scholarly journals The effects of folic acid supplementation during pregnancy in the rat

1978 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. G. Morgan ◽  
M. Winick
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Products Of Conception ◽  
Group A ◽  
Nucleic Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Rate Limiting

1. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly assigned to three groups (groups A, B, C). Group A was given a folic acid-free diet and groups B and C received 0.0018 g folic acid/kg diet. Rats in group C were also given a supplement of 1 mg folic acid/d by intraperitoneal injection.2. After 14 d of feeding the rats were mated. The diets were continued throughout gestation. On day 21, of gestation the dams were killed and their livers and products of conception assayed for RNA, DNA, protein and tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase; EC1.5.1.3) activity.3. The foetuses, placentas and livers from supplemented rats (group C) were significantly larger than those from groups A and B and had a higher content of RNA, DNA and protein. Those tissues from group A dams were smaller than those from the other groups and had a correspondingly reduced nucleic acid and protein content.4. The activity of tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, the first and rate-limiting enzyme in the metabolism of folate, was increased in the folate supplemented rats (group C) and reduced in the rats given a folic acid-free diet (group A). These changes in enzyme activity could explain the differences in nucleic acid biosynthesis and growth shown by the different groups.

scholarly journals The effect of nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan scaffolds on rat calvarial defects for bone regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanouil Chatzipetros ◽  
Spyros Damaskos ◽  
Konstantinos I. Tosios ◽  
Panos Christopoulos ◽  
Catherine Donta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Parietal Bone ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background This study aims at determining the biological effect of 75/25 w/w nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (nHAp/CS) scaffolds on bone regeneration, in terms of fraction of bone regeneration (FBR), total number of osteocytes (Ost), and osteocyte cell density (CD), as well as its biodegradability. Methods Two critical-size defects (CSDs) were bilaterally trephined in the parietal bone of 36 adult Sprague-Dawley rats (18 males and 18 females); the left remained empty (group A), while the right CSD was filled with nHAp/CS scaffold (group B). Two female rats died postoperatively. Twelve, 11, and 11 rats were euthanized at 2, 4, and 8 weeks post-surgery, respectively. Subsequently, 34 specimens were resected containing both CSDs. Histological and histomorphometric analyses were performed to determine the FBR, calculated as [the sum of areas of newly formed bone in lateral and central regions of interest (ROIs)]/area of the original defect, as well as the Ost and the CD (Ost/mm2) in each ROI of both groups (A and B). Moreover, biodegradability of the nHAp/CS scaffolds was estimated via the surface area of the biomaterial (BmA) in the 2nd, 4th, and 8th week post-surgery. Results The FBR of group B increased significantly from 2nd to 8th week compared to group A (P = 0.009). Both the mean CD and the mean Ost values of group B increased compared to group A (P = 0.004 and P < 0.05 respectively). Moreover, the mean value of BmA decreased from 2nd to 8th week (P = 0.001). Conclusions Based on histological and histomorphometric results, we support that 75/25 w/w nHAp/CS scaffolds provide an effective space for new bone formation.

scholarly journals Folic Acid Affects Iron Status in Female Rats with Deficiency of These Micronutrients

2019 ◽  
Vol 195 (2) ◽  
pp. 551-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Suliburska ◽  
Katarzyna Skrypnik ◽  
Agata Chmurzyńska
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Iron And Folic Acid

Abstract Although simultaneous supplementation with iron and folic acid is justified, the potential interactions between these micronutrients are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of oral iron and folic acid, administered together or separately, on iron concentration in tissues in rats with a deficiency of both these micronutrients. In the first stage of the experiment (28 days), 150 8-week-old female Wistar rats were randomly assigned to a control group (C; n = 30) fed the standard diet and to a study group (n = 120) fed a diet deficit in iron and folate. The study group was then randomly divided to four groups: D group fed a deficit diet, FE group fed a deficit diet with iron gluconate, the FOL group fed a deficit diet with folate acid, and the FEFOL group fed a deficit diet with iron gluconate and folate acid. After 2, 10, and 21 days of supplementation, ten animals from each group were killed. Morphological parameters were measured in whole blood. Iron concentration was assayed in serum, liver, spleen, pancreas, heart, and kidneys. Folic acid supplementation more significantly decreased iron concentrations in the pancreas and spleen than in the D group after 10 and 21 days of supplementation. Moreover, the combination of iron with folic acid markedly decreased iron levels in the liver and spleen, in comparison with iron alone, after 10 and 21 days of the experiment. In conclusion, folic acid affects iron status in female rats deficient in these micronutrients in moderate and long-term supplementation.

