scholarly journals The effect of giving feeds containing soya-bean meal treated or extracted with ethanol on digestive processes in the prerurninant calf

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Sissons ◽  
R. H. Smith ◽  
D. Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Aqueous Ethanol ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Bean Flour ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Toxic Constituent ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

1. Preruminant calves, fitted with abomasal and re-entrant ileal cannulas, were given, at intervals of 2–3 d by infusion into the absomasum, a series of five single experimental feeds containing heated soyabean flour (product B) as the only protein source. The calves were sensitized in this way to a constituent in the soya beans and by the fifth feed showed a number of digestive disturbances. Further test feeds were then given in which heated soya-bean flour was sometimes replaced by soya-bean products prepared under laboratory or commercial conditions by treating I part fat-free raw soya-bean meal with either I part (product M) or 4 parts (product L) ethanol (750 ml/l) at 78–80° and evaporating the whole mixture to dryness, or by extracting I part meal with 4 parts aqueous ethanol under similar conditions (product K). Products M, L and K were heated with steam and finely ground. Feeds prepared from casein and from commerical ethanol-extracted concentrate (product D) were also examined.2. Measurements were made of transit time through the small intestine, flow rate of ileal digesta, recovery of polyethylene glycol (a water-soluble marker added to the feed) and net nitrogen absorption up to the distal ileum. Compared to feeds based on casein, feeds containing products K, L or M showed some differences in digesta movement and N uptake, but much less disturbance than feeds containing product B. Products prepared by extracting soya-bean meal with ethanol appeared to be slightly superior to those prepared from meal treated with ethanol, but the differences were not significant.3. Weanling rats were used to assess the nutritive value of soya-bean products by an N balance method. Digestibilities (mean 0.948) and biological values (mean 0.860) obtained for products B, D, K and L did not differ significantly.4. Results confirmed that extracting soya-bean meal with hot aqueous ethanol improved its value for calf feeding and indicated that at least part of the effect was due to the destruction of a toxic constituent present in the soya bean which probably acted by inducing a gastrointestinal allergy.

Effects of microwave irradiation on ruminal degradation and in vitro digestibility of soya-bean meal

2005 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Sadeghi ◽  
A. Nikkhah ◽  
P. Shawrang
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

AbstractThis study was carried out to determine ruminal dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) degradation characteristics of untreated, 2-, 4- and 6-min microwave-treated soya-bean meal (SBM) by using nylon bags and sodium dodecyl sulphatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) techniques. Nylon bags of untreated or treated SBM were suspended into the rumen of three Holstein steers from 0 to 48 h, and data were fitted to non-linear degradation characteristics to calculate effective rumen degradation (ERD). There were significant differences (P < 0·05) for DM and CP degradation parameters between untreated and microwave-treated SBM. Microwave treatments decreased the water-soluble fraction and increased the potentially degradable fraction of CP. The degradation rate of the latter fraction decreased with these treatments. As a consequence, microwave treatments decreased (P < 0·05) ERD of CP. From densitometric scanning, SBM proteins were seen to be composed of two major components; β-conglycinin and glycinin, accounting for proportionately 0·30 and 0·40 of buffer-soluble SBM proteins, respectively. Electrophoretic analysis of untreated, 2-, 4- and 6-min microwave-treated SBM protein residues revealed that two of the subunits of β-conglycinin (α -and α) were degraded completely after 2, 4, 24 and 48 h, respectively, whereas the α subunit of this protein was more resistant to degradation. In untreated SBM, the two subunits of glycinin (acidic and basic polypeptides) were degraded in the middle of the incubation period, but in microwave-treated SBM were not degraded until 48 h of incubation. In vitro digestibility of ruminally undegraded CP of untreated and treated SBM increased (P < 0·05) with increases in rumen incubation time from 8 to 24 h. In conclusion, SBM proteins appeared to be effectively protected from ruminal degradation by a 4-min microwave treatment. SDS-PAGE results indicated that ruminally undegraded protein from untreated SBM was mainly composed of the basic subunit of glycinin, whereas that from microwave-treated SBM was composed of β-conglycinin and both basic and acidic subunits of glycinin.

scholarly journals Nutritional evaluation of the germ meal and its protein isolate obtained from the carob seed (Ceratonia siliqua) in the rat

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Drouliscos ◽  
Vastliki Malefaki
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Ceratonia Siliqua ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Net Protein

1. Evaluation of the germ meal (CGM) of carob seed (Ceratonia siliqua) and its protein isolate was carried out with weanling rats. Comparisons were made with casein, soya-bean meal, whole defatted egg and a soya-bean protein isolate (Promine-D) as protein sources. The growth-promoting effects and certain biological indices were evaluated using the protein efficiency ratio (PER), biological value (BV) and net protein utilization (NPU) bioassay procedures.2. The unsupplemented CGM had a PER of 1.66 ± 0.09 and an NPU of 0.58 ± 0.013. Addition of DL-methionine at 4, 8 and 12 g/kg diet resulted in a PER of 1.95 ± 0.11, 2.01 ± 0.11 and 1.90 ± 0.11 respectively. The corresponding BV values were 0.80 ± 0.003, 0.78 ± 0.015 and 0.74 ± 0.011, and those for NPU 0.69 ± 0.013, 0.66 ± 0.026 and 0.63 ± 0.020 respectively. The addition of amino acids improved the PER (2.24–2.59), BV (0.78–0.79) and NPU (0.71–0.73) values.3. The BV and NPU assays for the unsupplemented carob germ isolate were low (BV 0.36 ± 0.016, NPU 0.35 ± 0.015). Supplementation with amino acids resulted in a positive increase with values of 0.66 ± 0.013 and 0.64 ± 0.013 for BV and NPU respectively.

