassium (TBK); and 5) an anthropometric method. Quantity of weight lost by obese subjects during comparison periods lasting 25–40 days ranged from 7.9 to 17.1 kg. Expressed as percent of aggregate weight loss, collective fat loss was 47.6 by E-N balance; 46.3 by TBW-N balance; 51.7 by TBK; 50.9 by anthrometry; and 33 by TBW. The E-N balance method yielded a tight cluster of individual means, whereas the other procedures gave a wide scatter of means. For short-term studies, the E-N balance procedure, although tedious and difficult, should yield results less variable than those generated by any of the other methods examined.

Milking of cows in late pregnancy: milk production during this period and during the succeeding lactation

1992 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Rémond ◽  
Alain Ollier ◽  
Guy Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Performance

SummaryFifteen lactating cows were milked throughout pregnancy, and the effects on milk performance were studied during this period and during the succeeding lactation, relative to 11 conventionally managed cows (2 months dry before calving) as controls. During the last 2 months of pregnancy, only nine cows did not dry off spontaneously. Protein and fat concentrations in milk increased rapidly, but the concentration of lactose, corrected for milk yield, did not change. The ratios of individual caseins to total protein decreased with the quantity of milk produced, but only for yields below ˜ 6 kg/d. The relative proportion of κ-casein tended to decrease in the last milkings. During the succeeding lactation (first 15 weeks after calving and first 6 weeks of grazing) continuously milked cows yielded 4 kg milk/d less than the cows of the other group. The protein content of their milk was higher (2–3 g/kg depending on the period) than that of the control group, and the lactose content tended (p < 0·10) to be lower. Changes in the relative proportions of nitrogenous fractions with time were not different in the two groups. Differences between the two groups in the concentration of protein in milk, and in the concentration of glucose and non-esterified fatty acids in the plasma, suggest a better energy balance for the continuously milked cows during the succeeding lactation.

Potentiation of effects of weight loss by monounsaturated fatty acids in obese NIDDM patients

Diabetes ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 569-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Low ◽  
E. B. Grossman ◽  
B. Gumbiner
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Niddm Patients

Effect of Propolis-Supplemented Diet on Body Composition and Endocrine Function of Adipose Tissue

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-221
Author(s):  
Maria Jesús Lisbona-González ◽  
Candela Reyes-Botella ◽  
Esther Muñoz-Soto ◽  
Maria Victoria Olmedo-Gaya, ◽  
Jorge Moreno-Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ and has central role in interaction with other organs or tissues while propolis can induce lipolysis. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide detailed information about adipose tissue homeostasis modifications and body composition during propolis supplement consumption. Twenty male Wistar albino rats (8 weeks) were divided into two groups of 10 animals each and fed for 90 days with two different types of diets: standard for the control group (diet C) and standard diet + 2% propolis (diet P). Thyroid hormones did not show differences, while ghrelin and adiponectin decreased in the group that was fed propolis. Insulin, leptin, and non-esterified fatty acids also increased along with reduced body weight and fat, in addition to increased lean mass when propolis was in the diet. We conclude that propolis could decrease ghrelin and adiponectin but increase non-esterified fatty acids and insulin secretion, which improves body composition.

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