scholarly journals The Effect of a Mediterranean Meal on Sprague Dawley Rats DMBA-Induced Mammary Tumors

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. CGM.S5894
Author(s):  
Paula C. Pereira ◽  
A. Filipa Vicente ◽  
Maria F. Mesquita ◽  
Antonio S. Cabrita
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Total Cancer ◽  
Group A ◽  
Histopathologic Analysis ◽  
Group B

The present study intents to find a possible protective role of a Mediterranean type meal on mammary carcinogenesis. Several factors have been associated with breast cancer risk, genetics and environment are the most pointed out in epidemiologic and experimental studies. Diet is an environmental factor that can promote or prevent disease, being responsible for almost 35% of total cancer cases. A total of 72 female rats 50 days old were randomly divided in three groups of 24 rats and housed 4 in each plastic cage in a holding room under constant conditions of 22 ± 2 °C, 55 ± 10% humidity and a 12 h light/dark cycle. All the animals were submitted to the administration of 20 mg of 7, 12 dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) in olive oil, by gavages, except group A. The same defined standard food was provided for all the animals in group A and B, supplemented with a Mediterranean meal in group C. All the animals were sacrificed by the end of 150 days. Total carcinoma number did not differ significantly between Groups B and C and there were not found any neoplastic lesions in Group A. Most tumors showed a mixed architectural pattern, with cribriform and papillary areas, comedocarcinoma and necrosis was only seen in Group B. Histopathologic analysis showed that Group C tumors had lower mitotic activity and Pattern Grades, but higher Nuclear Grades. Mediterranean diet type meal showed lower Pattern Grades and lower Mitotic count in spite of that a higher nuclear pleomorphism was also found. Even so, tumors from Group C were better differentiated which can indicate lower malignancy.

scholarly journals The Protective Effect of Testosterone on Indomethacin Induced Gastric Ulcer in Female Sprague Dawley Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
U. Akpamu ◽  
H. O. Otamere ◽  
I. O. Ernest-Nwoke ◽  
C. N. Ekhator ◽  
U. C. Osifo
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Standard Laboratory ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Gastric Mucus ◽  
Ulcer Index ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Gastric ulcer has shown association with changes in sex hormones, with impact exacerbated in males. Also, males are known to be more exposed to ulcer risk factors. This study investigates the effect of testosterone on indomethacin induced gastric ulcers in adult female rats. Eighteen female rats (225 ± 25 g body weight) were randomly assigned to 3 groups under standard laboratory condition. After acclimatization, animals fasted for 40 hrs but were given water ad libitum. Group A served as control while group B served as the ulcer control, in which ulcer was induced without treatment using indomethacin (40 mg/kg single orally dose). Group C was pretreated with testosterone (1 mg/kg IM) eight hours before ulcer induction. Eight hours after ulcer induction, animals were sacrificed and the stomach was harvested for analysis. Results showed a significant reduction in mucus content in groups C (0.79±0.11 g) and B (0.87±0.02 g) compared to A (1.11±0.03 g). Gastric mucus pH was significantly acidic in group B (4.40±0.55) compared to C (5.20±0.45) and A (5.80±0.45). There was a significantly higher ulcer index in group B (4.60±0.55 mm) compared to C (3.60±0.89 mm) and testosterone pretreatment resulted in a 21.74% ulcer inhibition. Although weak, the findings suggest that testosterone might protect the gastric mucosa against NSAIDs in females.

