scholarly journals The measurement of food iron absorption in man

1979 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Hallberg ◽  
E. Björn-Rasmussen ◽  
L. Rossander ◽  
R. Suwanik
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Long Run ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Ferrous Ascorbate ◽  
Careful Instruction ◽  
The Mean

1. The present study was considered as a first step to develop a method to measure food iron absorption from realistic common meals prepared and consumed by the subjects themselves in their own homes. The absorption of Fe from the meals was measured by means of the extrinsic-tag method modified to allow for a free choice of food items.2. The mean Fe intake was 2.79 mg and the mean Fe absorption approximately 0.30 mg. The Fe status of the subjects corresponded to 31.5% absorption from a reference dose solution containing 3 mg elemental Fe as ferrous ascorbate. The variation in food Fe absorption obtained in this field study was found to be of the same magnitude as that obtained in studies performed under more controlled conditions as in the laboratory.3. The conclusion was drawn that the proposed method could be used in realistic field studies aimed at, for example, explaining or preventing a high prevalence of deficiency. A sufficiently long run-in period and a careful instruction of the subjects was considered essential for the design of future field studies.

scholarly journals Absorption of iron from maize (Zea maysL.) and soya beans (Glycine hispidaMax.) in Jamaican infants

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Ashworth ◽  
P. F. Milner ◽  
J. C. Waterlow ◽  
R. B. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Ferrous Ascorbate ◽  
Body Counting ◽  
Maize Meal ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Whole Body Counting ◽  
Apparently Healthy

1. The absorption of iron from59Fe-labelled maize and soya-bean preparations was measured by whole-body counting in forty-two apparently healthy Jamaican infants and compared with the absorption of ferrous ascorbate.2. The mean absorption of Fe from maize was 4·3% and from soya beans baked at 300°, 9·4%, compared with 28·5% for ferrous ascorbate. In a group of children given boiled soya beans the mean absorption of Fe was 2·8%, and of ferrous ascorbate 16·7%.3. There was much variability between replicate tests made on the same child at intervals of 1–2 weeks.4. The absorption of food Fe was not increased in children who were considered to be anaemic (haemoglobin less than 100 g/l) or Fe-deficient (serum Fe less than 500 μg/l and saturation of total Fe-binding capacity less than 15%).5. The poor availability of Fe in maize meal, which is a staple food of children in Jamaica, is probably an important cause of the high prevalence of Fe-deficiency anaemia.

Role of hydrochloric acid in iron absorption

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Jacobs ◽  
Thomas Bothwell ◽  
Robert W. Charlton
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Pernicious Anemia ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Gastric Ph ◽  
Ferrous Ascorbate ◽  
Isotope Technique ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Double Isotope

The absorption of 5 mg iron administered in 300 ml water was compared with absorption from 300 ml 0.05 n HCL in 24 subjects with histamine-fast achlorhydria, using a double isotope technique. In ten individuals given ferric chloride the mean absorptions were 2.2% with water and 9.2% in acid; the difference was less marked in the case of the seven subjects to whom ferrous ascorbate was administered (10.9% and 19.3%, respectively). In contrast, acid did not increase the absorption of hemoglobin iron, the mean figures being 13.4% with water and 9.6% with HCL. pernicious anemia; achlorhydria; gastric pH Fe55 and Fe59; radioactive hemoglobin iron Submitted on June 17, 1963

Features of Thrombi and Diagnostic Accuracy of Impedance Plethysmography in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Deep Vein Thrombosis

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (02) ◽  
pp. 266-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Agnelli ◽  
Benilde Cosmi ◽  
Stefano Radicchia ◽  
Franca Veschi ◽  
Enrico Boschetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Impedance Plethysmography ◽  
Surveillance Programme ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Deep Vein

