scholarly journals Effect of zinc deficiency on the weight, cellularity and zinc concentration of different skeletal muscles in the post-weanling rat

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary J. O'Leary ◽  
C. J. McClaln ◽  
P. V. J. Hegarty
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Fibre Loss

Zinc-deficient (ZD), weight-restricted (WR), pair-fed (PF) andad lib.-fed (AL) Sprague-Dawley male rats were killed after feeding the respective Zn-deficient and Zn-supplemented diets from 3 to 8 weeks of age. Animals killed at the start of the experiment served as a baseline control (BC).Four different skeletal muscles – biceps brachii, soleus, plantaris and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) – were studied for changes in weight, the number and diameter of muscle fibres and Zn concentration.The soleus muscle had the highest concentration of Zn. It was the only muscle to reduce its Zn concentration due to Zn deficiency.There was a loss of muscle fibres during normal growth (groups BCv.AL) in the soleus muscle (P< 0.05). The estimated length of muscle and the diameter of the muscle fibres in all four muscles increased significantly (P< 0.001). Therefore postweanling growth appears to occur as a result of longitudinal and transverse increases in the dimensions of these muscles.The reduction in muscle fibre number in ZD rats compared to BC animals may occur within the range of expected fibre loss during normal growth. Fibre loss in ZD rats may be more affected by feeding-pattern-dependent metabolic changes than by a deficiency of Zn per se (groups ZDv.WR). Soleus fibre loss in ZD rats may be related to the high Zn concentration in this muscle.The effect of Zn deficiency per se on muscle fibre diameter may be inaccurately interpreted by comparing the ZD animals with their PF and AL controls. There was no significant difference in fibre diameter in any of the four muscles when ZD and WF rats were compared.

scholarly journals Post-synaptic morphology of mouse neuromuscular junctions is linked to muscle fibre type

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra M. Mech ◽  
Anna-Leigh Brown ◽  
Giampietro Schiavo ◽  
James N. Sleigh
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Fibre Type ◽  
Neuromuscular Junctions ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Neuromuscular Diseases ◽  
Neuronal Morphology ◽  
Muscle Fibre Type ◽  
Muscle Membrane ◽  
Muscle Fibres

AbstractThe neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the highly specialised peripheral synapse formed between lower motor neuron terminals and muscle fibres. Post-synaptic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs), which are found in high density in the muscle membrane, bind to acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft of the NMJ, ultimately facilitating the conversion of motor action potentials to muscle contractions. NMJs have been studied for many years as a general model for synapse formation, development and function, and are known to be early sites of pathological changes in many neuromuscular diseases. However, information is limited on the diversity of NMJs in different muscles, whether muscle fibre type impacts NMJ morphology and growth, and the relevance of these parameters to neuropathology. Here, this crucial gap was addressed using a robust and standardised semi-automated workflow called NMJ-morph to quantify features of pre- and post-synaptic NMJ architecture in an unbiased manner. Five wholemount muscles from wild-type mice were dissected and compared at immature (post-natal day, P7) and early adult (P31-32) timepoints. Post-synaptic AChR morphology was found to be more variable between muscles than that of the motor neuron terminal and there were greater differences in the developing NMJ than at the mature synapse. Post-synaptic architecture, but not neuronal morphology or post-natal synapse growth, correlates with fibre type and is largely independent of muscle fibre diameter. Counter to previous observations, this study indicates that smaller NMJs tend to innervate muscles with higher proportions of fast twitch fibres and that NMJ growth rate is not conserved across all muscles. Furthermore, healthy pre- and post-synaptic NMJ morphological parameters were collected for five anatomically and functionally distinct mouse muscles, generating reference data that will be useful for the future assessment of neuromuscular disease models.Graphical Abstract

Relation between body size and muscle fibre diameter in the newborn lamb

1956 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Joubert
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Muscle Fibre Size ◽  
Fibre Size ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Positive Correlations

