scholarly journals The effect of dietary raw and autoclaved soya-bean protein fractions on growth, pancreatic enlargement and pancreatic enzymes in rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Naim ◽  
Arieh Gertler ◽  
Yehudith Birk
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Pancreatic Enzymes ◽  
Growth Depression ◽  
Pancreatic Proteases ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Ti Content

1. Raw soya-bean meal (RS) was fractionated into soya-bean lyophilized extract (SLE), soya-bean lyophilized residue (SLR), acid-precipitated proteins (APP) and whey proteins.2. Trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4) and chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1) inhibitors (TI) were soluble at pH 8 and remained soluble after the extract was acidified to pH 4·4. Except for whey, heating abolished, almost totally, their inhibiting activity.3. Feeding SLE diet (high TI content) and APP diet (low TI content) resulted in growth depression below the RS level. Feeding the SLR diet resulted in an optimal growth. Feeding diets containing heated fractions improved the growth rate though not to the level observed with heated RS (HS) diet.4. RS, SLE, APP and whey diets produced similar pancreatic enlargement which could be totally (RS, whey) or partially (SLE, APP) abolished by heating.5. Feeding the RS diet reduced pancreatic amylase content. The factor responsible for this effect cofractionated with SLE and whey proteins.6. Two groups of factors in the various diets were probably responsible for the elevation in pancreatic proteases. The first group were the heat-labile factors present in RS, SLE and whey whereas the second group resisted the heat treatment and were found in APP and SLR.7. The results suggest that for optimal growth rate of rats, heat treatment should be given to the unfractionated soya-bean proteins rather than to the isolated fractions. The results further indicated that TI are not the only factors that can lead to pancreatic enlargement and changes in pancreatic enzymes composition.

scholarly journals PSVII-35 Late-Breaking Abstract: Microwave heat treatment feed effect on ruminal degradability and intestinal protein digestibility - a brief review

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 342-343
Author(s):  
Md Safiqur Rahaman Shishir ◽  
Muhammad Jamal Khan ◽  
Hassan Khanaki ◽  
Graham Brodie ◽  
Brendan Cullen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
Intestinal Protein ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

Abstract Rumen degradability of crude protein (CP) of feed is a major factor that determines the utilization of CP in ruminant production. This study briefly reviewed the findings from six international studies of microwave (MW) heat treatment effect on feed CP rumen degradability and intestinal CP digestibility. Six in vitro studies of concentrate feed (canola seed, canola meal, soya bean meal, cottonseed meal, corn, and barley) showed a decrease in effective rumen degradability of dry matter and protein by 4–40% and 17–40%, respectively compared to control group (untreated concentrate feed). Among the six studies, four studies identified the MW heat treatment effect on intestinal protein digestibility. Due to MW heat treatment, canola seed, canola meal, soya bean meal, and cottonseed meal showed an increase in intestinal CP digestibility by 17%, 20%, 21%, and 19%, respectively. Overall the briefly reviewed studies showed that, MW heat treatment substantially reduced feed CP ruminal degradability and increased in vitro CP digestibility of ruminally undegraded CP.

scholarly journals The effect of feeding high levels of low-quality proteins to growing chickens

1975 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Wetnli ◽  
T. R. Morris ◽  
T. P. Shresta
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
The Third ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Groundnut Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

1. Three growth trials were done using male broiler chicks. In the first two trials, groundnut meal was used, with and without supplementary methionine and lysine. In the third trial, soya-bean meal was used with and without supplementary methionine. Protein levels ranged in the first trial from 120 to 420 g/kg diet and in the third trial from 120 to 300 g/kg diet. Thus the assumed minimal amino acid requirements of the chick were supplied by high levels of low-quality dietary protein.2. Diets based on cereals and groundnut meal did not support maximum live-weight gain or maximum efficiency of food utilization at any level of dietary protein. When the principal deficiencies of lysine and methionine were corrected, this protein mixture was capable of supporting the same growth rate as a control diet of cereals and herring meal.3. Diets based on maize and soya-bean meal did not support quite the same growth rate as similar diets supplemented with methionine, even though the protein level in the unsupplemented diets was sufficient to meet the assumed methionine requirements.4. These results are interpreted as examples of amino acid imbalance in diets composed of familiar feeding-stuffs. It is concluded that one cannot assume that the poor quality of a protein source can always be offset by increasing the concentration of dietary protein.

