scholarly journals The influence of sex and age on the deposition of L-xyloascorbic acid in tissues of guinea-pigs

1971 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Hughes ◽  
P. R. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Eye Lens ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Oral Supplements

1. Young male and female guinea-pigs of similar age and male guinea-pigs of various ages were given daily oral supplements of vitamin C (L-xyloascorbic acid) (AA) on a body-weight basis for periods of 10–15 d and the resulting concentration of AA in several organs was determined.2. There was no difference between the sexes in the concentrations of AA in the adrenal glands and spleen. The concentration of AA in the spleen, adrenal glands and eye lens was significantly lower in older animals, and in brain it was significantly higher than the corresponding values for the young guinea-pigs.3. The tissue deposition after oral administration of AA for 10 d was compared with that resulting from intramuscular injection of the same quantity of AA over 10 d in males aged 60 d, males aged 500 d and females aged 500 d. In the 60-d-old guinea-pigs intramuscular injection raised the concentration of AA in the spleen and adrenal glands 35% and 50% respectively above that resulting from oral dosing. In the older guinea-pigs (500 d) the corresponding values were 108% and 127% respectively. It is concluded that reduced gastrointestinal absorption is, at least in part, responsible for the low AA concentrations in certain organs from older guinea-pigs. In the 500-d-old guinea-pigs there was no significant difference between the AA levels in the spleen, adrenals and brain of the two sexes, but AA level in the lens of females was significantly lower than that in males, irrespective of the mode of administration of the AA.

The retention of ascorbic acid by guinea-pig tissues

1971 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Hughes ◽  
R. J. Hurley ◽  
P. R. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Aqueous Humour ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Eye Lens ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Isoascorbic Acid ◽  
The Brain

1. Male and female guinea-pigs with high tissue concentrations of L-xyloascorbic acid (ascorbic acid, AA) and male guinea-pigs with high tissue concentrations of D-araboascorbic acid (isoascorbic acid, isoAA) were given a scorbutogenic diet and the rates of depletino from various tissues were measured fro both isomers.2. The loss of AA from the brain and eye lens was considerably less rapid than the loss from the adrenal glands, spleen and aqueous humour. After 14nd on the AA-free diet the AA concentrations in the brain and eye lens were 24 and 27% respectively of the initial concentrations; the corresponding values for the aqueous humour, adrenal glands and spleen were 3,4 and 5%. There was no apparent sex difference in the rate of loss of AA.3. The loss of isoAA was much more rapid than that of AA in the spleen, adrenal glands and aqueous humour; in the brain and eye lens the depletion patterns of the two isomers were similar.

scholarly journals Inter-Limb Jump Asymmetries and Their Association with Sport-Specific Performance in Young Male and Female Swimmers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7324
Author(s):  
Max I. Phukan ◽  
Rohit K. Thapa ◽  
Gopal Kumar ◽  
Chris Bishop ◽  
Helmi Chaabene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Front Crawl ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Specific Performance ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Level Of Agreement

This study aimed to examine inter-limb jump asymmetries and their association with sport-specific performance in young swimmers. Thirty-eight (male, n = 19; female, n = 19) regional/national level young swimmers (age: 12.3 ± 1.2 years; height: 159.6 ± 8.2 cm; body mass: 52.5 ± 9.2 kg) participated in this study. Inter-limb asymmetries were assessed for single-leg countermovement jump (SLCMJ) and single-leg standing long jump (SLSLJ). Sport-specific performance was evaluated using front crawl (i.e., 50 m and 25 m) and front crawl kick (i.e., 50 m and 25 m). The kappa coefficient revealed a “slight” level of agreement (Κ = 0.156, 0.184, and 0.197 for female, male, and all, respectively) between the direction of asymmetry for SLCMJ and SLSLJ, indicating that asymmetries rarely favored the same limb during both tests. A paired sample t-test showed a significant difference (p = 0.025) between asymmetry scores obtained in SLCMJ and SLSLJ. No significant difference was found in asymmetry scores between males and females (p = 0.099 to 0.977). Additionally, no association between asymmetry scores and sport-specific performance was observed (p > 0.05). Our findings highlight the independent nature of inter-limb asymmetries derived from SLCMJ and SLSLJ among young male and female swimmers. Further, our results suggest no association between jumping asymmetries and sport-specific performance.