1. An investigation is reported in which the relationship was examined between body size and muscle fibre size of nineteen newborn lambs and including twelve males and seven females. Body size was measured in terms of the dead body weight and that of the dressed carcass, while muscle fibre size was estimated on the basis of the mean crossdiameter of 150 fibres per lamb.2. It was shown that the dressing (or carcass) percentage tends to increase with an increase in body weight, from 42·26% at a body weight of 2000 g. to 49·04% at 7000 g.3. Of the 2850 cross-diameters recorded, the majority (33·8%) of the fibres measured between 8·0 and 9·6 μ, while individual fibres varied in size from 1·6 to 22·4 μ.4. Highly significant, positive correlations were shown to exist between both body (r = 0·996) and carcass (r = 0·946) weight, and mean muscle fibre diameter, indicating that differences in size between the lambs may be accounted for largely by corresponding variations in the size of individual muscle fibres.5. Of the three muscles sampled m. gastrocnemius had the largest mean fibre diameter (10·38μ), followed in decreasing order by m. rectus femoris (9·72 μ) and m. longissimus dorsi (9·09 μ). These inter-muscle differences were significant at the 1% level of probability.6. Ram lambs had significantly thicker muscle fibres (10·32 μ) than ewe lambs (8·72 μ), but also weighed the heavier and produced heavier dressed carcasses. Some evidence was produced, however, in support of the theory that at comparable weights males possess thinner individual, and therefore a greater number of fibres than females.

scholarly journals Muskelwachstum und IGF-I bei Schweinen unterschiedlichen Geschlechts*

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 619-628
Author(s):  
S. Biereder ◽  
M. Wicke ◽  
G. von Lengerken ◽  
F. Schneider ◽  
W. Kanitz
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Igf I

Abstract. Title ofthe paper: Growth of skeletal muscle and IGF-I in pigs of different sex IGF-I is a pluripotent factor that is involved in regulation of growth, differentiation and a large number of functions in numerous tissues and their cells. IGF-I is synthesized by hepatocytes (endocrine role) and several extrahepatic tissues (e.g. skeletal muscle; autoerine and paracrine role). In our study, we describe the postnatal growth of the skeletal muscles in pigs of various sex taking into account the possible influence of endogenous IGF-I. The investigation was made on 42 crossbred pigs. Seven blood samples and 4 biopsy samples of two muscles (M. longissimus dorsi and M. triceps brachii) were taken for the determination of IGF-I blood plasma concentration and muscle fibre diameter, respectively as well as for further muscle structural and biochemical traits. IGF-I plasma concentrations show an increase during fattening with significantly highest levels for boars. Phenotypic differences between sows and boars in thickness of Shoulder muscle are proven after the day 181 with ultrasonography because significant differences were detected in mean muscle area of caput longum musculi triceps brachii between sows and boars and barrows (180th day of life). There are no significant differences in mean muscle fibre diameter of both muscles between sexes. A group of animals with high mean diameter in muscle fibres (day 200) of M. triceps brachii has significantly higher IGF-I concentrations in blood plasma than a group of animals with low muscle fibre diameter in the same muscle.

scholarly journals A new framework for analysis of three-dimensional shape and architecture of human skeletal muscles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Bolsterlee
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Systematic Change ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Dimensional Shape ◽  
Three Dimensional Shape ◽  
New Framework ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscles

AbstractA new framework is presented for comprehensive analysis of the three-dimensional shape and architecture of human skeletal muscles from magnetic resonance and diffusion tensor imaging data. The framework comprises three key features: (1) identification of points on the surface of and inside a muscle that have a correspondence to points on and inside another muscle, (2) reconstruction of average muscle shape and average muscle fibre orientations, and (3) utilization of data on between-muscle variation to visualize and make statistical inferences about changes or differences in muscle shape and architecture. The general use of the framework is demonstrated by its application to three datasets. Analysis of data obtained before and after eight weeks of strength training revealed there was little regional variation in hypertrophy of the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis, and no systematic change in pennation angle. Analysis of passive muscle lengthening revealed heterogeneous changes in shape of the medial gastrocnemius, and confirmed the ability of the methods to detect subtle changes in muscle fibre orientation. Analysis of the medial gastrocnemius of children with unilateral cerebral palsy showed that muscles in the more-affected limb were shorter, thinner and less wide than muscles in the less-affected limb, and had slightly more pennate muscle fibres in the central and proximal part of the muscle. Amongst other applications, the framework can be used to explore the mechanics of muscle contraction, investigate adaptations of muscle architecture, build anatomically realistic computational models of skeletal muscles, and compare muscle shape and architecture between species.