A note on the effect of amino acid or urea supplements to barley diets for the finishing pig

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. F. Hintz ◽  
W. G. Pond ◽  
W. J. Visek
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Finishing Pig ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

SUMMARYIn trials 1 and 2, supplements of urea and cottonseed meal increased the protein content of the basal diets from 12·2 to 14·0–14·6%, but had no significant effects on growth rate or carcass characteristics. In trial 3 the effect of cottonseed meal on growth rate was almost significant but urea had less effect. In trial 4, the basal diet contained 11·0% protein; soya bean meal increased this to 13·1% and had an almost significant effect on growth rate. Lysine and lysine + urea had no effect.

scholarly journals Digestibilities of casein and soya-bean protein in relation to their effects on serum cholesterol in rabbits

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. H. Woodward ◽  
Kenneth K. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Pancreatic Enzymes ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Acid Ph ◽  
Ph Dependent ◽  
Low Solubility ◽  
Bean Protein

1. Diets containing isolated soya-bean protein induce lower levels of serum cholesterol in animals than diets containing casein. Experiments were conducted to investigate whether differences in digestibility of the proteins might explain this effect.2. At pH 8 with pancreatic enzymes or intestinal peptidase, soya-bean protein was hydrolysed in vitro much less rapidly than casein. However, with pepsin (EC3. 4. 23. 1) at acid pH, soya-bean protein was hydrolysed more rapidly than casein.3. These differences in digestibility may be due to pH-dependent changes in solubility of the proteins. Casein and soya-bean protein were most soluble at alkaline and acid pH respectively.4. Heat treatment of the proteins resulted in lower solubilities and digestibilities. Sonication of soya-bean protein at pH 7.8 increased solubility but only slightly raised digestibility.5. When fed to rabbits, enzymically hydrolysed soya-bean protein induced a 2.3-fold higher concentration of serum cholesterol than did intact soya-bean protein. The hypocholesterolaemic effect of soya-bean protein may be partly attributable to its low solubility and digestibility at alkaline pH.

scholarly journals A comparison of the effects of raw and heated soya-bean meal in diets for germ-free and conventional chicks

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie E. Coates ◽  
D. Hewitt ◽  
P. Golob
Keyword(s):  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Growth Depression ◽  
Amylolytic Enzymes ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

1. Chicks were reared to 3 weeks in a germ-free or conventional environment on diets containing 50% raw or heated soya-bean meal. Body-weights and pancreas weights were determined and the proteolytic and amylolytic enzymes in the pancreas were measured. In one experiment the contents of the intestinal tract were analysed for their content of nitrogenous compounds.2. The growth of chicks given raw soya was depressed below that of controls given heated soya, and the growth depression was significantly greater in the conventional compared with the germ-free environment.3. The pancreases of chicks given raw soya were significantly larger than those given heated soya. The degree of enlargement was similar in both environments. The concentration of α-amylase was lower in the enlarged pancreases, but the total amount per pancreas was similar to that in the normal pancreases. Conversely, the concentration of proteolytic enzymes was the same or greater in the enlarged pancreases, which had significantly greater total content of proteases than did the normal pancreases.4. There was evidence of impaired protein digestion in the birds given the raw soya diets. Their gut contents contained larger amounts of insoluble matter, with higher nitrogen content, and the soluble fraction contained more nitrogen present as ‘protein’, with correspondingly less ‘peptide’ and ‘amino acid’, than did similar samples from birds given heated soya. No differences were observed in this respect between germ-free and conventional birds.5. It was concluded that the gut microflora exacerbated the growth-depressing effect on chicks of raw soya meal. Possible explanations are advanced.

