scholarly journals An attempt to distinguish between the direct and indirect effects, in the laying domestic fowl, of added dietary copper sulphate

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary H. Stevenson ◽  
N. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Depressing Effect ◽  
Dietary Copper ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Liver Lipid Concentration ◽  
And Control

1. An experiment is reported in which the effects of giving copper sulphate-supplemented diets and control unsupplemented pair-fed diets to laying hens were compared.2. The level of food intake significantly adversely affected mean body-weight, egg number, egg weight, liver, kidney, oviduct and ovary weights. Gizzard weight/kg body-weight was significantly increased both with decreasing levels of food intake and increased CuSO4 supplementation.3. There was evidence of a depressing effect of CuSO4per se on egg production and possibly on oviduct and ovary weight.4. Liver lipid concentration was significantly decreased with decreasing levels of food intake and the results also suggest a depressing effect of CuSO4.5. The Cu concentrations and total contents in liver and kidneys were significantly increased by dietary added CuSO4. Liver and kidney Zn and Fe concentrations were increased with decreasing levels of food intake rather than by CuSO4. addition.

scholarly journals A study of the effects of dietary added cupric oxide on the laying, domestic fowl and a comparison with the effects of hydrated copper sulphate

1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Jackson ◽  
Mary H. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Cupric Oxide ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Lipid Concentration ◽  
Unit Body Weight ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
Liver Lipid Concentration

1. An experiment is reported in which copper, as cupric oxide, was fed to two breeds of laying hen for 336 d at levels equivalent to 150, 300, 450, 600 and 750 mg added Cu/kg diet. The results obtained were compared with those found using similar diets to which the Cu was added as CuSO4. 5H2O.2. Addition of the CuO had no effect on food intake, food conversion efficiency, body-weight or egg production. The CuSO4 addition caused the quadratic response of food intake and the adverse effects on food intake, egg production and body-weight noted in previous experiments.3. The CuO had no effect on liver, kidney, ovary, oviduct or gizzard weight per unit body-weight while the CuSO4 decreased these with the exception of gizzard weight which was significantly increased.4. CuO addition did not affect liver Cu concentration but CuSO4 caused a subtantial increase of liver Cu especially at the 750 mg Cu/kg level of addition.5. CuO addition had no effect on liver lipid concentration but this was depressed at the highest level of CuSO4 addition. Effects on individual fatty acids are presented but no specific conclusions have been reached.

Protein appetite is increased after central leptin-induced fat depletion

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (4) ◽  
pp. R1468-R1473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Wiater ◽  
Bryan D. Hudson ◽  
Yvette Virgin ◽  
Sue Ritter
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Macronutrient Selection ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Nadir Point ◽  
And Control

Leptin reduces body fat selectively, sparing body protein. Accordingly, during chronic leptin administration, food intake is suppressed, and body weight is reduced until body fat is depleted. Body weight then stabilizes at this fat-depleted nadir, while food intake returns to normal caloric levels, presumably in defense of energy and nutritional homeostasis. This model of leptin treatment offers the opportunity to examine controls of food intake that are independent of leptin's actions, and provides a window for examining the nature of feeding controls in a “fatless” animal. Here we evaluate macronutrient selection during this fat-depleted phase of leptin treatment. Adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained on standard pelleted rodent chow and given daily lateral ventricular injections of leptin or vehicle solution until body weight reached the nadir point and food intake returned to normal levels. Injections were then continued for 8 days, during which rats self-selected their daily diet from separate sources of carbohydrate, protein, and fat. Macronutrient choice differed profoundly in leptin and control rats. Leptin rats exhibited a dramatic increase in protein intake, whereas controls exhibited a strong carbohydrate preference. Fat intake did not differ between groups at any time during the 8-day test. Despite these dramatic differences in macronutrient selection, total daily caloric intake did not differ between groups except on day 2. Thus controls of food intake related to ongoing metabolic and nutritional requirements may supersede the negative feedback signals related to body fat stores.

scholarly journals Effects of level of dietary copper sulphate and period of feeding on the laying, domestic fowl, with special reference to tissue mineral content

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary H. Stevenson ◽  
N. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Breast Muscle ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Unit Body Weight ◽  
Blood Haemoglobin

1. A cereal-based diet containing 7.6 mg copper/kg was fed ad lib. to laying hens for up to 48 d. Four other groups were given the control diet to which was added hydrated copper sulphate to provide 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg added Cu/kg.2. Hens were killed on day o and after 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 d. Records were kept of body-weight, food consumption, egg production and egg weight.3. After slaughter blood haemoglobin, packed cell volume, serum Cu and aspartate aminotransfferase- (AAT; EC 2.6. I. I) were measured. The liver, kidneys, a sample of breast muscle, oviduct, ovary and gizzard were weighed. Gizzard, spleen. liver and kidney tissue were examined histologically.4. The Cu, zinc and iron concentrations of liver, kidneys and breast muscle and the manganese concentrations of liver and kidneys were determined.5. Body-weight loss occurred at 500–2000mg added Cu/kg diet. Egg production was depressed by level of added Cu and period of time on the Cu-containing diets.6. Mean liver, kidney, oviduct and ovarian weights per unit body-weight were depressed by Cu in the diet and the effect increased with period of time on the diets. Mean gizzard weight per unit body-weight was increased by dietary added Cu and by time.7. Cu concentrations in the liver were increased by dietary level of added Cu and period of timeon the diet. Zn concentration in liver increased at 1000 and 2000 mg added Cu/kg diet and liver Fe concentration was increased at these levels. Histological examination of the gizzard indicated that the Cu content of the gizzard lining increased with dietary added Cu.