Muscle growth and development in normal-sex-ratio and all-female diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon

1999 ◽  
Vol 202 (15) ◽  
pp. 1991-2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Johnston ◽  
G. Strugnell ◽  
M.L. McCracken ◽  
R. Johnstone
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Female Fish ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Triploid Fish

Muscle development and growth were investigated in diploid populations of normal-sex-ratio and all-female Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and their triploid counterparts produced by high-pressure treatment. Somites were formed at the rate of 6 h-1 in both diploids and triploids at 6 degrees C. The rostral-to-caudal development of myotubes, myofibrils and acetylcholinesterase staining at the myosepta was slightly more advanced in triploid than in diploid fish, although the differences were smaller than among individual families. The c-met receptor tyrosine kinase was used as a molecular marker for the satellite cells involved in postembryonic muscle growth. Satellite cell nuclei comprised 17.5 % of total myonuclei in smolts and they were 24 % more abundant in diploid than in triploid fish. Cells expressing the myogenic regulatory factor myf-6, a marker of satellite cells committed to differentiation, represented 14.8 % of total myonuclei in diploids and 12.5 % in triploids. At ambient temperatures, the number of white muscle fibres in normal-sex-ratio fish increased more than 30-fold between the alevin and smolt stages, and approximately 3.5-fold further during the first year of seawater growth. The rate of muscle fibre recruitment in seawater stages was significantly greater in diploid than in triploid fish, reaching 1162 fibres day-1 and 608 fibres day-1, respectively, in all-female groups 800 days post-hatching. For 42 cm fork-length fish, there were approximately one-third more muscle fibres per myotome in diploid than in triploid groups, 649 878 and 413 619, respectively, for all-female fish. The probability density function of muscle fibre diameters in each fish was estimated using non-parametric smoothing techniques, and the mean densities for diploids (fD) and triploids (fT) were calculated. The peak fibre diameter was approximately 20 (micro)m in all age classes, irrespective of ploidy. Distinct bimodal distributions of muscle fibre diameter were evident in all groups 775 days and 839 days post-hatching, reflecting seasonal cycles of fibre recruitment. fD and fT were compared using a non-parametric bootstrap technique and the reference band representing the null-hypothesis indicated that there was no difference with ploidy. Reference bands for normal-sex-ratio fish at 315 days and 470 days indicated that diploids had a higher percentage of smaller-diameter fibres and that triploid distributions had a thicker right-hand tail. Similar differences in fD and fT of muscle fibre diameters were found for all-female fish, although the statistical evidence was less strong. Reference bands indicated differences in the middle range of the distributions of muscle fibre diameter in fish 620–775 days post-hatch, with triploids having a thicker right-hand tail. Thus, a lower density of satellite cells was associated with reduced rates of fibre recruitment but a compensatory increase in muscle fibre hypertrophy in triploid compared with diploid fish.

scholarly journals Effect of a Diet Supplemented with Nettle (Urtica dioica L.) or Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) on the Post-Slaughter Traits and Meat Quality Parameters of Termond White Rabbits

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1566
Author(s):  
Sylwia Ewa Pałka ◽  
Agnieszka Otwinowska-Mindur ◽  
Łukasz Migdał ◽  
Michał Kmiecik ◽  
Dorota Wojtysiak
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Urtica Dioica ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Type I ◽  
Feeding Regime ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum L

The purpose of the study was to analyse the effect of nettle (Urtica dioica L.) leaves and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seeds as additives to fodder in order to improve post-slaughter traits and quality parameters of Termond White rabbit meat (n = 60; 30 , 30 ). Three experimental groups were created. The control group (n = 20; 10 and 10 ) was fed ad libitum feed containing corn, bran, wheat, dried alfalfa, soybean meal, sunflower meal, dicalcium phosphate, calcium carbonate and vitamin-mineral premix. The animals from the first experimental group (n = 20; 10 and 10 ) were fed a complete mixture added with 1% of nettle (Urtica dioica L.) leaves. Rabbits from the second group (n = 20; 10 and 10 ) were fed with a complete mixture added with 1% of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seeds. Rabbits fed with pellets with the addition of nettle were characterized by a higher slaughter weight, higher weight of hot and cold carcasses, lungs, kidneys and head as well as a higher weight of the fore, middle and hind part of the carcass compared to the other two groups. The carcasses of animals fed with fenugreek and nettle had a higher percentage of the fore and hind parts compared to the carcasses of the animals from the control group. The female carcasses were characterized by a significantly higher percentage of the middle part compared to the male carcasses. For most colour measurement traits, the differences depending on the feeding regime were significant. The effect of gender on meat colour was non significant. The effect of feeding regime and of gender on texture traits such as shear force, hardness, springiness, cohesiveness and chewiness were non significant. Feeding had no effect on muscle fibre diameter, but it affected the muscle fibre type I percentage. Thus, the group fed with pellets containing nettle leaves had higher percentage of type I muscle fibres than the control group. The effect of gender on muscle fibre traits was non significant.

