scholarly journals The measurement of gastric transit time in obese subjects using 24Na and the effects of energy content and guar gum on gastric emptying and satiety

1980 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Wilmshurst ◽  
J. C. W. Crawley
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Mean Transit Time ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Proximal Small Bowel ◽  
Gastric Emptying Time ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Gastric Transit Time

1. A new method has been used to measure mean gastric transit time.2. This method, based on the absorption of 24Na from the proximal small bowel, is simple, non-invasive and can be used at the bedside.3. The mean transit time was increased by adding guar gum to a test meal.4. There was a significant correlation between mean gastric emptying time and a subjective measure of satiety.

scholarly journals Gastric emptying and orocaecal transit time of meals containing lactulose or inulin in men

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 554-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Clegg ◽  
Amir Shafat
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Breath Test ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Half Time ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Male Volunteers ◽  
Transit Times ◽  
Orocaecal Transit Time

The H2 breath test is ideal for orocaecal transit time (OCTT) measurement, as it is non-invasive and inexpensive. Indigestible substrates added to a test meal are metabolised by the colonic bacteria, resulting in the production of H2 which is detected in end-exhalation breath. However, the substrates themselves can alter the transit times in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of the present study is to compare OCTT and gastric emptying (GE) when lactulose in liquid (L-L), solid lactulose (L-S) and solid inulin (IN-S) are added to a test meal, and subsequently, to examine if inulin alters GE. Firstly, ten male volunteers were tested on three occasions. Volunteers ate a pancake breakfast containing 100 mg of 13C-octanoic acid and either 12 g of L-L, 12 g of L-S or 12 g of IN-S in a randomised order. Secondly, seven male volunteers were tested twice with meals containing either 12 g of IN-S or no substrate (NO-S). L-L induced the shortest OCTT (85·3 (sd 42·8) min) compared with L-S (162·4 (sd 62·6) min) and inulin (292·4 (sd 66·7) min; P = 0·007). GE half-time and lag phase (L-L: 61 (sd 9); L-S: 57 (sd 10); IN-S: 52 (sd 10) min; P = 0·005) were also affected, with L-L being the slowest. Thirdly, inulin reduced GE lag and latency phases (P < 0·05) compared with NO-S. Lactulose accelerates OCTT but delays GE compared with inulin. Inulin accelerates the onset of stomach emptying, but it has no effect on GE half-time. For these reasons, inulin is the preferred substrate for the H2 breath test.

A Simple and Rapid Non-Invasive Radioisotope Method to Determine Ventricular Ejection Fractions and Cardiopulmonary Transit Times

1977 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
A. Ahonen ◽  
J. Kuikka
Keyword(s):  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Mean Transit Time ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Transit Times ◽  
Whole Heart

SummaryEjection fractions and cardiopulmonary transit times were measured in 20 hospital patients by means of intravenously injected 99mTc-radiocardiography. Time activity curves from the regions of the whole heart, superior vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, right lung, left atrium and left ventricle were drawn and analyzed by using the modified gamma function fitting method. The comparison between the ejection fractions determined from the whole heart curves and those from the ventricular curves shows a correlation coefficient of 0.93 for the right ventricle and of 0.90 for the left, although there was a systematic difference between the determinations. The analysis of the single ventricular curves gave about 10 per cent higher values than those obtained from the whole heart curvesThe cardiopulmonary parameters measured from the whole heart curves for 16 normal subjects the following results gave:right ventricular ejection fraction = 0.57 ± 0.08left ventricular ejection fraction = 0.62 ± 0.08pulmonary mean transit time = 6.1 ± 1.1 heart-beatsintracardiac mean transit time = 10.5 ± 1.8 heartbeatsright/left ventricular volume = 1.10 ± 0.09These values agree closely with the data accumulated using more elaborate methods. The method presented here is simple to perform, it is non-invasive, time-saving, inexpensive, easy to analyze and suitable for exercising subjects and for bed-side measurements. Data assembly and analysis are easily automated so that results are obtainable immediately after measurements.

Comparison of methods for analyzing gastric isotope emptying

1982 ◽  
Vol 243 (3) ◽  
pp. G237-G242 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Dugas ◽  
R. R. Schade ◽  
D. Lhotsky ◽  
D. Van Thiel
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Gamma Camera ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Mean Transit Time ◽  
Comparison Of Methods ◽  
Sulfur Colloid ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Linear Regressions ◽  
99Mtc Sulfur Colloid

The gastric emptying of 99mTc-sulfur colloid, ingested in a nutrient liquid test meal, was followed by gamma camera for normals, diabetics, and diabetics receiving intravenous metoclopramide. Gastric emptying patterns of 99mTc by these groups present as normal, slow, and rapid on simple graphic inspection. Half times of indicator emptying were computed from inspection and from least-squares linear regressions of log(base e) residue versus time for the total postpeak curve and for the remainder of the 15-min postpeak curve. In addition, the percent of 99mTc residue leaving at, and the area under, the residue curve until 6, 12, 24, and 60 min postpeak and the indicator mean transit time (MTT) were computed. Standard half-time determinations revealed no significant differences among the three groups, despite obvious visual differences among them. In contrast, the mean transit time of the rapid group was significantly less than that of the slow (P less than 0.01) and normal (P less than 0.05) groups. However, no statistical difference was noted between the slow and the normal emptiers (P greater than 0.1) using the MTT measure. The percent of particles leaving the stomach and the area under the residue curves demonstrated significant differences among the three groups, reflecting the obvious visual perceptions gained from simple curve inspection. Because the percent of indicator particles leaving the stomach region at a given time reflects a single time, it was concluded that the residue area represents the most reliable, objective, and quantifiable parameter for testing of significant differences.

