scholarly journals The effects of energy intake and dietary protein on nitrogen retention, growth performance, body composition and some aspects of energy metabolism of baby pigs

1983 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Campbell ◽  
A. C. Dunkin
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Adequate Diet ◽  
Protein Deficient Diet

1. The effects of level of feeding of either a protein-adequate or a protein-deficient diet on nitrogen retention (NR), growth performance, body composition and some aspects of energy utilization in pigs growing from 1·8 to 6·5 kg live weight (LW) were investigated in two experiments.2. In Expts 1 and 2 piglets were given a protein-adequate diet at four levels of intake (0·93, 1·44, 1·83 and 2·30 MJ gross energy (GE)/kg LW0·75 per d) and a protein-deficient diet at five levels of intake (1·14, 1·38, 1·68, 1·95 and 2·30 MJ GE/kg LW0·75 per d) respectively.3. For pigs given the protein-adequate diet (Expt 1) NR was linearly (P < 0·001) related to energy intake (EI) and independent of N intake (NI). NR in pigs given the protein-deficient diet (Expt 2) was linearly (P < 0·001) related to NI and independent of EI.4. Average daily LW gain responded linearly to increases in EI in both experiments. However, at equivalent levels of EI pigs given the protein-adequate diet exhibited more rapid and efficient growth than those given the protein-deficient diet. The results also indicated an interaction between the effects of EI and dietary protein content for feed conversion efficiency.5. Body fat at 6·5 kg LW increased in a curvilinear fashion with increasing EI in both experiments. However, over the range of EI tested (from approximately 1·8 to 4·6 times energy for maintenance) body fat increased by 153% in Expt 1 and by only 27% in Expt 2. Pigs given the protein-deficient diet were also markedly fatter than those given the protein-adequate diet. Body protein at 6·5 kg LW decreased (P < 0·01) with increasing EI in Expt 1 but was unaffected by EI in Expt 2.6. As estimated by multiple regression analysis, the values for the efficiency of energy utilization for protein (kp) and fat (kf) deposition were 0·76 and 0·78 respectively in Expt 1 and 0·42 and 0·89 resepctively in Expt 2. The estimates of metabolizable energy required for maintenance were 445 and 532 kJ/kg LW0·75 per d for Expts 1 and 2 respectively.

The influence of dietary protein and energy intake on the performance, body composition and energy utilization of pigs growing from 7 to 19 kg

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Campbell ◽  
A. C. Dunkin
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein

ABSTRACTThirty-six entire male pigs were used to investigate the effects of two levels of dietary crude protein (150 and 220 g/kg) each in combination with four levels of feeding (1·0, 1·32, 1·64 MJ digestible energy/kg M0·73per day andad libitum) on growth, body composition and energy utilization over the live-weight range 7 to 19 kg.Growth rate responded linearly (P< 0·001) to increasing energy intake but was depressed (P< 0·05) when dietary crude protein was reduced from 220 to 150 g/kg.Raising digestible energy intake increased and decreased respectively the proportions of fat and protein in the empty body at 19 kg live weight. However, the magnitude of the response of both components to change in digestible energy intake was reduced in the case of pigs fed the lower protein diet.Total energy retained and that retained as fat and as protein responded linearly (P< 0·001) to change in digestible energy intake of either diet. Extrapolation of the regression of total energy retained on digestible energy intake yielded a digestible energy requirement for maintenance of 510 kJ/kg M0·75per day, which was unaffected by level of dietary protein.The partial efficiencies of protein utilization, estimated from the regressions of protein deposition (g/day) on protein intake (g/day), were 0·616 and 0·411 for pigs given the diets containing 150 and 220 g crude protein per kg respectively.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF DIETARY PROTEIN CONTENT ON Trypanosoma cruzi INFECTION IN GERMFREE AND CONVENTIONAL MICE

1998 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isa P. CINTRA ◽  
Marcelo E. SILVA ◽  
Marcílio E.C. SILVA ◽  
Márcio E. SILVA ◽  
L.C. C. AFONSO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Deficient Diet ◽  
Red Blood Cell Count ◽  
Cruzi Infection ◽  
Microbiological Status

