scholarly journals The effect of a low-fat maternal diet on neonatal rats

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Sinclair ◽  
M. A. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Brain Lipids ◽  
Control Value ◽  
The Brain

1. Rats were raised on a low-fat diet containing 6 g fat/kg. Females of the second generation were bred and only 11% of their pups survived to weaning age compared with a 66% survival for control pups. Pups were killed 8–12 h after birth and their tissues were analysed.2. Pups in the low-fat group had smaller body, brain and liver weights than control pups; the lipid contents of body, brain and liver were also significantly less.3. In the liver triglycerides from the control group the C20 and C22 polyenoic fatty acids constituted 33% of the total fatty acids. The liver triglyceride concentration in the low-fat group was lower and the concentration of the long-chain polyenoic fatty acids in this fraction was 20% of the control value. The milk fatty acids from the low-fat group contained only 33% as much of the C18 to C22 polyenoic fatty acids compared with the control group.4. In the brain lipids from the low-fat group, changes in the fatty acid composition were less marked than in the liver lipids. In these experiments there were only small amounts of 20:3ω9 in the tissue lipids; the ratio to 20:4ω6 was less than 1.5. These changes are discussed in relation to the influence of dietary lipids on tissue growth especially of lipid-rich tissues such as the brain.

scholarly journals Human milk: maternal dietary lipids and infant development

2007 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila M. Innis
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids

Human milk provides all the dietary essential fatty acids, linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n-6) and α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3), as well as their longer-chain more-unsaturated metabolites, including arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) and DHA (22:6n-3) to support the growth and development of the breast-fed infant. Human milk levels of LA have increased in Westernized nations from mean levels (g/100 g total fatty acids) of 6 to 12–16 over the last century, paralleling the increase in dietary intake of LA-rich vegetable oils. DHA levels (g/100 g total milk fatty acids) vary from <0·1 to >1% and are lowest in countries in which the intake of DHA from fish and other animal tissue lipids is low. The role of DHA in infant nutrition is of particular importance because DHA is accumulated specifically in the membrane lipids of the brain and retina, where it is important to visual and neural function. An important question is the extent to which many human diets that contain low amounts of n-3 fatty acids may compromise human development. The present paper reviews current knowledge on maternal diet and human milk fatty acids, the implications of maternal diet as the only source of essential fatty acids for infant development both before and after birth, and recent studies addressing the maternal intakes and milk DHA levels associated with risk of low infant neural system maturation.

scholarly journals Improvement of the probiotic effect of micro-organisms by their combination with maltodextrins, fructo-oligosaccharides and polyunsaturated fatty acids

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (S1) ◽  
pp. S95-S99 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bomba ◽  
R. Nemcová ◽  
S. Gancarcíková ◽  
R. Herich ◽  
P. Guba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Weanling Piglets ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Gnotobiotic Piglets

Probiotics could represent an effective alternative to the use of synthetic substances in nutrition and medicine. The data concerning the efficacy of probiotics are often contradictory. This paper focuses on the enhancement of the efficacy of probiotics by their combination with synergistically acting components of natural origin. Maltodextrins can be obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of starch and are suitable for consumption. Administration ofLactobacillus paracaseitogether with maltodextrin decreased the number ofEscherichia colicolonising the jejunal mucosa of gnotobiotic piglets by 1 logarithm compared to the control group. Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) are naturally occurring oligosaccharides, mainly of plant origin.L. paracaseiadministered in combination with FOS significantly increased counts ofLactobacillusspp.,Bifidobacteriumspp., total anaerobes and total aerobes compared to the control group as well as theL. paracaseigroup. It also significantly decreasedClostridiumandEnterobacteriumcounts in the faeces of the weanling piglets compared with the control group. Dietary lipids influence the gastrointestinal microbiota and specifically the population of lactic acid bacteria. In gnotobiotic piglets the oral administration of an oil containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) significantly increased the number ofL. paracaseiadhering to jejunal mucosa compared to the control group. Our results showed that maltodextrin KMS X-70 and PUFA can be used to enhance the effect of probiotic micro-organisms in the small intestine, and similarly FOS enhance the effect of probiotic micro-organisms in the large intestine.

