scholarly journals Experimental protein-energy deficiency in rats. Ratio of serine+glycine to threonine as an index of deficiency

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohair I. Salem ◽  
S. M. Hegazi ◽  
S. R. Morcos
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Protein Deficiency ◽  
Energy Deficiency ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Serum Amino Acids ◽  
Full Picture

1. Rats were given a low-protein (10 g/kg) diet for 16 weeks and the changes occurring in their serum amino acids were studied; during this time a full picture of protein-energy malnutrition was manifested. Groups of rats were killed at intervals of 4 weeks.2. Food intake decreased gradually from the 4th to the 8th week, then increased slightly from the 9th to the 11th week, and then decreased again.3. The body-weight of the rats fell progressively from the 1st week on the low-protein diet, remained stationary from the 10th to the 13th week, and then decreased again during the last 4 weeks.4. The ratio of non-essential to essential amino acid was not correlated with the severity of protein deficiency.5. The ratios between some individual amino acids were compared with these ratios in control rats during the 4-week periods of protein deficiency. The ratio of serine+glycine to threonine was always significantly higher in the protein-deficient than in the control rats.

scholarly journals Study of NT-pro-BNP and Hs-Troponin I biomarkers for early detection of children’s heart function of protein-energy malnutrition

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Herlina Dimiati ◽  
Abdus Samik Wahab ◽  
Mohammad Juffrie ◽  
Madarina Julia ◽  
Basri A. Gani
Keyword(s):  
Troponin I ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Blood Electrolytes ◽  
Ventricular Mass ◽  
Protein Energy

The Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) is the condition of a lack of carbohydrate and protein stores in the body that trigger chronic failure nutrient intake and body maintenance function caused to impact the heart functions. The NT-pro-BNP and Hs- Troponin I proteins were found as the indicator of cardiac dysfunction. The sixty subjects of PEM, analyzed by standard of Indonesia Healt Ministry as well as nutritional status. The blood electrolytes examined by laboratory assay and the levels of Hs-Troponin 1 and NT-Pro-BNP were analyzed by Immune-Chromatography method. Assessing of the ventricular mass with the seeing the peak of the diastolic flow rate of left ventricular that estimated by the curve of the receiver operating characteristic and the area under the curve (P<0.05). The result has shown that the PEM decreased in the left ventricular mass for impaired heart function and systolic disorder. The Hs- Troponin I (90.9%) has better sensitivity than NT-pro-BNP (85.5%) if the merger of those markers possesses the lowest sensitivity (81.8%). These proteins have good biomarkers in heart function, mainly in cases where PEM is present.

scholarly journals Aflatoxins in body fluids and food of Nigeria children with protein-energy malnutrition

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (53) ◽  
pp. 6553-6566
Author(s):  
GC Onyemelukwe ◽  
◽  
D Ogoina ◽  
GE Ibiam ◽  
GH Ogbadu
Keyword(s):  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Nigerian Children ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Patient Groups