scholarly journals The influence of selected factors on the muscle fibre diameter according to the sexual classification of slaughter cattle

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 289-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateřina Němcová ◽  
Jan Šubrt ◽  
Eliška Dračková ◽  
Radek Filipčík
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Slaughter Cattle

The aim of this study was to evaluate the muscle fibre diameter of bulls (n = 136), heifers (n = 38) and steers (n = 18). The influence of age at slaughter, weight at slaughter, net daily weight gain, SEUROP meatiness and SEUROP fatness on the muscle fibre diameter was observed. The group of animals included Czech Red Pied and its crossbreeds (F1) with the specialized meat breeds (Charolais and Galloway), further crossbreeds of hybrid bulls. Bulls were slaughtered at an average age of 587 days and average weight of 610 kg. The average age of heifers was 644 days and average weight at slaughter was 550 kg. The highest average age was that of steers (689 days) and they were fattened to the average weight of 610 kg. The sample of musculus longissimus lumborum et thoracis (m.l.th.) was used for the ana­ly­ses. The results showed that the muscle fibres were stronger in diameter in the negatively selected (culled) heifers (p > 0.01) as compared to the category of bulls and steers. Apart from sex we also analysed the effect of age at slaughter of the individual animal categories on the fibre diameter. We discovered that the diameter of the fibre increased with age. The fibre diameter of bulls of up to 530 days of age was 37.86 µm and at the age of more than 601 days it was 39.81 µm. The diameter of the muscle fibres was also affected by the pre-slaughter weight. At lower weights the fibres of all categories of cattle were finer. Of growth factors affecting the fibre diameter we selected the net weight gain which is the general indicator of the life-long growth intensity and carcass yield. The fibre diameter in bulls and steers increased insignificantly (p > 0.05) with increasing net weight gains. We also analysed the effect of the SEUROP classification of cattle carcasses and discovered a stronger correlation between the dia­me­ter of muscle fibres and meatiness compared to the classification of fatness of the carcasses.

scholarly journals Effect of synbiotic dietary supplementation on histological and histopathological parameters of Pectoralis major muscle of broiler chickens

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 263-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bogucka ◽  
D.M. Ribeiro ◽  
R.P.R. Costa ◽  
M. Bednarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Muscle Fibre Types ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
The Impact

Bioactive substances may constitute an alternative to antibiotics. Probiotics are mixtures of microorganisms that enhance the effectiveness and yield of nutrient absorption by competing for the substrate against pathogens that may cause intestinal infections. Prebiotics are organic substances which include complex carbohydrates and have an influence on the growth and activity of desirable intestinal microflora. Synbiotics are a combination of both of them. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of synbiotics added to commercial feed on Pectoralis major muscle microstructure in broiler chickens. Research material consisted of 240 one-day-old Ross 308 female chicks. Birds were divided into 2 groups, 12 broilers each (replicated 10 times). The control group (C) was fed a commercial diet, and the SYN group was fed the same diet with added synbiotic: 0.8% of prebiotic RFO (raffinose family oligosaccharides) extracted from lupin seeds and 1% of probiotic Lavipan<sup>®</sup>. Birds were slaughtered at day 42. Immediately after slaughter, samples of the Pectoralis major muscle for histological analysis were taken and frozen in liquid nitrogen. The staining procedures performed were: hematoxylin and eosin staining to evaluate fibre diameter and histopathological changes, oil red staining to determine intramuscular fat content, NADH-TR (tetrazolium reductase) activity to distinguish muscle fibre types and alkaline phosphatase reaction for counting the number of capillaries. The tendency to reduced muscle fibre diameter in chickens supplemented with synbiotics indicates an increase in muscle fibre density, which gives meat a more delicate structure. When assessing the occurrence of histopathological changes, significantly more fibre splitting was observed in the control group. Moreover, the positive effect of feed supplementation with synbiotics on muscle microvascularization could have an important practical meaning, because low physical activity of chickens during rearing may lead to ischemic muscles, increased changes in the structure of muscle fibres, and reduction of meat quality.