scholarly journals Influence of sulfonated and diet-derived human milk oligosaccharides on the infant microbiome and immune markers

2020 ◽  
Vol 295 (12) ◽  
pp. 4035-4048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candice Quin ◽  
Sara D. Vicaretti ◽  
Nina A Mohtarudin ◽  
Alexander M. Garner ◽  
Deanna M. Vollman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Immune Markers ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) promote the development of the neonatal intestinal, immune, and nervous systems and has recently received considerable attention. Here we investigated how the maternal diet affects HMO biosynthesis and how any diet-induced HMO alterations influence the infant gut microbiome and immunity. Using capillary electrophoresis and MS-based analyses, we extracted and measured HMOs from breast milk samples and then correlated their levels with results from validated 24-h diet recall surveys and breast milk fatty acids. We found that fruit intake and unsaturated fatty acids in breast milk were positively correlated with an increased absolute abundance of numerous HMOs, including 16 sulfonated HMOs we identified here in humans for the first time. The diet-derived monosaccharide 5-N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) was unambiguously detected in all samples. To gain insights into the potential impact of Neu5Gc on the infant microbiome, we used a constrained ordination approach and identified correlations between Neu5Gc levels and Bacteroides spp. in infant stool. However, Neu5Gc was not associated with marked changes in infant immune markers, in contrast with sulfonated HMOs, whose expression correlated with suppression of two major Th2 cytokines, IL-10 and IL-13. The findings of our work highlight the importance of maternal diet for HMO biosynthesis and provide as yet unexplored targets for future studies investigating interactions between HMOs and the intestinal microbiome and immunity in infants.

Intestinal responsiveness to experimental colitis in young rats is altered by maternal diet

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (1) ◽  
pp. G13-G20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevan Jacobson ◽  
Harmeet Mundra ◽  
Sheila M. Innis
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Safflower Oil ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Fat Composition

Increasing evidence suggests that fetal and neonatal nutrition impacts later health. Aims of the present study were to determine the effect of maternal dietary fat composition on intestinal phospholipid fatty acids and responsiveness to experimental colitis in suckling rat pups. Female rats were fed isocaloric diets varying only in fat composition throughout gestation and lactation. The oils used were high (8%) in n-3 [canola oil (18:3n-3)], n-6 (72%) [safflower oil (18:2n-6)], or n-9 (78%) [high oleic acid safflower oil (18:1n-9)] fatty acids, n = 6/group. Colitis was induced on postnatal day 15 by intrarectal 2,4-dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS) administration with vehicle (50% ethanol) and procedure (0.9% saline) controls. Jejunal and colonic phospholipids and milk fatty acids were determined. The distal colon was assessed for macroscopic damage, histology, and MPO activity. The 18:2n-6 maternal diet increased n-6 fatty acids, whereas the 18:3n-3 diet increased n-3 fatty acids in milk and pup jejunal and colonic phospholipids. Maternal diet, milk, and pup intestinal n-6-to-n-3 fatty acid ratios increased significantly in order: high 18:3n-3 < high 18:1n-9 < high 18:2n-6. DNBS administration in pups in the high 18:2n-6 group led to severe colitis with higher colonic damage scores and MPO activity than in the 18:1n-9 and 18:3n-3 groups. High maternal dietary 18:3n-3 intake was associated with colonic damage scores and MPO activity, which were not significantly different from ethanol controls. We demonstrate that maternal dietary fat influences the composition of intestinal lipids and responsiveness to experimental colitis in nursing offspring.

The effects of dietary lipids and roughage level on dairy goat performance, milk physicochemical composition, apparent transfer efficiency and biohydrogenation rate of milk fatty acids

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-296
Author(s):  
S. Büyükkılıç Beyzi ◽  
M. Gorgulu ◽  
H. R. Kutlu ◽  
Y. Konca
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Physicochemical Composition