Docosahexaenoic Acid at 0.4% of Dietary Weight Enhances Lean Mass in Young Female Sprague-Dawley Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Farahnak ◽  
Julia Lévy-Ndejuru ◽  
Paula Lavery ◽  
Hope A Weiler
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

ABSTRACT Background Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n–3) is an n–3 (ω-3) fatty acid known for beneficial effects on body composition. Objective The objective of the study was to test the dose response of lean and fat mass to DHA in healthy growing female rats. Methods Female Sprague-Dawley rats (7 wk at baseline; n = 12/diet) were randomly assigned to receive a control (AIN-93M; 60 g soybean oil/kg diet) or experimental diet for 10 wk. Experimental diets contained 0.1%, 0.4%, 0.8%, or 1.2% DHA (wt:wt of total diet). Imaging for whole-body and abdominal composition was conducted using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and microcomputed tomography, respectively, at weeks 0, 5, and 10. Fatty acid profiles of several tissues were analyzed using gas chromatography. Serum leptin, C-reactive protein, and plasma insulin-like growth factor I concentrations were measured at each time point using immunoassays. Data were tested using Pearson's correlations and mixed-model ANOVA. Results No differences were observed in weight at baseline or food intake throughout the study. Overall, a 6% increase (P < 0.05) in whole-body and abdominal lean mass was observed in the 0.4%-DHA diet group compared with the control diet group. Moreover, the abdominal visceral fat mass was 31.4% lower in rats in the 0.4%-DHA than in the 1.2%-DHA diet group (P < 0.001). Rats in the 1.2%-DHA diet group showed greater percent differences in whole-body (32.5% and 40.6% higher) and in abdominal (33.9% and 49.4% higher) fat mass relative to the 0.1%- and 0.4%-DHA diet groups, respectively (P < 0.01). Accordingly, serum leptin concentration was lower in the 0.1%-DHA (38.2%) and 0.4%-DHA (43.8%) diet groups (P < 0.01) than in the 1.2%-DHA diet group and positively related to whole-body fat mass (r = 0.91, P < 0.0001). Conclusion Dietary DHA at 0.4% of dietary weight effectively enhances lean mass and proportionally reduces fat mass in growing female rats.

Folic Acid Supplementation in the Gestational Phase of Female Rats Improves Age-Related Memory Impairment and Neuroinflammation in Their Adult and Aged Offspring

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Lima Garcez ◽  
Francielle Mina ◽  
Tatiani Bellettini-Santos ◽  
Fernanda Melo Ribeiro ◽  
Alessandra Zanette Ghisi Frassetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Natural Aging ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Maternal Supplementation

Abstract Folic acid (FA) supplementation is important during pregnancy to avoid malformations in the offspring. However, it is unknown if it can affect the offspring throughout their lives. To evaluate the offspring, female mother rats (dams) were separated into 5 groups: Four groups received the AIN-93 diet, divided into control and FA (5, 10, and 50 mg/kg), and an additional group received a FA-deficient diet, and the diet was performed during pregnancy and lactation. We evaluated the female offspring of these dams (at 2 and 18 months old). The aged offspring fed with FA-deficient diet presented habituation, spatial and aversive memory impairment and the FA maternal supplementation prevented this. The natural aging caused an increase in the TNF-α and IL-1β levels in the hippocampus from 18-month-old offspring. FA maternal supplementation was able to prevent the increase of these cytokines. IL-4 levels decreased in the prefrontal cortex from aged control rats and FA prevented it. FA deficiency decreased the levels of IL-4 in the hippocampus of the young offspring. In addition, natural aging and FA deficiency decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in the hippocampus and nerve growth factor levels in the prefrontal cortex and FA supplementation prevented it. Thus, the present study shows for the first time the effect of FA maternal supplementation on memory, cytokines, and neurotrophins in the aged offspring.