scholarly journals Role of SOCS3 in POMC neurons in metabolic and cardiovascular regulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (4) ◽  
pp. R338-R351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Jussara M. do Carmo ◽  
Alexandre A. da Silva ◽  
Kandice C. Bailey ◽  
Nicola Aberdein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Cytokine Signaling ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Air Jet ◽  
And Control

Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) is a negative regulator of leptin signaling. We previously showed that the chronic effects of leptin on blood pressure (BP) and glucose regulation are mediated by stimulation of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. In this study we examined the importance of endogenous SOCS3 in POMC neurons in control of metabolic and cardiovascular function and potential sex differences. Male and female SOCS3flox/flox/POMC-Cre mice in which SOCS3 was selectively deleted in POMC neurons and control SOCS3flox/flox mice were studied during a control diet (CD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) and during chronic leptin infusion. Body weight was lower in male and female SOCS3flox/flox/POMC-Cre than control mice fed the CD, despite similar food intake. Male SOCS3flox/flox/POMC-Cre mice exhibited increased energy expenditure. BP and heart rate were similar in male and female SOCS3flox/flox/POMC-Cre and control mice fed the CD. HFD-fed male and female SOCS3flox/flox/POMC-Cre mice showed attenuated weight gain. HFD-induced elevations in baseline BP and BP responses to an air-jet stress test were greater in female SOCS3flox/flox/POMC-Cre than control mice. Chronic leptin infusion produced similar responses for food intake, body weight, oxygen consumption, blood glucose, BP, and heart rate in all groups. Thus SOCS3 deficiency in POMC neurons influences body weight regulation in the setting of CD and HFD and differentially affects BP and energy balance in a sex-specific manner but does not amplify the dietary, glycemic, or cardiovascular effects of leptin.

Alterations in plasma constituents, growth and egg production traits due to selection in three genotypes of Japanese quail

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Farahat ◽  
B. Y. Mahmoud ◽  
E. M. El-Komy ◽  
E. A. El-Full
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Laying Performance ◽  
Productive Traits ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe present investigation was carried out to estimate the effects of genotype and sex on growth and laying performance and assess the variations in plasma constituents in the tested genotypes and their relations with productive traits after four generations of selection. Data of growth and laying performance on 1440 females and males of Japanese quail were taken from the three quail genotypes: maternal (MG), long shank length (LSG28) and control (CG) genotypes. Genotype significantly affected all studied growth productive traits, favouring selected genotypes. The LSG28surpassed MG in total protein, albumin (Alb), globulin (Glob), triglycerides and Alb/Glob ratio and lowered both cholesterol and total lipids (TL). Sex significantly favoured females, which had higher body weight, longer shank length at 35 days of age and higher body weight gain during the period from 1 to 35 days of age. Females showed significantly higher concentrations of both Alb and TL than males. The MG exceeded LSG28in fertility and hatchability per cent. Correlations for both growth and productive traits with plasma constituents revealed inconsistent trends in either magnitude or direction. Four generations of selection resulted in substantial phenotypic improvements in most growth and productive traits, as well as plasma constituents studied in LSG28, and favoured MG in maturity, days needed to produce the first ten eggs, higher egg production per cent and heavier egg mass.

scholarly journals Effects of withdrawal of copper sulphate from the diet of the mature domestic fowl with special reference to production and tissue mineral content

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary H Stevenson ◽  
N. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Bile Duct ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Blood Haemoglobin

1. Cereal-based diets containing 0, 500, 1000 or 2000 mg added copper/kg were offered ad lib. to laying hens for 8 weeks. All the hens were subsequently offered the control diet (no added Cu, 7.5 mg Cu/kg).2. Hens from each treatment were killed at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after removal of the Cu-supplemented diets. Records were kept of body-weight, food consumption and egg production.3. After slaughter, blood haemoglobin, packed cell volume, serum Cu and aspartate aminotransferase (AAT; EC 2.6.1.1) were assayed. The liver, kidneys, oviduct, ovary, gizzard, caeca and bile duct were weighed.4. Mean Cu, zinc and iron concentration of liver, kidneys and caecal contents were determined.5. The adverse effects of Cu on body-weight, food intake, egg production and liver, oviduct, ovary, gizzard and bile weights were rapidly reversed by removal of added Cu from the diets.6. Greatly enhanced liver Cu concentration resulted from feeding the high-Cu diets but this effect was rapidly reversed on removal of added Cu from the diets. Liver Fe concentration showed a less marked but similar effect.7. The Cu concentration of caecal contents was increased by Cu supplementation and rapidly reduced after withdrawal of the Cu-containing diets.

