scholarly journals Sulphur as a nutrient for Merino sheep

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Langlands ◽  
H. A. M. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Dietary Requirements ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Forage Diets

1. Faecal and urinary sulphur excretions of Merino sheep given fifty-one forage diets were measured in 205 balance experiments to derive estimates of the dietary requirements of Merino sheep for S.2. Faecal S excretion varied with the S, organic matter and digestible organic matter intakes. Non-dietary faecal S excretion was estimated by regression analysis and was approximately 0·7 g S/kg organic-matter intake. Apparent S digestibility declined linearly with the reciprocal of dietary S content, and was predicted to be zero when the dietary S content was 0·81 g S/kg organic matter.3. Both urinary S excretion and S retention varied with the digestible S and digestible organic-matter intakes. Endogenous urinary S excretion was taken to be the urinary S excretion when digestible S intake was zero, and the sheep was at zero energy balance. It was estimated by regression analysis to be 38 mg S/d.4. The S and digestible S intakes necessary to maintain the fleece-free tissues in S equilibrium can be calculated from the equations derived in this study. An example is presented.

Intake, digestion, and nitrogen and sulfur retention in Angora goats and Merino sheep fed herbage diets

1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (125) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
PT Doyle ◽  
JK Egan ◽  
AJ Thalen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Limiting Nutrients ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Medium Quality ◽  
Angora Goats

The voluntary intake and digestion of three pasture hays of varying quality by Angora goats was compared with that by Merino sheep. The excretion and retention of nitrogen and sulfur were also measured. When a high quality hay was given, there were no differences between goats and sheep in the intake of organic matter (68 vs 61 g/kg0.75.d) or in organic matter digestibility (digestible organic matter intake) (72 vs 7 1 %). However, the goats appeared to utilize nitrogen less efficiently than the sheep as evidenced by nitrogen retention (673 vs 794 mg/100 g digestible organic matter intake.d), and there was a tendency for sheep to use absorbed energy more efficiently for body tissue synthesis. The apparent digestion of organic matter (65 vs 57%), plant cell wall constituents (67 vs 59%), nitrogen (29 vs 19%) and sulfur (40 vs 33%) in a medium quality hay low in nitrogen was greater in goats than in sheep. There were no differences in intake, but the goats were more efficient at conserving nitrogen (nitrogen retention -87 vs -200 mg/ 100 g digestible organic matter intake.d). Similar trends occurred when a poor quality hay with a higher nitrogen content was given. Goats have apparent advantages over sheep in their ability to digest fibrous feeds and conserve limiting nutrients from such feeds. Consequently, they may require less supplementary feeding than sheep in temperate areas during late summer and autumn when animals graze mature pastures.

Herbage intake and production of Merino sheep grazing native and improved pastures at different stocking rates

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (68) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
JP Langlands ◽  
JE Bowles
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Native Pastures ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Improved Pasture

Estimates were made of the herbage intake, nutritive value of the diet, liveweight, wool production, efficiency of wool production and fleece characteristics of fine wool merino sheep grazing native pastures at stocking rates of 1.9, 3.7 and 5.6 sheep ha-1. The effects of increased stocking rates on these variables, and differences between improved and native pastures were examined by regression analysis. Organic matter digestibility declined with increasing stocking rate and was consistently less on native than on improved pasture as were the N content and the ratio, N : organic matter digestibility in the diet. Organic matter intake/sheep did not differ between pasture types or stocking rates, but digestible organic matter, digestible nitrogen and nitrogen intakes were less on native pasture, and paralleled seasonal changes in nutritive value, minimum values being recorded in late winter. Both wool production/sheep and liveweight were greater on improved pastures. Wool production ha-1 was 4 to 10 times greater on improved than on native pastures at stocking rates at which wool production/sheep were similar. Efficiency of wool production expressed as g wool/100 g digestible organic matter consumed was greater on improved pasture but when expressed/100 g nitrogen intake, sheep grazing native pasture were more efficient. Possible reasons are discussed. The maintenance requirements for energy appeared to be similar on both types of pasture. Fleeces produced on native pastures were generally lighter with shorter staple lengths, and appeared to be one spinning count finer than those produced on improved pasture. They were also superior in terms of softness and colour but were less uniform.