Methionine requirements of weanling European pigs given cassava flour/soya bean meal diets

1981 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. O. Balogun ◽  
B. L. A. Fetuga
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Cassava Flour ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

ABSTRACTForty-eight Large White × Landrace weanling pigs weighing initially 9·69 (s.e. 013) kg were used to evaluate the dietary methionine requirements of weanling European pigs reared under a humid, lowland, tropical environment. Response criteria used were growth rate, efficiency of food conversion, carcass quality, and the weights of some organs and individual muscles. The pigs (three male castrates and three females per treatment) were given a cassava flour-soya bean meal diet containing 202 g crude protein per kg dry matter and supplemented with increments of multiples of 0·8 g DL-methionine per kg diet. Total dietary methionine levels ranged from 2·3 to 7·9 g per kg diet dry matter. All diets contained 14·75 MJ digestible energy per kg dry matter. The experiment lasted 42 days, at the end of which the pigs were slaughtered at an average live weight of 17 kg.Growth rate and feed efficiency were significantly improved when the basal diet was supplemented with DL-methionine (P< 0·001). No significant treatment differences in organ weight were found. Methionine requirement was significantly influenced by sex and age of the pigs, with castrates having lower requirements than females. Pooled estimated methionine requirements for optimum growth rate and efficiency of food conversion were 4·0 and 4·3 g/kg diet dry matter respectively. Maximum proportion of lean was recorded on the diet containing 3·1 g total methionine per kg dry matter.

A comparison of two methods of NaOH treatment of spring barley straw with untreated straw and hay

1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Smith ◽  
J. W. Siviter ◽  
W. H. Broster
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Naoh Treatment ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

SUMMARYSpring barley straw treated with NaOH, either chopped and ensiled or ground and pelleted, was compared with long untreated straw and hay, in mixed diets of compound and forage fed to yearling dairy heifers. Protein allowance and source were varied by the inclusion of either fishmeal, soya-bean meal or urea in the diet.Growth rate was improved in two out of three trials by chopped ensiled straw treated with NaOH, compared with long untreated straw, and equalled that supported by hay. Dry-matter intake and digestibility were also improved, although rumen NH3-N concentrations were low. With ground pelleted straw treated with NaOH the effects were less decisive: growth rate was increased once and reduced once compared with long untreated straw, but dry-matter intake was substantially increased. Digestibility remained similar to that of long untreated straw, and was unchanged by rate of feeding. NaOH treatment resulted in small changes in molar proportions of VFA. Digestibility of hay fell when concentrates were added to the diet.Fishmeal increased growth rate with all forms of straw and hay and was more efficient in this respect than either soya-bean meal or urea.

A note on the need for supplementary nitrogen in diets for fattening beef cattle

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kay ◽  
A. Macdearmid
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Experimental Treatments

SUMMARYThirty British Friesian steers were given either a pelleted diet of bruised barley and ground barley straw (70:30) containing 9·4% crude protein (N × 6·25) or a similar diet with urea or soya bean meal added to raise the crude protein content to 15·0%. Up to a live weight of 200 kg, the growth rate and feed conversion of steers were improved by supplementary nitrogen and urea provided this as effectively as soya bean meal. Beyond 200 kg there were no differences in growth rate or feed conversion between any of the experimental treatments.

Growth, tissue deposition and metabolism studies in growing pigs given low glucosinolate rapeseed meal diets containing different amounts of copper and polyethylene glycol

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Rowan ◽  
T. L. J. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Growth Experiments