scholarly journals Nutritive value of wet distillers' solubles for pigs

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Jarmo Valaja ◽  
Matti Näsi
Keyword(s):  
Protein Level ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Cyclic Change ◽  
N Metabolism ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

Digestibility and nitrogen (N) metabolism were studied to evaluate the nutritive value of wet barley distillers’ solubles (DSB) from an integrated starch-ethanol process for pigs. Eight castrated male pigs (live weight 72-103 kg) were used in a 8 x 3 cyclic change-over design, where the diets were arranged factorially 2x2. The corresponding factors were the protein source (DSB or soya bean meal (SBM)) and the protein level (131 or 162 g crude protein (CP)/kg dry matter (DM)). Faeces and urine were collected in total. The four diets comprised barley, barley starch, minerals and vitamins with either DSB or SBM as the main source of protein. The digestibility of CP(p

Evaluation of the nutritive value of single-cell protein (Pruteen) for lactating dairy cows

1986 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 593-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Teller ◽  
J.-M. Godeau
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

SummaryTwo experiments were conducted with four lactating cows in a latin-square design. The rations were composed mainly of maize silage plus concentrates, supplemented with urea, Pruteen, or soya-bean meal supplying 25% of total dietary N. Nitrogen and energy balances were measured, and milk production recorded.Dry-matter digestibility, intake of metabolizable energy (ME) and ME concentration in dietary dry matter were not significantly altered when Pruteen was substituted for soya-bean meal. However, mean nitrogen digestibility for all the treatments was significantly lower than expected from published relationships.The substitution of Pruteen for soya-bean meal did not significantly affect the nitrogen balance of the animals or milk production, but the latter tended to be higher than that recorded with urea.The responses to the different N supplements are discussed in relation to the feeding systems of the Agricultural Research Council and the French Protéines Digestibles dans l'lntestin Grêle, and are compared with predictions made from statistical relationships developed in our laboratory.

Nutrition of the bacon pig XVI. The relative supplemental value of the proteins in extracted soya-bean meal and in white-fish meal

1952 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Protein Concentrates ◽  
Vegetable Proteins ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

In continuation of our work on the relative supplemental value of animal and vegetable protein concentrates (Woodman & Evans, 1951), a study has been made of the proteins in extracted soya-bean meal. It is probable that vegetable protein concentrates may vary among themselves in nutritive value and that the proteins of ground-nut meal, which were the subject of investigation in our previous experiments, could not for this reason be regarded as representative of vegetable proteins in general. The same basal diet, composed of roughly 2 parts of barley meal and 1 part of fine bran, together with a little lucerne meal and minerals, was again used in the present investigation.

Effect of type of basal diet and rate of inclusion on the evaluation of protein concentrates with rabbits

1991 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria J. Villamide ◽  
Maria J. Fraga ◽  
C. de Blas
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Protein Concentrates ◽  
Substitution Level ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

ABSTRACTOne hundred and eight New Zealand × Californian growing rabbits (nine per diet) were used to determine the nutritive value (digestible energy (DE), digestible protein (DCP) and digestible acid-detergent fibre (DADF)) of five protein concentrates. In assay 1, the effect of the type of basal diet (BD) (7·6 or 10·0 MJ DE per kg dry matter (DM) for BD1 and BD2 respectively) and the substitution level (150, 300 and 450 g/kg) on nutritive value of soya-bean meal was studied. According to the results of assay 1, one basal diet (BD2) and one substitution level (300 g/kg for sunflower 380, gluten meal and extruded soya-bean meal or 500 g/kg for sunflower 320) were selected in assay 2 to determine their nutritive value.The effect of the basal diet and the substitution level on the nutritive value of soya-bean meal was evident only for the values calculated from BD1 and the lowest level of inclusion. The data obtained by difference at the highest level of inclusion and by extrapolating the linear equations were very similar (16·32 v. 16·35 MJ DE and 387·62 v. 388.58 g DCP per kg DM for BD2), but the standard errors were lower (0·52 v. 0·72 for DE and 6.76 v. 8.95 for DCP) in the former. The DE values obtained for sunflower meal 320 and 380, extruded soya-bean and gluten meal were 10·29, 14·37, 18·58 and 20·57 MJ/kg DM respectively; protein digestibilities were high (with coefficients from 0·80 to 0·90) except in the case of sunflower-320 (0·73). A stepwise regression analysis was made to predict the nutritive value from chemical composition including values from literature. For prediction of DE, the variables selected were: crude fibre, ether extract and ash, obtaining a determination coefficient of 0·935. The protein digestibility was independent of variables employed.

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