Aflatoxins are natural contaminants of food crops implicated in the pathogenesis of various human diseases. This study aimed to determine the associations between aflatoxins and protein- energy malnutrition ( PEM) by measurements of aflatoxins in serum, urine and food on plate of Nigerian children with PEM. A cross - sectional study was undertaken in 3 agro - ecological regions of Nigeria (Guinea savannah, Sudan savannah and Rain forest), where aflatoxins B1 , B2, G1, G2, M1, and M2 were measured in sera, urine and food on plate of 79 children with PEM (kwashiorkor n=36, marasmic kwashiorkor n=29 and marasmus n=13) and 33 healthy controls, matched for age and sex. Among healthy controls, aflatoxin detection rates were higher in the Guinea Savannah (72.2%) than in the Sudan Savannah (53.8%), albeit statistically insignificant. In relation to nutritional groups, the rates of detection of aflatoxins were higher in marasmic kwashiorkor (93.1%) and kwashiorkor patients (88.9%) , compared to marasmus (76.9%) and controls (63.6%, p=0.013). The rates of detection of B1 aflatoxin followed a similar trend viz. marasmic kwashiorkor (82.4%), kwashiorkor (69.4%), marasmus (53.8%) and controls (42.4%, p=0.007). Of all types of aflatoxins detected in serum, M2 had the highest rates of detection in all patient groups and controls. The median concentrations of aflatoxins detected in sera of each PEM group were significantly higher than those of controls, but comparisons between PEM groups were not statistically significant. The frequency and concentration of aflatoxins detected in urine and food of PEM groups and controls were not statistically different. However, controls had the lowest serum / urine aflatoxin ratio as well as lowest median aflatoxins concentrations in their food as compared to PEM patient s. In conclusion, aflatoxins are commonly detected in the body fluids and food of Nigerian children , but more frequently and at higher concentrations in children with PEM , possibly due to decreased excretion or increased exposure. Future prospective studies are desirable to determine if aflatoxins contribute to the pathogenesis of all types of PEM and not necessarily kwashiorkor alone.

scholarly journals Protein malnutrition in the rat induced by protein-calorie imbalance

1966 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Wikramanayake
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

1. A study has been made of the effect of feeding growing rats for a long time on a low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet given at two different levels of energy. 2. When the proteins of the diet provided o or 5% of the calories the body-weight fell rapidly and fat accumulated in the liver. Addition of carbohydrate (glucose) to the diets increased the amount of fat in the liver. 3. It is suggested that a deficiency of protein retards the synthesis in the liver of lipoproteins required for removal of triglyceride from the liver. Additional carbohydrate diverts amino acids from the amino acid pool to tissues such as muscles, increasing the liver damage.

scholarly journals Peritoneal Protein Losses and Cytokine Generation in Automated Peritoneal Dialysis with Combined Amino Acids and Glucose Solutions

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Tjiong ◽  
F. J. Zijlstra ◽  
T. Rietveld ◽  
J. L. Wattimena ◽  
J. G. M. Huijmans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Automated Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Dialysis Solutions ◽  
Control Protein ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Objectives. Protein-energy malnutrition as a consequence of deficient protein intake frequently occurs in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Previously, we showed that peritoneal dialysate containing a mixture of amino acids (AA) and glucose has anabolic effects. However AA-dialysate has been reported to increase intraperitoneal protein and AA losses and the release of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukine-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)). We investigated the effect of AA plus glucose (AAG) solutions on peritoneal protein losses and cytokine generation.Methods. In 6 patients on standard automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) 12 APD sessions of 6 cycles each were performed during the night using dialysate containing 1.1% AA plus glucose or glucose alone as control. Protein losses and TNFαand IL-6 concentrations were measured in dialysates separately collected from nightly cycling and daytime dwell.Results. The 24 hour-protein losses with AAG (median 6.7 g, range 4.7–9.4 g) were similar to control dialysate (median 6.0 g, range 4.2–9.2 g). Daytime dialysate IL-6 levels were higher after nightly AAG dialysis than after control dialysis (142 pg/ml and 82 pg/ml, respectively,P<.05). TNFαconcentrations were very low.Conclusion. Nightly APD with amino acids containing dialysate was associated with an increase in peritoneal IL-6 generation during the day. The addition of AA to standard glucose dialysis solutions did not induce a significant increase of peritoneal protein losses.

scholarly journals Expansion of the humoral effector cell compartment of both systemic and mucosal immune systemsin a weanling murine model which duplicates critical features of human protein-energy malnutrition

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-L. Ha ◽  
L.E. Paulino ◽  
B.D. Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Transport ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Human Protein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Mucosal Antibody ◽  
Zero Time