The effect of dietary copper sulphate on laying performance, nutrient intake and tissue copper and iron levels of the mature, laying, domestic fowl

1977 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
List Type ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Laying Performance ◽  
Blood Haemoglobin ◽  
Liver And Kidney

1.A cereal-based diet containing 16 mg copper/kg was fed ad lib. to a group of laying hens for 35 d. Five other groups were given this control diet to which was added 120, 240, 480, 960 and 1920 mg Cu/kg (as copper sulphate).2.Records were kept of daily food intake, water intake and egg production.3.After 35 d the hens were slaughtered and blood haemoglobin, packed cell volume, Cu and aspartate aminotransferase (EC2.6.1.1) levels assayed. Liver, oviduct, kidney and breast muscle Cu and iron concentrations were measured.4.Food and water intakes were depressed by the two highest levels of dietary Cu and water intake was increased by the diet with 240 mg added Cu/kg. Both food and water intake showed a quadratic relationship with the level of added dietary Cu.5.Body-weight loss was increased by the addition of Cu and showed a significant linear relationship with the concentration of added Cu in the diet. Liver and oviduct weights were depressed at the two highest levels of Cu addition.6.Liver and oviduct Cu and Fe concentrations were significantly increased by high dietary Cu and mean total liver and kidney Cu and Fe showed an increase although for the liver this was not statistically significant.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF AMORPHOPHALLUS MUELLERI BLUME AND MORINGA OLEIFERA L LEAVES ON BODY WEIGHT, FEED INTAKE, AND HEPATIC HISTOPATHOLOGY IN MICE

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
DIAN RATIH LAKSMITAWATI ◽  
UMI MARWATI ◽  
YATI SUMIYATI ◽  
DIAH KARTIKA PRATAMI ◽  
INTAN PERMATA SARI
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Total Food Intake ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
And Control ◽  
Hepatic Histopathology

Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of Amorphophallus muelleri Blume and Moringa oleifera L leaf on body weight, food intake, and hepatic histopathology in mice. Methods: The mice were divided into five groups according to their diet, which includes porang, wheat, porang-moringa, wheat-moringa, and control diet. Each group consists of 5 males and 5 females, which were fed for 28 d, and then analyzed for their body weight, total food intake, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) as well as aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in plasma, and hepatic histopathology. Results: The result showed that the group of porang and porang-moringa has lower body weight and feed intake, which is significantly different compared to the others. Furthermore, an increase was observed on plasma AST/ALT activities in 30% porang and 20% porang-moringa group. Also, one of the mice of porang group has inflammatory cell infiltration (++) on histopathology results. Conclusion: It was therefore concluded that feeding containing porang causes low food consumption. Furthermore, weight loss increases AST/ALT and leukocyte infiltration even though a mouse consistently deteriorates.

scholarly journals TOXIC EFFECTS OF LARGE DOSE OF QUASSIN IN NORMAL AND DEPRIVED MICROFLORA RAT GROUPS

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-83
Author(s):  
Duraid A.Abbas ◽  
O.M.S. Al—Shaha,
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Daily Water Intake ◽  
Control Food ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Control Food Intake ◽  
Intake Water

Eighteen rats were divided into three equal groups. The first group was closed orally with quassin, the second group was dosed with quassin after the gut flora were suppressed by difierent antibiotics, and the third group was served as a control. Food intake, water intake, and change in body weight were measured daily before dosing, during two weeks of dosing, and during one week after stopping dosing. Two eats from each group were killed at the end of each week, and stomach, liver, and kidney were collected for histopathologic examination. The results show a significant decline in daily food intake and daily change in body weight, and a significant increase in daily water intake in both dosed groups during the dosing period. Microscopic lesions were seen in the kidneys of both dosed rats group killed at the end of first and second week

Music Therapy with People Who Have Eating Disorders

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Loth
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Music Therapists ◽  
Psychological Issues ◽  
And Control

This chapter gives an overview of approaches, theoretical ideas, and techniques which music therapists have developed to work with adults and older teenagers who have eating disorders. Eating disorders are complex psychological disorders; the restriction of food intake and control of body weight serve to meet a psychological or emotional need. Music therapy can help people to explore and understand the psychological issues that may have led them to using eating as a way of controlling their feelings and emotions. Methods such as free and structured improvisation, songwriting and listening to pre-composed music can be used to help clients to address specific aspects of eating disorder pathology, such as being able to recognise and tolerate their feelings, connect with others, and make links between thoughts, feelings, and the body. Music therapy can have a significant role within the overall treatment of a person with an eating disorder.

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