AbstractThe study was conducted to investigate the effects of fish or palm oil diets with different roughage levels on dairy performance, milk physicochemical composition and apparent transfer efficiency of fatty acids (FA) in goat milk. The experiment was conducted with 40 Aleppo goats with a mean parity of 2.53 ± 0.8 (multiparous), mean initial body weight of 47.23 kg and 25 ± 5 days in milk which were allocated to four (2 × 2) experimental diets with two oil sources (fish or palm oil) at 25.6 g/kg of dietary dry matter and forage levels (400 or 600 g/kg). The experimental data were analysed by repeated measures analysis, using the MIXED procedure. The concentrations of saturated FA decreased with high forage level and fish oil diets; however, the fish oil diets caused an increase in C14 saturated FA. Fish oil diets with high roughage levels more efficiently increased conjugated linoleic acid, n-6 (18 : 2), and n-3 (20 : 5). The apparent transfer efficiency of 18 : 1, 18 : 2, 18 : 3 and 20 : 5 decreased and the transfer efficiency of 22 : 6 increased with the use of fish oil in the diet. The roughage level did not affect the apparent transfer efficiency of 18 : 1 and 18 : 2, but the low roughage level increased the apparent transfer efficiency of 20 : 5. High roughage diets improved milk quality parameters through increasing eicosapentaenoic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), PUFA/saturated FA and atherogenicity index, thus it was concluded that dietary roughage level could be considered as an important designator of milk quality when a supplement of fish oil and palm oil was supplied to goats.

scholarly journals Intervention with flaxseed and borage oil supplements modulates skin condition in women

2008 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke De Spirt ◽  
Wilhelm Stahl ◽  
Hagen Tronnier ◽  
Helmut Sies ◽  
Marie Bejot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Borage Oil ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Ingestion of selected nutrients modulates dermal properties. In the present study, two groups of women ingested flaxseed or borage oil for 12 weeks. The control group received a placebo containing medium-chain fatty acids. Dose was 2·2 g total fatty acids/d with α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid as major constituents in the flaxseed oil group; in the borage oil group linoleic and γ-linolenic acid were predominant. In the flaxseed oil group, the contribution of α-linolenic acid to total fatty acids in plasma was significantly increased on weeks 6 and 12, whereas there was an increase in γ-linolenic acid in the borage oil group (P < 0·05). Skin irritation was performed by nicotinate treatment, and changes in skin reddening and blood flow were monitored. Compared to week 0, skin reddening was diminished in both groups; blood flow was also lowered. Skin hydration was significantly increased after 12 weeks of treatment compared to week 0, with flaxseed or borage oil (P < 0·05). Transepidermal water loss was decreased in both oil groups by about 10 % after 6 weeks of supplementation. A further decrease was determined after 12 weeks in the flaxseed oil group. Surface evaluation of living skin revealed that roughness and scaling of the skin were significantly decreased with flaxseed and borage oil comparing week 0 and week 12 (P < 0·05). Except for hydration, none of the parameters was affected in the placebo group. The present data provide evidence that skin properties can be modulated by an intervention with dietary lipids.

Effect of Diets with Different Lipid’s Sources On Serum and Brain Fatty Acids Profile: Experimental Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-631
Author(s):  
Nora H. Slobodianik ◽  
Paula D. Perris ◽  
María Cecilia Mambrin ◽  
Inés Fernandez ◽  
María Susana Feliu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Serum Fatty Acid ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Different Sources

Background: The importance of diet in health is widely accepted and recognized. Diet lipid profile is important to prevent chronic diseases and improve the quality of an individual’s life. Objective: The objective of this report is to analyze the effect of different sources of dietary lipids with standard and high concentration on growing rats. Methods: Experimental diets contained 15 or 42% kcal of fat, provided by butter (B), olive oil (O), high oleic sunflower oil (HO), and sunflower oil (S). Control diet (C) was normocaloric with 15% kcal of fat provided by soy oil. All diets were complete in the other nutrients according to AIN 1993 and were administered for 40 days. Results: Daily intake was similar in all groups. The administration of these diets provoked changes in serum fatty acid profile in response to the different sources of dietary lipids used; no changes were observed in the brain´s fatty acids. Conclusion: These results would suggest that the organism tries first to supply the brain´s fatty acid needs at the expense of its modification in serum..

scholarly journals Influence of Feeding Linseed on SCD Activity in Grazing Goat Mammary Glands