SummaryImpedance plethysmography (IPG) has high sensitivity and specificity in patients with symptomatic deep vein thrombosis (DVT) while it fails to detect asymptomatic DVT. The aim of this study was to determine whether the features of thrombi such as location, size and occlusiveness could explain the different accuracy of IPG in symptomatic and asymptomatic DVT patients. One-hundred and seventeen consecutive outpatients with a clinical suspicion of DVT and 246 consecutive patients undergoing hip surgery were admitted to the study. In symptomatic patients IPG was performed on the day of referral, followed by venography, while in asymptomatic patients IPG was performed as a surveillance programme, followed by bilateral venography.A venography proved DVT was observed in 37% of the symptomatic patients and 34% of the asymptomatic limbs. A significantly higher proportion of proximal DVTs was found in symptomatic patients than in asymptomatic patients (78% vs 46%; p = 0.001). The mean Marder score, taken as an index of thrombus size, was significantly higher in symptomatic patients than in asymptomatic patients (19.0 vs 9.6; p = 0.0001). A significantly higher proportion of occlusive DVTs was observed in symptomatic than in asymptomatic patients (69% vs 36%; p = 0.001).We conclude that the unsatisfactory diagnostic accuracy of IPG in asymptomatic DVT is due to the high prevalence of distal, small and non occlusive thrombi. Such thrombi are unlikely to cause a critical obstruction of the venous outflow and therefore to produce a positive IPG.

Prevalence of Self-Medication and Its Factors among University Students in Bandar Abbas City

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atefeh Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Consumption Culture ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Bandar Abbas

Background: Self-medication can lead to the latency of the real severity of disease, delay in diagnosis, a complication of treatment, threatening side effects, and unexpected intoxication. The present research aimed to explore the prevalence of self-medication and its factors among students affiliated to Bandar Abbas universities in 2016. Materials and Methods: This Descriptive Analytic study was performed on 600 students affiliated to the universities in Bandar Abbas; Islamic Azad University, Payam-e-Noor University, and University of Medical Sciences. The sample was selected through a stratified sampling method, and the data were collected by a questionnaire comprised of two parts, demographic information (6 items), and risk factors of self-medication and self-medicated drugs (26 items). SPSS version 19 was used to analyze the data through the required tests. Result: The mean age of the students was 24.11±5.85 years. One hundred and ninety-one subjects (31.8%) were male, and 409 (68.2%) were female. The results revealed the prevalence of self-medication in the target population was 80.2%., the main reasons for self-medication were reported underestimating the disease 461(77.0%), previous experience of the disease 457(76.4%), repeated prescription 441(73.6%), and easy access to drug 423(70.6%). The most prevalent drugs self-medicated by students were acetaminophen, herbal medicines, antibiotics, other drugs, sedatives, and anti-acids, respectively. Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of self-medication (80.2%) revealed in this research, there is a need for more attentive care for consistent education and drug consumption culture promotion. Specific approaches can help the provision of easy access to medical services in universities.

Effects of Trust and Threat Messaging on Academic Cheating: A Field Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 095679762097751
Author(s):  
Li Zhao ◽  
Jiaxin Zheng ◽  
Haiying Mao ◽  
Xinyi Yu ◽  
Jiacheng Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Academic Integrity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Academic Cheating ◽  
College Classrooms

Morality-based interventions designed to promote academic integrity are being used by educational institutions around the world. Although many such approaches have a strong theoretical foundation and are supported by laboratory-based evidence, they often have not been subjected to rigorous empirical evaluation in real-world contexts. In a naturalistic field study ( N = 296), we evaluated a recent research-inspired classroom innovation in which students are told, just prior to taking an unproctored exam, that they are trusted to act with integrity. Four university classes were assigned to a proctored exam or one of three types of unproctored exam. Students who took unproctored exams cheated significantly more, which suggests that it may be premature to implement this approach in college classrooms. These findings point to the importance of conducting ecologically valid and well-controlled field studies that translate psychological theory into practice when introducing large-scale educational reforms.