scholarly journals The Composition of the Blood of the Shore Crab, Carcinus Moenas Pennant, in Relation to Sex and Body Size

1959 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
A. B. GILBERT
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Shore Crab ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Blood Conductivity ◽  
Significant Difference

1. The influence of body size and sex on the total osmotic pressure (O.P.) and blood conductivity of the shore crab was investigated. 2. In both sexes the O.P. fell steadily as body weight increased. 3. At any body weight the O.P. of the blood of male crabs was significantly higher that that of females. 4. Blood conductivity increased in both sexes until a maximum was reached at a weight of about 35 g. Thereafter the conductivity fell as the weight increased. 5. There was no significant difference in blood conductivity between male and female crabs below 35 g. body weight. Above 35 g. the conductivity of males was significantly higher than that of females.

CHANGES IN THE CONCENTRATIONS OF CORTISOL AND CORTICOSTERONE IN THE PLASMA AND ADRENAL GLANDS OF THE GUINEA-PIG FROM BIRTH TO WEANING

1974 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. DALLE ◽  
P. DELOST
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Steady Level ◽  
Very High

SUMMARY Concentrations of cortisol and corticosterone in the plasma and adrenal glands of male and female guinea-pigs were estimated throughout the first postnatal day and thereafter at intervals up to 3 weeks of age. In the guinea-pig, the basal level of cortisol secretion is established more slowly than in other species. The concentration of plasma cortisol is very high at birth, with a marked fall between days 1 and 10 post partum and then a steady level from day 10 to 20, the time of weaning. At day 10 the values for plasma cortisol and corticosterone approach the lower ones found in the adult. There were peaks in the amounts of corticosteroids found in the adrenal gland at 50 h, 4 and 7 days and these may have been due to increased hormonal synthesis between days 2 and 8.

Ototoxicity of Kanamycin Sulfate and the Barriers in the Inner Ear

1981 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 1013-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shizuo Komune ◽  
James B. Snow
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Stria Vascularis ◽  
Systemic Administration ◽  
Kanamycin Sulfate ◽  
Dc Potential ◽  
Endolymphatic Space

The effect of kanamycin sulfate administered by three routes on the function of the stria vascularis was monitored electrophysiologically in guinea pigs. The three routes were intramuscular injection, perilymphatic perfusion, or endolymphatic perfusion. Neither systemic administration of 500 mg/kg of body weight per day for 7 to 12 days nor perilymphatic perfusion of 10-3 M kanamycin affected the endocochlear dc potential (EP). However, with perfusion of kanamycin 10-3 in the endolymphatic space, the EP declined severely. Moreover, the decline in the EP was greater with higher concentrations of kanamycin in the endolymphatic perfusate. Furosemide given by each of the three routes produced an approximately equal decrease in the EP. The effects of kanamycin on the cells of the stria vascularis and the evidence for the perilymphatic-endolymphatic and blood-cochlear barriers are discussed.

scholarly journals Milchaufnahme und Wachstumsleistung von Saugkälbern der Deutschen Rotbunten und der Deutschen Schwarzbunten im alten Typ während der Winterstallhaltung Einflüsse durch das Geschlecht und das Alter des Kalbes

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
M. Steinhardt ◽  
H.-H. Thielscher
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Weight Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Body Weight Difference ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
Milk Ingestion

Abstract. Title of the paper: Milk ingestion and growth performance of suckler calves born during winter stalling from German Red and White breed and from old type German Black and White breed in a cow-calf operation On 14 calves from German Red and White breed and on 17 calves from old type German Black and White breed in a cow-calf operation measurements of body weight were done repeatedly during growth after separating the calves from the dams for 150 min and than again after the calves had contacted the dams for 60 min. Measurements took place always at the same daytime. Milk ingestion of calves was assessed by way of body weight difference method. Acute body weight difference varied markedly between calves and increased with age. The fraction of positive weight difference of all measurements was between 60 % and 86,2 % (male 60 % and 86,2 %; female 67,6 % and 80,6 %) in DRB breed and between 69,1 % and 89,3 % (male 72,9 % and 89,3 %; female 69,1 % and 82,6 %) in DSB breed. Means of all measurements showed a significant difference of acute positive body weight change and of growth rate between breeds and sexes. Mean acute positive body weight changes developed with life age and body growth with different degree in male and female calves. Growth rate of calves showed greater inter- and intraindividual variation from 1 to 10 days of life age. Differences in growth rate between male and female calves were more profound in DRB breed than in DSB breed.