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaella Tudisco ◽  
Biagina Chiofalo ◽  
Vittorio Lo Presti ◽  
Valeria Maria Morittu ◽  
Giuseppe Moniello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Stearoyl Coa Desaturase

The effects of linseed feeding on the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) activity were evaluated on grazing dairy goats divided into two homogeneous groups (C, control, and L, treated) fed the same amount of concentrate which, for group L was supplemented with linseed. Milk yield was unaffected by the treatment. Group L showed significantly higher milk fat (4.10% vs 2.94%, p < 0.01) than group S. Within milk fatty acids, group C showed significantly higher levels of saturated fatty acids and lower values of mono-unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. In group L, total CLAs were higher than in group S (0.646% vs 0.311%; p < 0.01) mainly because of the differences in CLA cis9 trans 11 (0.623% vs 0.304%; p < 0.01). In treated animals, SCD activity, measured as cis9 C14:1/C14:0, was lower than in the control group, mainly in July and August.

scholarly journals Toxic effect of cathinone (an active principle of Catha edulis) on brain lipids in Swiss albino mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Mohammed M. Safhi ◽  
M. F. Alam ◽  
Ibrahim Abdu Jubran Khardali ◽  
Sohail Hussain ◽  
Mohammed Abdul Hakeem Siddiqui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Brain Lipids ◽  
Catha Edulis ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
The Brain

The leaves of khat plant (Catha edulis) are widely consumed by people of East African countries and Arabian Peninsula for their pleasurable and stimulating effects. The consumption of khat is prohibited in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia but it is being used by the people of Kingdom, especially in the region of Jazan, where it is easily available due to its cultivation in the neighbouring country Yemen. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of very low doses of cathinone on the brain lipids. Male Swiss albino mice were divided in 4 groups, one control and 3 experimental and each group having 6 animals. (-) Cathinone, 0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg body weight was given intraperitoneal to animals for 10 days, once daily.  Cathinone has elevated the level of triglyceride significantly and dose dependently as compared to control group. On the other hand, the content of ganglioside was depleted significantly and dose dependently in experimental groups as compared to control group. A significantly elevated level of cholesterol was observed with the doses of 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg and phospholipids with the dose of 0.5 mg/kg of cathinone as compared to control group. No significant change on total lipids was observed in cathinone treated group as compared to control group. The study concludes that very low doses of cathinone were sufficient for the change on the brain lipid contents to provide excitement in khat chewers. 

scholarly journals Maternal diet high in fat reduces docosahexaenoic acid in liver lipids of newborn and sucking rat pups

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 395-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ghebremeskel ◽  
D. Bitsanis ◽  
E. Koukkou ◽  
C. Lowy ◽  
L. Poston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

The effect of a maternal diet high in fat, similar to Western foods, and of diabetes on liver essential fatty acid composition of the mother and the newborn and sucking pups was investigated. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed on either a low-fat (42 g/kg) or a high-fat (329 g/kg) diet for 10 d before mating, throughout pregnancy and post-partum. On the first day of pregnancy, diabetes was induced by intravenous administration of streptozotocin in half the animals from the two diet groups. Half the pups were killed at birth, and the remaining pups and mothers at days 15 and 16 respectively. At birth, there was a significant reduction in the proportions of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the liver phosphoglycerols and neutral lipids of the pups of both high-fat control and diabetic mothers compared with those of low-fat control and diabetic mothers. Diabetes decreased arachidonic (AA) and linoleic acid values in both the low- and high-fat groups at birth. The sucking pups of both the high-fat control and diabetic mothers exhibited a significant reduction in DHA and a concomitant compensatory increase in AA and a lowering in DHA–AA balance. In the mothers, the high-fat diet significantly increased the proportions of DHA in ethanolamine phosphoglycerols but had no observable effect in choline phosphoglycerols and neutral lipids. In the fetus the DHA level (g/100 g total fatty acids) was disproportionately reduced by the maternal high-fat diet. The adverse effect of the high-fat diet on the level of DHA (g/100 g total fatty acids) was greater in the neonate (and by implication the fetus) than in the sucking pups or mothers. It is concluded that a distortion of the biochemistry is induced in the offspring through a maternal high-fat diet, without genetic predisposition.

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