High prevalence of heterotopic ossification after cervical disc arthroplasty: outcome and intraoperative findings following explantation of 22 cervical disc prostheses

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Brenke ◽  
Johann Scharf ◽  
Kirsten Schmieder ◽  
Martin Barth
Keyword(s):  
Neck Disability Index ◽  
Adjacent Segment Degeneration ◽  
Cervical Disc ◽  
Cervical Disc Arthroplasty ◽  
Adjacent Segment ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Osteophyte Formation ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Neck Disability

Object Cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) has been increasingly used for the treatment of cervical disc herniations. However, the impact of CDA on adjacent-segment degeneration and the degree of heterotopic ossification (HO) of the treated segment remain a subject of controversy. Due to a product failure of the Galileo-type disc prosthesis, 22 of these devices were explanted. The radiological and clinical course in each case was investigated in detail with an emphasis on the incidence of HO and facet joint degeneration 18 months following the operation. Intraoperative findings regarding ossification and implant fixation were documented. Thus, the authors were able to describe the true rate of adjacent-segment degeneration and HO following CDA and the clinical relevance thereof. Methods In all 22 patients, functional radiographic imaging was performed prior to surgery, 3 and 12 months after surgery, and prior to disc prosthesis explantation. At all time points, the range of motion (ROM) in the operated and adjacent segments was determined. A motion index was calculated using the preoperative and all postoperative ROMs (preoperative ROM/postoperative ROM). Computed tomography was used preoperatively to measure the height of the index segment, extent of HO, and the degree of the progression of facet arthrosis, and was used postoperatively prior to prosthesis explantation. Patients completed clinical questionnaires that included a visual analog scale and the Neck Disability Index. Results The motion index of the index segment declined gradually from 1.4 at 3 months postoperative to 1.2 prior to explantation, while the motion index of the adjacent upper segment increased from 0.9 to 1.3. The mean ROM of the index segment was 10.4° ± 6.7°, and fusion was observed in 2 (9%) of the 22 patients. Prosthesis migration was present in 3 patients (13.6%). Severe HO (Grades 3 and 4) was present in 17.4%. Computed tomography showed a significant increase of segmental height of the index segment (1.6 ± 1.1 mm, p = 0.035), and a significant increase of left-sided lateral osteophytes (1.7 ± 2.1 mm, p = 0.009). The incidence of severe osteophyte formation (> 2 mm) occurred in 40%. Intraoperative findings reflected the results from CT, with primary lateral proliferation of osteophytes found in approximately 25% of patients. The mean visual analog scale scores were 3.8 ± 2.7 (neck) and 2.4 ± 2.5 (arms), and the mean Neck Disability Index score was 30 ± 22. No correlation was found between radiological and clinical parameters. Conclusions In this study, a higher incidence of HO after CDA could be demonstrated using CT, compared with studies using fluoroscopy only. However, patient selection and/or the operative technique might have contributed to the high prevalence of osteophyte formation. Thus, the exact indication for CDA has to be reconsidered. Because implant migration was detected, using fixation in the present CDA model appears suboptimal.

Justice and Inclusion Mutually Cause Each Other

2021 ◽  
pp. 194855062110297
Author(s):  
Chris C. Martin ◽  
Michael J. Zyphur
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Social Exchanges ◽  
Panel Models ◽  
Reciprocal Influence ◽  
Entrepreneurial Teams ◽  
Overall Justice ◽  
Random Intercept ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Robustness Check

Justice should increase inclusion because just treatment conveys acceptance and enables social exchanges that build cohesion. Inclusion should increase justice because people can use inclusion as a convenient fairness cue. Prior research touches on these causal associations but relies on a thin conception of inclusion and neglects within-person effects. We analyze whether justice causes inclusion at the within-person level. Five waves of data were gathered from 235 college students in 38 entrepreneurial teams. Teams were similar in size, work experience, deadlines, and goals. General cross-lagged panel models indicated that justice and inclusion had a reciprocal influence on each other. A robustness check with random-intercept cross-lagged models supported the results. In the long run, reversion to the mean occurred after an effect decayed, suggesting that virtuous or vicious cycles are unlikely. The results imply that maintaining overall justice at the peer-to-peer level may lead to inclusion.