SummaryIn three factorial growth experiments and a metabolism experiment pigs of approximately 25 kg initial live weight were given on a restricted scale of feeding simple diets, based on barley, a vitamin and mineral supplement and either soya-bean meal (SBM) or a low glucosinolate rapeseed meal (cv. Tower; TRSM). Variations in these two basic diets were produced by adding different quantities of tannic acid, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and copper (Cu).Diets based on soya-bean meal were used in the first experiment. There were no significant interactions. Tannic acid added at 3·75 and 7·50 g/kg air-dry matter was without significant effect on performance compared with no tannic acid addition, but PEG at 17 g/kg air-dry matter significantly improved growth rate compared with no PEG addition to the diet (P < 0·05). In the second experiment TRSM-based diets were used. There were no significant interactions and no significant effects on performance from adding 0, 8·5 and 17·0 g PEG/kg air-dry matter. Increasing Cu from 17 to 54 mg/kg air-dry diet significantly improved growth rate (P < 0·05). In the third experiment TRSM and SBM based diets, of similar digestible energy (DE), crude protein and lysine content, and containing either 19 or 202 mg Cu/kg air-dry matter, were used. Pigs were slaughtered at 87·5 kg live weight and hand joints dissected. Pigs given the TRSM diet containing 19 mg Cu/kg grew significantly more slowly than pigs given the three other diets between which there were no significant differences. There were no other significant interactions and no significant differences between Cu concentrations for the growth, carcass and efficiency of conversion results. Compared with TRSM diets, SBM diets at similar slaughter weights gave significantly greater carcass weights, killingout proportions and backfat thicknesses. Also the efficiencies with which dietary protein and DE were used to promote units of carcass growth were significantly better for the SBM diets, but there were no significant differences in the estimated weights of lean in carcasses.In the metabolism experiments the effects of adding PEG to diets similar to those used in the growth experiments were examined. The apparent digestibilities of dry matter, gross energy and nitrogen and the nitrogen retentions were significantly greater for the SBM diets than for the TRSM diets. The addition of PEG to the SBM and TRSM diets significantly decreased the apparent digestibilities of dry matter and gross energy, and significantly increased the apparent digestibility of nitrogen in the SBM diet but not in the TRSM diet.

scholarly journals 261 Increasing dietary amylose reduces rate of starch digestion and increases microbial fermentation in weaned pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 86-86
Author(s):  
F P Y Tan ◽  
L F Wang ◽  
E Beltranena ◽  
R T Zijlstra
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Metabolite Profile ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Starch Digestion ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Abstract Beneficial effects of SCFA in modulating gut health stimulated interest on dietary strategies to increase intestinal microbial activity and digesta SCFA. Amylose has lower apparent ileal digestibility (AID) than amylopectin. In the large intestine, undigested starch is fermented by microbes producing SCFA. The objective was to determine effects of increasing dietary amylose on starch flow and metabolite profile along the intestinal tract in weaned pigs. Weaned pigs (n=32; initial BW, 8.4 kg) were randomly allocated to 4 diets containing 67% starch with 0, 20, 35, or 70% amylose in a randomized complete block design. On day 21, pigs were euthanized to collect digesta and feces for evaluating starch digestion and metabolite profiles. Apparent hindgut fermentation (AHF) was calculated as apparent total tract digestibility minus AID. Feed intake was 12% lower (P &lt; 0.05) and growth rate was 18% lower (P &lt; 0.05) for pigs fed 70% amylose than pigs fed 0, 20, or 35% amylose. Feed efficiency was greatest (P &lt; 0.05) for pigs fed with 35% amylose. The AID of starch was 44% lower (P &lt; 0.05) in pigs fed 70% amylose. Starch was completely digested by the proximal colon in pigs fed 0, 20, or 35% amylose, but AHF of starch was 14% greater (P &lt; 0.05) in pigs fed 70% amylose. Increasing dietary amylose did not alter digesta SCFA in the small intestine, but increased (P &lt; 0.05) digesta SCFA in the cecum, specifically acetate and total SCFA, and increased (P &lt; 0.05) propionate and valerate in all sections of the colon. In conclusion, increasing dietary amylose in weaned pigs stimulated hindgut fermentation of starch with a corresponding increase in digesta total SCFA in the cecum and colon. Optimizing dietary amylose may exert its effect as dietary prebiotic while promoting an optimal growth rate in young pigs.

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