EFFECT OF DIGESTIBLE CARBOHYDRATES ON THE APPARENT ABSORPTION OF MAGNESIUM BY WETHER LAMBS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 219-220
Author(s):  
J. K. THOMPSON ◽  
A. L. GELMAN ◽  
C. S. JESSIMAN
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Apparent Absorption ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Consistent Increase ◽  
Forage Diets

The apparent absorption of magnesium was found to increase with increasing intakes of digestible organic matter in young wether lambs fed on a variety of forage diets. The addition of corn starch to either grass or grass silage diets did not, however, give a consistent increase in magnesium absorption. Key words: Sheep, Magnesium, energy

The utilization of nitrogen and sulfur by weaner and mature merino sheep

1983 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 433 ◽  
Author(s):  
PT Doyle ◽  
JK Egan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Adult Sheep ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Medium Quality ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Difference

The intake, excretion, and retention of nitrogen and sulfur were measured in weaner (liveweight 15-17 kg) and mature (40-45 kg) Merino sheep offered ad libitum amounts of three pasture hays. The hays (H, M and L) varied in their content of digestible organic matter (71, 59 and 45%), of nitrogen (2.84, 0.72 and 1.20%), and of sulfur (0.20, 0.13 and 0.09%). When given the most-digestible hay (H), the weaners retained more nitrogen than did the mature sheep (0.97 v. 0.81 g per l00g digestible organic matter intake (DOMI), but there was no difference in retention of sulfur (79 v. 74 mg per l00g DOMI)). However, on the basis of metabolic liveweight, the weaners incorporated more of both nutrients into tissues, while the mature wethers incorporated more nitrogen and sulfur into wool. The retention of nitrogen and of sulfur per unit of DOMI were similar for each age group of sheep when the medium quality hay (M) was given. Mature sheep again incorporated more of each nutrient into wool. With the poorest quality hay (L), the weaners excreted more nitrogen and sulfur as a proportion of the amounts consumed than did the mature sheep. This resulted in a lower retention of nitrogen (-1.45 v. -0.74 g per l00g DOMI) and sulfur (-77 v. -14 mg per l00g DOMI) by the weaners. There was a lower incorporation of nitrogen into tissues per unit of metabolic liveweight by the weaners, and the mature sheep incorporated more nitrogen and sulfur into wool. The weaners grew wool less efficiently (g per l00g DOMI) than the adult sheep on all diets, the difference being greatest when the poorest quality hay was given. These results are discussed in relation to the nature of tissue energy reserves in weaner sheep.

scholarly journals Population improvement and synthetic cultivar production in forage kale (Brassica oleracea L.)

Euphytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Bradshaw
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Thiocyanate Ion ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Population Improvement ◽  
Field Transplant

AbstractExperimental results are brought together to demonstrate that forage kale population improvement involving full-sib and selfed families can be done on an annual cycle, followed by production of a synthetic cultivar. Furthermore, this new breeding method compares favourably with the two successful methods used to date, namely triple-cross hybrid cultivars from inbreeding and crossbreeding programmes and open-pollinated cultivars from population improvement programmes. The key findings were that natural vernalization of kale in south east Scotland occurred by mid-December so that plants could be pollinated in a glasshouse with heating and lighting by the end of February and seed harvested by the end of May. The resulting full-sib or selfed families could be assessed in a field transplant trial in the same year, from June to November, thus completing an annual cycle. Self-pollination resulted in shorter plants with lower fresh-weight, dry-matter and digestible organic-matter yields, and undesirably higher contents of S-methylcysteine sulphoxide, the haemolytic anaemia factor, and the goitrogenic thiocyanate ion. As a consequence of digestible organic-matter yield being reduced by as much as 22%, the estimated optimum number of selfed parents in a synthetic cultivar was four to eight. Synthetic cultivars are expected to yield as well as triple-cross hybrids as there was no reduction in yield when the latter were open-pollinated.

Effect of age, abomasal cannulation and rumen catheterization on intake and site of digestion by early-weaned lambs

1990 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Cruickshank ◽  
D. P. Poppi ◽  
A. R. Sykes ◽  
A. S. Familton
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Nutrient Digestion ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Outflow Rate ◽  
Ram Lambs ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Cumulative Intake

SUMMARYThe voluntary food intake, in vivo digestibility and site of nutrient digestion was measured in 12 Polled Dorset ram lambs, from 6 to 24 weeks of age, offered clover hay. Lambs were weaned at 6 weeks of age. Six were fitted with a permanent T-shaped cannula in the abomasum and a temporary rumen catheter during the periods of digesta flow measurement.Surgical modification of lambs did not influence intake (g/kg live weight (W) per day), in vivo digestibility or marker retention time in the rumen. However, intact lambs grew significantly faster than cannulated lambs (139 v. 109g/day, P < 0·05) apparently because of an overall higher cumulative intake over the whole experimental period rather than any change in efficiency of use of nutrients or maintenance requirement.Relative to live weight, intake increased rapidly until c. 10 weeks of age and remained relatively constant at c. 37 g DM/kg W per day for the remainder of the experiment. Age had no effect on in vivo digestibility of organic matter (OM) or neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (average 0·69).The proportion of digestible organic matter apparently digested in the rumen (DOMADR) decreased from 0·63 to 0·47 between 8 and 24 weeks of age whilst intake between these measurement periods increased. Nonammonia N (NAN) flow past the abomasum was similar at all ages in relation to digestible organic matter intake (55·1 g NAN/kg DOMI) but was higher at 16 and 24 weeks of age than at 8 and 12 weeks of age, respectively, in relation to organic matter apparently digested in the rumen (OMADR) (116 and 85 g NAN/kg OMADR, respectively, P < 0·05).Fractional outflow rate of digesta markers from the rumen, when estimated from abomasal digesta, was significantly higher than when estimated from faeces (103Ru-p 0·121 v. 0·09; 51Cr-EDTA 0·169 v. 0·111/h; P > 0·05).It was concluded that cannulation did not affect intake and digestion characteristics in these young lambs. The changes in the site of nutrient digestion as the animals aged may have been due to agerelated changes in digestive function but appeared to be associated with the increase in intake that occurred between measurement periods of the cannulated lambs.