scholarly journals Accelerometry predicts muscle ultrastructure and flight capabilities in a wild bird

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 (22) ◽  
pp. jeb234104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen M. Lalla ◽  
Shannon Whelan ◽  
Karl Brown ◽  
Allison Patterson ◽  
Ana Gabriela Jimenez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Movement Ecology ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Flight Behaviour ◽  
Muscle Ultrastructure ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Air Speed

ABSTRACTMuscle ultrastructure is closely linked with athletic performance in humans and lab animals, and presumably plays an important role in the movement ecology of wild animals. Movement is critical for wild animals to forage, escape predators and reproduce. However, little evidence directly links muscle condition to locomotion in the wild. We used GPS-accelerometers to examine flight behaviour and muscle biopsies to assess muscle ultrastructure in breeding black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla). Biopsied kittiwakes showed similar reproductive success and subsequent over-winter survival to non-biopsied kittiwakes, suggesting that our study method did not greatly impact foraging ability. Muscle fibre diameter was negatively associated with wing beat frequency, likely because larger muscle fibres facilitate powered flight. The number of nuclei per fibre was positively associated with average air speed, likely because higher power output needed by faster-flying birds required plasticity for muscle fibre recruitment. These results suggest the potential for flight behaviour to predict muscle ultrastructure.

scholarly journals Histological structure of the musculus longissimus lumborum et thoracis in pigs with the same ryanodine receptor genotype (CC) in relation to carcass indicators

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Z. Eliáš ◽  
S. Hluchý ◽  
J. Mlynek
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Meat Weight ◽  
Red Muscle ◽  
Longissimus Lumborum ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
White Muscle Fibre

The aim of this study was to investigate the histological structure of the longissimus muscle in pigs in relation to carcass value indicators. A total number of 16 pigs of about 101.28 kg average live weight were used. The animals were raised at a Fattening and Carcass Value Experimental Station (FCVES) of Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra in equal conditions, receiving a standard diet fortified with vitamin-mineral mixture, and they were slaughtered in an experimental abattoir of FCVES. Samples from the musculus longissimus lumborum et thoracisi (MLLT) for histological evaluation were taken within 30 minutes post mortem, immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at a temperature of &minus;20&deg;C. In the experimental abattoir of FCVES feeding indicators, and indicators of meat quality and carcass value were examined. Samples were processed histochemically and single types of muscle fibres were differentiated according to reactions on SDH on the basis of Vacek&rsquo;s (1974) method. Nikon microscopic system, Pixelink digital camera and LUCIA software for image analyses for the morphometric analysis of MLLT structure were used. The highest abundance of white and the lowest abundance of intermediate muscle fibres was obtained in the analyzed musculus longissimus lumborum et thoracisi of pigs. Red muscle fibre abundance was only slightly higher than intermediate muscle fibre abundance. Concerning the average muscle fibre diameter, the highest values in white and the lowest values in red muscle fibres were found. Positive correlations of white muscle fibre abundance with loin meat weight, thigh meat weight, carcass length, ribcase length, hot right half weight, valuable meatiness parts in kilograms, thigh weight, thigh percent in the half-carcass and MLLT area weight were obtained. In the case of all fat content and weight indicators negative correlations were obtained except loin fat weight. Red muscle fibre content showed positive correlations with shoulder fat weight, neck meat weight, neck fat weight, head weight, thigh fat weight, average backfat thickness and MLLT area. Correlation coefficients between white muscle fibre diameter and shoulder meat weight, thigh meat weight, carcass length, ribcase length showed weak positive correlations. An increase in the white muscle fibre diameter corresponds with an increase in loin meat weight, valuable meatiness parts in kg, valuable meatiness parts in percents, thigh weight, thigh percent in the half-carcass weight and MLLT area. Concerning the red muscle fibre diameter weak positive correlations were obtained in relation to neck meat weight, thigh meat weight, thigh weight and moderate positive correlations to shoulder meat weight, loin meat weight, valuable meatiness parts in kilograms and percents, thigh percent in half-carcass and MLLT area.

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