High-Dose Perinatal Folic-Acid Supplementation Alters Insulin Sensitivity in Sprague-Dawley Rats and Diminishes the Expression of Adiponectin

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayodele Olufemi Morakinyo ◽  
Titilola Aderonke Samuel ◽  
Funmileyi Olubajo Awobajo ◽  
Gabriel Olorunleke Oludare ◽  
Adekunle Mofolorunso
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

scholarly journals Folic Acid Usual Doses Decrease the Buccal Micronucleus Frequency on Smokers

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuktiana Kharisma ◽  
Meta Maulida Damayanti ◽  
Fajar Awaliya Yulianto ◽  
Santun Bhekti Rahimah ◽  
Winni Maharani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Buccal Mucosa ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Dna Instability ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin

Cigarette contains toxic chemical compounds that trigger DNA instability. Initial genotoxic oral cavity characterized by the appearance of micronucleus (MN) in the buccal mucosa. Folate is needed in maintaining DNA stability. This study aimed to compare the effects of folic acid usual doses (400 mcg and 1.000 mcg) on the MN frequency of buccal mucosa in active smokers. It is a clinical trial conducted in November 2018 in the Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Bandung of 53 active smokers who divided into two treatment groups. Group A was administered by 400 mcg and group B 1,000 mcg folic acid supplementation within three weeks. The buccal mucosa smear stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and observed through a light microscope with 100× and 400× magnification. Data were analyzed by the Wilcoxon test statistically. The results showed that there was a significant decrease (p=0.00) in MN frequency in folic acid supplementation for three weeks, namely group A=6.39±3.92 and group B=6.93±5.82 in pre-supplementation, and group A=3.80±2.66 and group B=3.31±2.71 post-supplementation of folic acid. Giving a dose of 400 mcg and 1,000 mcg for three weeks did not provide significant results (p=0.94) with Kruskal-Wallis test. In conclusion, administration of folic acid at usual dose give results to a decrease in the buccal mucosa MN frequency in active smokers. ASAM FOLAT DOSIS LAZIM MENURUNKAN FREKUENSI MIKRONUKLEUS MUKOSA BUKAL PADA PEROKOKAsap rokok mengandung senyawa kimia toksik yang memicu ketidakstabilan DNA. Deteksi genotoksik awal  rongga mulut ditandai dengan kemunculan mikronukleus (MN) pada mukosa bukal. Folat diperlukan dalam menjaga kestabilan DNA. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efek asam folat dosis lazim (400 mcg dan 1.000 mcg) terhadap frekuensi MN mukosa bukal pada perokok aktif. Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinis yang dilakukan pada bulan November 2018 di Laboratorium Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Islam Bandung terhadap 53 perokok aktif yang dibagi ke dalam dua kelompok perlakuan. Kelompok A mendapatkan suplementasi asam folat 400 mcg dan kelompok B mendapatkan suplementasi asam folat 1.000 mcg selama tiga pekan. Apus mukosa bukal diwarnai dengan hematoxylin-eosin (HE) dan diamati melalui mikroskop cahaya dengan pembesaran 100× dan 400x. Data dianalisis dengan uji Wilcoxon secara statistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat penurunan frekuensi MN yang signifikan (p=0.00) terhadap suplementasi asam folat selama tiga minggu, yaitu kelompok A=3,80±2,66 dan kelompok B=3,31±2,71 pada pre-suplementasi, serta kelompok A=6,39±3,92 dan kelompok B=6,93±5,82 pascasuplementasi asam folat. Pemberian dosis 400 mcg dan 1.000 mcg selama tiga minggu tidak memberikan hasil yang bermakna (p=0,94) berdasar atas Uji Kruskal-Wallis. Simpulan, pemberian asam folat dosis lazim memberikan hasil baik terhadap penurunan frekuensi MN mukosa bukal pada perokok aktif.