AbstractA direct comparison of systemic (spleen) and mucosal (intestine) antibody-producing systems was made in weanling male C57BL/6J mice subjected to wasting protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) by means of a low-protein protocol known to duplicate immunological and physiological features of human malnutrition. ELISA revealed low concentrations of biliary and gut lumen immunoglobulin (Ig) A in malnourished mice concomitantly with a high concentration of blood IgA. The low-protein model, therefore, exhibited fidelity to human protein-energy malnutrition in its influence on the concentrations of the mucosal Ig, IgA, in critical biological fluids. The number of IgA-, IgM- and IgG-containing cells was estimated morphometrically on a per organ basis. The low-protein protocol supported expansion in numbers of mucosal IgA-containing cells (18 x relative to a zero-time control group) and of splenic IgG- containing cells (135 x ), albeit an attenuated expansion in comparison with that of well-nourished control animals (132x and 571x respectively relative to zero-time controls). Up to terminal differentiation of Ig-containing cells, systemic and mucosal antibody-producing systems exhibited similarly remarkable resistance to wasting malnutrition. Epithelial transport of IgA may be an aspect of the mucosal antibody response which is particularly sensitive to PEM.

scholarly journals KADAR TRIGLISERIDA DAN STATUS GIZI PADA KLIEN TUBERKULOSIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Noor Diani ◽  
Devi Rahmayanti
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstrak Tuberkulosis (TBC) mengakibatkan penurunan asupan dan malabsorbsi nutrien serta metabolisme tubuh berubah sehingga terjadi massa otot dan lemak menurun akibat mekanisme malnutrisi dari energi protein. Malnutrisi pada TBC berpengaruh terhadap prognosis dan tingkat kematian. Peningkatan produksi IFNl- γ dan IL-6, TNF α menghambat dari aktivitas Lipo Protein Lipase (LPL) dijaringan lemak. Enzim LPL berperan dalam proses bersihan trigliserida. Peningkatan ini meningkatkan trigliserida sehingga proses sintesis lemak menurun dan proses lipolisis lemak meningkat di jaringan. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis hubungan trigliserida dan status gizi pada klien TBC. Metode penelitian ini korelasi analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional, sampel 25 orang, dengan uji korelasi Pearson-Product Moment. Hasil penelitian status gizi dibawah normal 56%, normal 40% dan kelebihan berat badan 4%. Kadar Trigliserida normal 84%, trigliserida tinggi 16%. Kesimpulan ada hubungan antara kadar trigliserida dan status gizi yakni r hitung sebesar 0,5: r tabel = 0,396 sehingga r hitung > r tabel dengan korelasi positif.Kata Kunci : Trigliserida, Status Gizi, Tuberkulosis.AbstractTuberculosis(TB) resulting the decreasing of nutrient intake and malabsorbsi as well as changing the metabolism of the body. The wasthing are decreased protein energy. Malnutrition on TB affects the prognosis of the treatment and death rates. The increase TNF α will inhibit the enzyme activity of Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) in the fat tissue. LPL enzyme plays a role in cleavage process of triglycerides. This research was to analyze the relationship of triglycerides and nutrition status on the client with tuberculosis. The design was cross-sectional approach. The respondents were gathered from 25 newly TB patients. The analyzed using Pearson Product-Moment correlation. The results showed 56% respondents undernutrition, and normal 40% and over nutrition 4%. Most triglyceride level of the respondent were normal (84). The concluded was a relationship between triglycerides and the nutritional status with a positive correlation ( P value 0,396).Keywords : Triglycerides, Nutritional Status, Tuberculosis

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Crude Protein Levels on Fecal Crude Protein, Amino Acids Flow Amount, Fecal and Ileal Microbial Amino Acids Composition and Amino Acid Digestibility in Growing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2092
Author(s):  
Zhenguo Yang ◽  
Tianle He ◽  
Gifty Ziema Bumbie ◽  
Hong Hu ◽  
Qingju Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Amino Acids Composition ◽  
Protein Amino Acids