The effect of sickle cell anemia on the linear growth of Nigerian children

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugo Nnenna Chikani ◽  
Adaobi Bisi-Onyemaechi ◽  
Ijeoma Ohuche ◽  
Justus Onu ◽  
Shalewa Ugege ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Growth Failure ◽  
Age At Diagnosis ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract Objectives Despite the high prevalence of children with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) in West Africa, there is paucity of data on the height velocity and prevalence of growth failure in SCA patients. With advances in clinical care of SCA patients, could there be a spatial and secular trend in the growth pattern of these children? Hence, the compelling needs to embark on this study. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of growth failure among patients with SCA and its correlation with age, gender and age at diagnosis. Methods A Prospective longitudinal study of a cohort of sickle cell anaemic paediatric patients from Pediatrics SCA Clinic, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku Ozalla. Patients were enrolled over a period of two years using a non-parametric convenient sampling method. Their heights were measured at baseline, three months, six months and at 12 months intervals and subsequently plotted on a standard WHO growth chart. The height velocities at different monthly intervals were calculated and compared with the WHO standard normal linear growth rates) for children (used as control) to identify those with GF. (i.e. <10th percentile). The main outcome measures were the mean height velocities at different months' intervals calculated and compared using the repeated measurement analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Wilcoxon signed test. Results A cohort of 316 children aged 1–18 years with SCA was evaluated with a male preponderance of 161 (57.4%). The mean age and age at diagnosis were 11.04 ± 5.56 and 4.2 ± 1.7 years, respectively. The prevalence of growth failure and short stature was 84.7%. The burden of GF was highest among post-pubertal participants (94.1%). The most important predictor of growth velocity deficit was age (R2=0.045, standard β coefficient = −0.22, t=−03.51, p=0.001). Conclusions The study demonstrated high prevalence of growth failure in children and adolescents with SCA which intensified with advancement in age and older age at diagnosis.

scholarly journals Sleep patterns and symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with chronic pain

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha M.C. Castro ◽  
Carla Daltro
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Myofascial Pain ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Mean

BACKGROUND: Sleep disturbances and symptoms of anxiety and depression have been shown to be involved in the genesis and perpetuation of chronic pain. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate sleep patterns and the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with chronic pain. METHOD: Four hundred consecutive patients referred to a chronic pain outpatient clinic were investigated using patient charts, the numerical Visual Analogue Scale for the evaluation of pain, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale and the Mini-Sleep Questionnaire. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 45.6±11.4 years. The most frequent medical diagnosis was myofascial pain followed by neuropathic pain. The prevalence of symptoms of anxiety was 72.8%, depression 93% and altered sleep patterns 93%. CONCLUSION: This study revealed a high prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety and alterations in sleep patterns in patients with chronic pain, justifying investigation into these disturbances in this group of patients.

scholarly journals Hearing symptoms personal stereos

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Borja ◽  
Tiara da Luz
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Inverse Relation ◽  
Observational Prospective Study ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Long Run ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The City ◽  
Exposition Time

Summary Introduction: Practical and portable the personal stereos if had become almost indispensable accessories in the day the day. Studies disclose that the portable players of music can cause auditory damages in the long run for who hear music in high volume for a drawn out time. Objective: to verify the prevalence of auditory symptoms in users of amplified players and to know its habits of use Method: Observational prospective study of transversal cut carried through in three institutions of education of the city of Salvador BA, being two of public net and one of the private net. 400 students had answered to the questionnaire, of both the sex, between 14 and 30 years that had related the habit to use personal stereos. Results: The symptoms most prevalent had been hyperacusis (43.5%), auricular fullness (30.5%) and humming (27.5), being that the humming is the symptom most present in the population youngest. How much to the daily habits: 62.3% frequent use, 57% in raised intensities, 34% in drawn out periods. An inverse relation between exposition time was verified and the band of age (p = 0,000) and direct with the prevalence of the humming. Conclusion: Although to admit to have knowledge on the damages that the exposition the sound of high intensity can cause the hearing, the daily habits of the young evidence the inadequate use of the portable stereos characterized by long periods of exposition, raised intensities, frequent use and preference for the insertion phones. The high prevalence of symptoms after the use suggests a bigger risk for the hearing of these young.

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