Germfree (GF) and conventional (CV) mice were fed on diets containing 4.4, 13.2 or 26.4% of protein (weight/weight). CV mice fed on low protein diet did not gain weight during four weeks, whereas the protein deficient diet did not affect the growth of GF mice. After four weeks on these diets, the mice were inoculated with 5x103 trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi. The protein deficiency affected less the GF than the CV mice, according to the following parameters: weight gain, hemoglobin, plasma protein and albumin levels and water and protein contents of the carcass. Infection with T. cruzi produced a significant decrease in hemoglobin levels, red blood cell count, and water and protein contents in the carcass. This decrease was more pronounced in the GF mice. Histopathologically, there was no difference between the treatments in animals with the same microbiological status (GF or CV). However, the disease was more severe in the GF than in the CV mice.

Effects of dietary protein level and energy intake from 50 to 120 kg on body weight, back fat thickness and body composition in gilts

2019 ◽  
Vol 227 ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Varmløse Strathe ◽  
Janni Hales ◽  
Pia Brandt ◽  
Thomas Sønderby Bruun ◽  
Charlotte Amdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Dietary Protein Level ◽  
Fat Thickness

Conjugated linoleic acid rapidly reduces body fat content in mice without affecting energy intake

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (4) ◽  
pp. R1172-R1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. DeLany ◽  
Fawn Blohm ◽  
Alycia A. Truett ◽  
Joseph A. Scimeca ◽  
David B. West
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Fat Accumulation

Recent reports have demonstrated that conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has effects on body fat accumulation. In our previous work, CLA reduced body fat accumulation in mice fed either a high-fat or low-fat diet. Although CLA feeding reduced energy intake, the results suggested that some of the metabolic effects were not a consequence of the reduced food intake. We therefore undertook a study to determine a dose of CLA that would have effects on body composition without affecting energy intake. Five doses of CLA (0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0% by weight) were studied in AKR/J male mice ( n = 12/group; age, 39 days) maintained on a high-fat diet (%fat 45 kcal). Energy intake was not suppressed by any CLA dose. Body fat was significantly lower in the 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0% CLA groups compared with controls. The retroperitoneal depot was most sensitive to the effects of CLA, whereas the epididymal depot was relatively resistant. Higher doses of CLA also significantly increased carcass protein content. A time-course study of the effects of 1% CLA on body composition showed reductions in fat pad weights within 2 wk and continued throughout 12 wk of CLA feeding. In conclusion, CLA feeding produces a rapid, marked decrease in fat accumulation, and an increase in protein accumulation, at relatively low doses without any major effects on food intake.

The influence of nutrition in early life on growth and development of the pig 3. Effects of energy intake prior and subsequent to 10 kg on growth and development to 30 kg live weight

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Campbell ◽  
A. C. Dunkin
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Level ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

ABSTRACT1. Forty-two piglets were used to study the effects of a low, medium or high level of energy intake (1·0, 1·4 and 1·9 MJ gross energy per kg W0·75 per day respectively) from 1·8 to 10 kg live weight and a low or high level of energy intake (1·4 and 1·8 MJ digestible energy per kg W075 per day respectively) subsequent to 10 kg live weight on growth performance, body composition and the cellularity of muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue to 30 kg live weight. During both live-weight periods all pigs received the same daily intake of crude protein.2. Raising energy intake in the period prior to 10 kg live weight increased (P < 0·-05) growth rate, body fat content and fat cell size but reduced food conversion efficiency, body protein and water (P < 0·05) and muscle deoxyribonucleic acid. These effects on body composition and muscle deoxyribonucleic acid at 10 kg live weight were still evident at 30 kg live weight.3. Subsequent to 10 kg live weight, pigs previously given the lowest energy intake deposited protein and fat at a faster rate and exhibited more rapid and efficient growth (P < 0·05) than pigs previously given the high energy intake.4. At 30 kg live weight pigs given the two higher levels of energy intake before 10 kg live weight contained less deoxyribonucleic acid (P < 0·05) in subcutaneous adipose tissue and had larger (P < 0·05) fat cells than those given the lowest energy intake before 10 kg live weight.5. The effects of energy intake subsequent to 10 kg live weight on growth performance, body composition and the cellularity of muscle and adipose tissue were qualitatively the same as those for the period 1·8 to 10 kg live weight.

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