The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of low protein corn-soybean meal-based diets on fecal CP, amino acid (AA) flow amount, AA digestibility and fecal and ileal microbial AA composition in growing pigs. Eighteen pigs (initial body weight = 30 ± 1.35) were randomly divided into three groups and fed with basal diets with CP levels of 12%, 15% and 18%, respectively. The Lys, Met + Cys, Thr and Trp level in the 12% CP and 15% CP groups is the same as 18% CP group by the addition of four crystalline Lys, Met + Cys, Thr and Trp to the diet. The results showed that with the decrease of dietary CP level from 18% to 12%, the fecal total nitrogen (N), CP and total AA (TAA) flow amount decreased linearly (p < 0.05). Dry matter (DM) digestibility, CP digestibility, TAA digestibility, essential amino acid (EAA) digestibility and non-essential amino acid (NEAA) digestibility increased linearly with the decrease of dietary CP concentration from 18% to 12%. Compared with 18% CP group, the flow amount of Asp, Ser, Glu, Gly, Tyr, Val, Leu and Phe in feces of pigs in the 15% CP group and 12% CP group decreased significantly, while the flow amount of Arg in the 15% CP group was lower than that in the 18% CP group and 12% CP group. The fecal microbial N and AA of the 15% CP group were higher than those of the 18% CP and 12% CP groups. Fecal TAA flow amount decreased linearly with the decrease of the dietary CP levels from 18% to 12%. Fecal TAA and NEAA flow amount also decreased linearly with the decrease of dietary CP level from 18% to 12%. Except for Glu, Gly, Met, Tyr, Thr and Phe, there were significant differences among the three groups in the composition of 17 kinds of AAs in fecal microorganisms. Among the 17 AA compositions of ileal microorganisms, except Tyr and Lys, the other AAs were significantly different among the three groups (p < 0.05)

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF USE OF DOSED PHYSICAL EXERCISE IN PATIENTS WITH HEMODIALYSIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 102-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Vishnevsky ◽  
A. Sh. Rumyantsev ◽  
N. Yu. Korosteleva
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Energy Deficiency ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Training Mode ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Almost All

The article reflects modern ideas about the causes and mechanisms of the physical functioning disorders in patients with chronic kidney  disease receiving program hemodialysis. Various types of physical  activity are considered and the rationale for their use in dialysis  patients is justified. The diagnostics possibilities of the protein- energy deficiency main variants are presented. Possible directions  for their correction are outlined. The possibilities and methods of  regular physical training in such a complex cohort of patients with  changes in almost all the basic systems of the body are described in  detail. For patients who cannot perform physical exercises in a  training mode, a new rehabilitation technique was developed and  tested on a representative sample, and a new rehabilitation  technique that was not previously used in nephrology – a cutaneous  bilateral electrostimulation of the muscles of the lower extremities –  was justified and considered in detail. The authors give their own data on long-term follow-up of patients, which confirm the  possibilities of the presented methods not only in terms of improving physical performance, but also in improving the adequacy  of dialysis and the quality of life.

Metabolic response to injury and disease in high-performance sports

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
A. S. SAMOYLOV ◽  
◽  
A. V. ZHOLINSKIY ◽  
A. E. SHESTOPALOV ◽  
N. V. RYLOVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
The Body ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Energy Deficiency ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Reaction ◽  
Competition Period

Recently, in high-performance sports, there has been a significant increase in the volume and intensity of training loads, an increase in the duration of the competition period and its intensity, significant psychoemotional loads that affect the health status and quality of life of professional athletes, determine the incidence rate and a higher risk of injury in highly qualified athletes. Trauma and disease are considered as a polyetiological variant of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome, associated with the formation of «pathological» systems and their further dynamic change. One of the most striking manifestations of the systemic inflammatory reaction syndrome is pronounced metabolic disorders with a shift in metabolic processes towards hypermetabolism-hypercatabolism. The catabolic type of metabolic processes is characterized by the development of a pronounced protein-energy deficiency, a violation of nutrition and the inability to provide the body with the necessary nutrients in a natural way.

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