Effects of corticotropin-releasing factor on energy balance in rats are sex dependent

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (6) ◽  
pp. R1417-R1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rivest ◽  
Y. Deshaies ◽  
D. Richard
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Factor ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Significant Difference

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a chronic intracerebroventricular administration of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) on energy balance of male and female rats. One week after their delivery to the laboratory, both male and female rats were divided into two groups. One group in each sex was treated with human/rat CRF, while another group was infused with the vehicle. Chronic administration of CRF was accomplished by means of miniosmotic pumps connected to a cannula that was stereotaxically directed into the third ventricle. Food intake and body weight were measured each day during the study. After 14 days of treatment, the rats were killed by decapitation. Energy, fat, and protein contents of the carcasses were quantified. Serum testosterone and estradiol were assayed in males and females, respectively. Administration of CRF significantly reduced body weight gain and food intake in male rats. No significant difference in those variables was observed between female rats treated with CRF and their controls infused with saline. Similarly, metabolizable energy intake and body energy gain were reduced in male rats infused with CRF, whereas no difference was observed between female animals treated with CRF and those infused with saline. In male rats, body fat and body protein contents were lower in CRF-treated than in saline-infused rats. In female rats, CRF did not affect body composition. Serum testosterone in male rats and serum estradiol in female animals were reduced after chronic infusion of CRF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Emesis in the Shrew Mouse (Suncus murinus) Induced by Peroral and Intraperitoneal Administration of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 1350-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
DONG-LIANG HU ◽  
KATSUHIKO OMOE ◽  
HIDEAKI SHIMURA ◽  
KATSUHIKO ONO ◽  
SHUNJI SUGII ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin ◽  
Peroral Administration ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A ◽  
Suncus Murinus ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Suitable Animal Model

Peroral and intraperitoneal administration of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) to Suncus murinus elicited an emetic response. The 50% emetic dose of SEA by peroral administration was found to be 32 μg per kg of body weight, whereas that by intraperitoneal administration was 3 μg per kg. Multiple emetic responses occurred 70 to 108 min after peroral administration of an emetic dose of SEA. Similar responses occurred 65 to 102 min after intraperitoneal injection of an emetic dose of SEA. No significant difference in vomiting was observed between male and female animals. Anti-SEA serum neutralized SEA-induced emesis in S. murinus. These findings indicate that S. murinus may serve as a suitable animal model to study the enterotoxigenicity of SEA.

GROWTH IN THE YOUNG HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED GUINEA-PIG

1960 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
BARBARA E. CLAYTON ◽  
JANET M. WORDEN
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Insulin Hypersensitivity

SUMMARY 1. Following hypophysectomy, young female guinea-pigs showed an initial fall in body weight followed by a steady increase for many months, although the mean growth curve never reached that of intact guinea-pigs. There was proportionately more growth in length than in body weight. 2. After hypophysectomy the adrenal glands did not increase in weight when the animals grew. The concentration of ascorbic acid in the adrenals was unchanged by hypophysectomy. 3. After hypophysectomy the thyroid glands showed a smaller increase in weight than in intact guinea-pigs. 4. Closure of the epiphyses was usually delayed by hypophysectomy. 5. In relation to body weight the abdominal fat pads were smaller in hypophysectomized than in intact guinea-pigs. The carcass contained a slightly increased percentage of total nitrogen but the percentages of fat and carbohydrate were not significantly different from those of intact guinea-pigs. 6. Although the absolute weights of the livers were less in hypophysectomized guinea-pigs compared with intact ones, their relative weights were the same. Hypophysectomy resulted in an increased percentage in the fat content of the liver, and no change in the percentages of carbohydrate or total nitrogen. 7. Hypophysectomized guinea-pigs showed insulin hypersensitivity for at least 5 weeks after operation, although it was reduced by the administration of cortisol. Three months after hypophysectomy this increased sensitivity was lost.

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