Effect of Guar Gum on the Gastric Transit Time in Mice

Planta Medica ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 50 (01) ◽  
pp. 116-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jukka Gynther ◽  
Aarre Huhtikangas
Keyword(s):  
Transit Time ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Gastric Transit Time

scholarly journals Comparison of gastric emptying time after the ingestion of whisky with isocalorically-adjusted glucose solution

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadashi Okabe ◽  
Hideo Terashima ◽  
Atsuhiro Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sugar Water ◽  
Gastric Emptying Time ◽  
Emptying Time

Abstract Background The gastric emptying of alcoholic beverages remains unclear because the current preoperative fasting guidelines state that clear fluids do not include alcohol, which has led to no information being available on the gastric emptying of alcoholic beverages, and inconsistent findings from previous studies. We demonstrated that liquid gastric emptying mainly depended on energy content, regardless of compositional differences. Therefore, we performed the present study to compare gastric emptying times between whisky mixed with water and sugar water with uniform energy contents and volumes. Methods As a crossover study, 10 healthy male volunteers ingested one of 3 test solutions with a uniform volume of 150 ml, i.e., whisky with water-containing whisky 30 ml (67 kcal), sugar water containing glucose 16.8 g (67 kcal), and water (0 kcal), and the gastric emptying time of each beverage was then assessed by ultrasound measurements of the gastric antral cross-sectional area. Results The gastric emptying pattern of whisky with water was faster than that of isocaloric sugar water, but slower than that of water. Each antral cross-sectional area 20, 30, and 40 min after the ingestion of sugar water was significantly higher than that of whisky with water. Antral cross-sectional areas 10 and 20 min after the ingestion of water were significantly lower than those of whisky with water. Conclusions The results of our study suggested that the gastric emptying time of whisky would be shorter than that of isocaloric glucose solution. Unlike the other beverages, the gastric emptying time of alcohol drinks does not purely depend on the energy content because alcohol itself has no calorie before absorption. The liquid gastric emptying of whisky will theoretically have the similar pattern to that of a calorie-free beverage; however, a slower rate than that of water was observed. Further investigations on the factors contributing to this delay are needed.

scholarly journals Effects of structural and non-structural polysaccharides in the diet of the growing pig on gastric emptying rate and rate of passage of digesta to the terminal ileum and through the total gastrointestinal tract

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. V. Potkins ◽  
T. L. J. Lawrence ◽  
J. R. Thomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Gastric Emptying Rate

Six experiments were made in growing pigs to investigate the effects of substituting bran, oatmeal byproduct, pectin and guar gum for barley on gastric emptying rate, pH and dry matter of digesta and on the dry matter content and rate of passage of digesta to the terminal ileum and overall. Twelve pigs with cannulas sited at the pyloric/fundic junction of the stomach were used to measure gastric emptying. Seventy-two pigs were kept in metabolism cages for the total collection of faeces and nine pigs were fitted with simple cannulas 150 mm cranial to the ileo-caecal junction. For the overall transit measurements the barley was ground through a 4.68 mm screen (C) and for the other studies either through this screen or a 1.56 mm screen (F). Gastric emptying rates were significantly faster for F diets than for C diets, but bran and oatmeal by-product substitutions were without significant effect on this variable or on rate of passage to the terminal ileum. Guar gum and pectin significantly speeded up gastric emptying and transit to the terminal ileum in C diets. Guar gum and pectin did not significantly affect overall transit time, but bran accelerated it. The results are discussed in relation to the depressive effects on nutrient utilization which have been recorded for the four polysaccharides: it is postulated that gastric emptying rate and transit time to the terminal ileum are likely to have a minimal effect on overall transit time.

scholarly journals Effect of guar gum on gastric emptying of test meals of varying energy content in growing pigs

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna L. Rainbird
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Gastric Ph ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose

1. Existing information on whether the action of guar gum in decreasing postprandial blood glucose concentrations is due, at least in part, to a reduced rate of gastric emptying is conflicting, possibly because three types of test meals have been used. In order to test whether the type of test meal used influences the action of guar gum, these three types of meal were compared, either without or with guar gum, in growing pigs. The meals were: a high-energy meal (HEM), a low-energy milky drink (LEMD) and a glucose drink (GD).2. Six pigs were prepared with a simple gastric cannula which allowed complete removal of the stomach contents just before or 0.5, 1, 2 or 4 h after feeding.3. The three types of test meal without guar gum gave rise to very different postprandial profiles of gastric pH and of digesta and dry matter (DM) emptying from the stomach.4. Addition of guar gum to the GD significantly raised gastric pH at 0.5 and 1 h after feeding but, when it was added to HEM, gastric pH was only significantly raised 4 h after feeding. No significant effect on gastric pH was seen when guar gum was added to LEMD.5. Although addition of guar gum to GD had no significant effect on the emptying of digesta from the stomach, when added to HEM the rate of emptying of digesta was significantly reduced 1, 2 and 4 h after feeding. Addition of guar gum to LEMD only significantly increased the amount of digesta remaining in the stomach 2 h after feeding.6. There was no significant effect on the emptying of DM from the stomach when guar gum was added to either HEM or LEMD. However, addition of guar gum to GD significantly reduced the mean rate of emptying of DM 0.5 h after feeding.7. Addition of guar gum to either LEMD or GD had no significant effect on the DM concentration of the evacuated gastric digesta. However, addition of guar gum to HEM significantly lowered the DM concentration of the evacuated gastric digesta 1, 2 and 4 h after feeding.8. It was concluded that differences in test meal composition and also in the methods used to measure gastric emptying could account for the discrepancies previously reported. The results suggest that although guar gum may reduce the rate of gastric emptying under some conditions, this is unlikely to be the only mechanism by which it acts.

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