Effect of starch on the utilization by sheep of a straw diet supplemented with urea and minerals

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
JG Mulholland ◽  
JB Coombe ◽  
WR McManus
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Cellulose Digestibility ◽  
Oat Straw ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Body Energy ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

Individually penned Border Leicester x Merino wethers, aged 11 months, were fed ad lib. for 16 weeks on a basal ration of ground, pelleted oat straw, urea and minerals, supplemented with 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 or 40% starch. The diets contained equal percentages of nitrogen and minerals. Dry matter intake reached a maximum of 2000 g/day with 30% starch; above this starch level, digestive disturbances were observed. Organic matter digestibility was increased by the addition of starch, but cellulose digestibility was depressed by as much as 18 units with the addition of 30% starch. Up to 10% the starch level had little effect on cellulose digestibility. Liveweight change was significantly correlated with digestible organic matter intake, mean daily weight gains varying from 22 g with no starch to 104 g with 30% starch. However, a large percentage of the liveweight gain was as total body water, and body energy storage increased appreciably only when the diet contained at least 20% starch. The inclusion of 5% starch slightly depressed both intake and liveweight gain. Daily clean wool production was significantly increased at starch levels higher than 20% and ranged from 5.3 to 7.5 g/day with 0 and 40% starch respectively. Increasing levels of starch had little effect on apparent nitrogen digestibility, but resulted in a substantial increase in nitrogen retention through a reduction in urinary nitrogen excretion. Serum urea levels fell from a mean of 42 mg/100 ml during the first week to 31 mg/100 ml during subsequent periods, with no significant differences between diets. With the general exception of potassium, mineral balances were positive or close to zero throughout the experiment.

Towards Zero Energy Balance in Tertiary Buildings*

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 321-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lluna ◽  
I. Benítez ◽  
J. Monreal ◽  
I. Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Zero Energy

Wartime changes in the winter diet of dairy cows in the Eastern Counties of England

1946 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-225
Author(s):  
G. H. N. Pettit
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Daily Ration ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Modest Increase ◽  
Winter Diet ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Wheat Products

The general characteristics of a group of thirtynine herds of dairy cows in the Eastern Counties of England, and the method of obtaining information about their diet during the winters 1938–9 to 1942–3 inclusive, are briefly described.The first three winters of the war show a continuous decline in starch equivalent and protein equivalent per cow, followed by a recovery during winter 1942–3.Comparing winter 1942–3 with winter 1938–9: Consumption per cow of concentrates declined by one-third, reductions in proprietary compounds and mixtures and in maize and wheat products being outstanding.The more important increases were in oats, straw and succulent foods, notably mangolds, sugar-beet tops and kale.Hay retained its important place with little overall change; a modest increase in silage was restricted to a few herds.The crude weight of the average daily ration increased from 44 to 61 lb., but its dry matter only from 21·0 to 22·6 lb.The residue: total dry matter less digestible organic matter—increased from 7·2 to 8·4 lb. per cow daily. Reference is made to changes in palatability.

Estimates of the energy required for maintenance by adult sheep 2. Grazing sheep

1963 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Langlands ◽  
J. L. Corbett ◽  
I. McDonald ◽  
G. W. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Adult Sheep ◽  
Maintenance Requirement ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Faecal Nitrogen ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

SUMMARYThe mean daily digestible organic matter intake (D) of each of 47 adult sheep during a grazing period of mean length 48 days was estimated by the chromium sesquioxide/faecal nitrogen technique. Mean live-weights (W) and mean daily weight gains (G) were also measured.The regression of D on W and G, and the underlying or functional relationship between D, W and G were both estimated. From the underlying relationship, the preferred equation, the maintenance requirement of a 100 lb. sheep at pasture is estimated to be 1·02 lb. digestible organic matter daily. This value is 24% higher than the corresponding value for housed sheep obtained previously by us.This result is compared with other estimates of the energy cost of grazing and it is concluded that further work is needed in order to define those circumstances which elevate the maintenance requirements of grazing animals.

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