Maternal Folic Acid Supplementation During Pregnancy Promotes Neurogenesis and Synaptogenesis in Neonatal Rat Offspring

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 3390-3397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyan Wang ◽  
Wen Li ◽  
Zhenshu Li ◽  
Yue Ma ◽  
Jing Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Neuronal Differentiation ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Periconceptional Period

Abstract Maternal folic acid supplementation during pregnancy is associated with improved cognitive performances in offspring. However, the effect of supplementation on offspring’s neurogenesis and synaptogenesis is unknown, and whether supplementation should be continued throughout pregnancy is controversial. In present study, 3 groups of female rats were fed a folate-normal diet, folate-deficient diet, or folate-supplemented diet from 1 week before mating until the end of pregnancy. A fourth group fed folate-normal diet from 1 week before mating until mating, then fed folate-supplemented diet for 10 consecutive days, then fed folate-normal diet until the end of pregnancy. Offspring were sacrificed on postnatal day 0 for measurement of neurogenesis and synaptogenesis by immunofluorescence and western blot. Additionally neural stem cells (NSCs) were cultured from offspring’s hippocampus for immunocytochemical measurement of their rates of proliferation and neuronal differentiation. The results demonstrated that maternal folic acid supplementation stimulated hippocampal neurogenesis by increasing proliferation and neuronal differentiation of NSCs, and also enhanced synaptogenesis in cerebral cortex of neonatal offspring. Hippocampal neurogenesis was stimulated more when supplementation was continued throughout pregnancy instead of being limited to the periconceptional period. In conclusion, maternal folic acid supplementation, especially if continued throughout pregnancy, improves neurogenesis and synaptogenesis in neonatal offspring.

scholarly journals Folic acid, but not folate, regulates different stages of neurogenesis in the ventral hippocampus of adult female rats

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wansu Qiu ◽  
Aarthi R. Gobinath ◽  
Yanhua Wen ◽  
Jehannine Austin ◽  
Liisa A.M. Galea
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Ventral Hippocampus ◽  
Plasma Homocysteine ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Serum Corticosterone ◽  
Immature Neurons ◽  
Low Levels

ABSTRACTFolate is an important regulator of hippocampal neurogenesis, and in utero spinal cord development. Both high levels of folic acid and low levels of folate can be harmful to health, as low levels of folate have been linked to several diseases while high folic acid supplements can mask a vitamin B12 deficiency. Depressed patients exhibit folate deficiencies, lower levels of hippocampal neurogenesis, elevated levels of homocysteine, and elevated levels of the stress hormone, cortisol, which may be inter-related. Here, we are interested in whether different doses of natural folate or synthetic folic acid diets can influence neurogenesis in the hippocampus, levels of plasma homocysteine, and serum corticosterone in adult female rats. Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent dietary interventions for 29 days. Animals were randomly assigned to six different dietary groups: folate deficient + succinylsulfathiazole (SST), low 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF), low 5-MTHF + (SST), high 5-MTHF + SST, low folic acid, and high folic acid. SST was added to a subset of the 5-MTHF diets to eliminate folic acid production in the gut. Before and after dietary treatment, blood samples were collected for corticosterone and homocysteine analysis, and brain tissue was collected for neurogenesis analysis. High folic acid and low 5-MTHF without SST increased the number of immature neurons (doublecortin-expressing cells) within the ventral hippocampus compared to folate deficient controls. Low 5-MTHF without SST significantly increased the number of immature neurons compared to low and high 5-MTHF + SST, indicating that SST interfered with elevations in neurogenesis. Low folic acid and high 5-MTHF+SST reduced plasma homocysteine levels compared to controls, but there was no significant effect of diet on serum corticosterone levels. Low folic acid and high 5-MTHF+SST reduced the number of mature new neurons in the ventral hippocampus (BrdU/NeuN-positive cells) compared to folate deficient controls. Overall, folic acid dose-dependently influenced neurogenesis, with low levels decreasing but high levels increasing, neurogenesis in the ventral hippocampus, suggesting this region, which is important for regulating stress, is particularly sensitive to folic acid in diets. Furthermore, the addition of SST negated the effects of 5-MTHF to increase neurogenesis in the ventral hippocampus.

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