The retention of ascorbic acid by guinea-pig tissues

1971 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Hughes ◽  
R. J. Hurley ◽  
P. R. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Aqueous Humour ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Eye Lens ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Isoascorbic Acid ◽  
The Brain

1. Male and female guinea-pigs with high tissue concentrations of L-xyloascorbic acid (ascorbic acid, AA) and male guinea-pigs with high tissue concentrations of D-araboascorbic acid (isoascorbic acid, isoAA) were given a scorbutogenic diet and the rates of depletino from various tissues were measured fro both isomers.2. The loss of AA from the brain and eye lens was considerably less rapid than the loss from the adrenal glands, spleen and aqueous humour. After 14nd on the AA-free diet the AA concentrations in the brain and eye lens were 24 and 27% respectively of the initial concentrations; the corresponding values for the aqueous humour, adrenal glands and spleen were 3,4 and 5%. There was no apparent sex difference in the rate of loss of AA.3. The loss of isoAA was much more rapid than that of AA in the spleen, adrenal glands and aqueous humour; in the brain and eye lens the depletion patterns of the two isomers were similar.

CHANGES IN THE CONCENTRATIONS OF CORTISOL AND CORTICOSTERONE IN THE PLASMA AND ADRENAL GLANDS OF THE GUINEA-PIG FROM BIRTH TO WEANING

1974 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. DALLE ◽  
P. DELOST
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Steady Level ◽  
Very High

SUMMARY Concentrations of cortisol and corticosterone in the plasma and adrenal glands of male and female guinea-pigs were estimated throughout the first postnatal day and thereafter at intervals up to 3 weeks of age. In the guinea-pig, the basal level of cortisol secretion is established more slowly than in other species. The concentration of plasma cortisol is very high at birth, with a marked fall between days 1 and 10 post partum and then a steady level from day 10 to 20, the time of weaning. At day 10 the values for plasma cortisol and corticosterone approach the lower ones found in the adult. There were peaks in the amounts of corticosteroids found in the adrenal gland at 50 h, 4 and 7 days and these may have been due to increased hormonal synthesis between days 2 and 8.

Differential determination of D-isoascorbic acid and L-ascorbic acid in guinea pig organs

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer Pelletier
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Synthetic Diet ◽  
Isoascorbic Acid

To test the theory that D-isoascorbic acid (IAA) was not retained by the organs of animals, guinea pigs were fed a synthetic diet containing ascorbic acid (AA) plus IAA. The incorporation of IAA and AA was determined by making use of the different rates of osazone formation of oxidized AA and IAA with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. It was found that the organs of the guinea pigs retained a significant quantity of IAA which replaced a corresponding quantity of AA. The incorporated IAA could, in turn, be replaced by AA when only AA was subsequently given in the diet.

scholarly journals The influence of sex and age on the deposition of L-xyloascorbic acid in tissues of guinea-pigs

1971 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Hughes ◽  
P. R. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Eye Lens ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Oral Supplements

1. Young male and female guinea-pigs of similar age and male guinea-pigs of various ages were given daily oral supplements of vitamin C (L-xyloascorbic acid) (AA) on a body-weight basis for periods of 10–15 d and the resulting concentration of AA in several organs was determined.2. There was no difference between the sexes in the concentrations of AA in the adrenal glands and spleen. The concentration of AA in the spleen, adrenal glands and eye lens was significantly lower in older animals, and in brain it was significantly higher than the corresponding values for the young guinea-pigs.3. The tissue deposition after oral administration of AA for 10 d was compared with that resulting from intramuscular injection of the same quantity of AA over 10 d in males aged 60 d, males aged 500 d and females aged 500 d. In the 60-d-old guinea-pigs intramuscular injection raised the concentration of AA in the spleen and adrenal glands 35% and 50% respectively above that resulting from oral dosing. In the older guinea-pigs (500 d) the corresponding values were 108% and 127% respectively. It is concluded that reduced gastrointestinal absorption is, at least in part, responsible for the low AA concentrations in certain organs from older guinea-pigs. In the 500-d-old guinea-pigs there was no significant difference between the AA levels in the spleen, adrenals and brain of the two sexes, but AA level in the lens of females was significantly lower than that in males, irrespective of the mode of administration of the AA.

EFFECTS OF OESTROGENS AND ACTH ON THE ADRENALS OF THE GUINEA-PIG COMPARED WITH THOSE IN THE RAT

1959 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
BARBARA E. CLAYTON ◽  
JOYCE E. HAMMANT
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone ◽  
Significant Fall

SUMMARY 1. In female guinea-pigs the total cholesterol in the adrenal glands was significantly depressed by stilboestrol (SB). Oestradiol (Oe) did not produce a significant fall in adrenal cholesterol, and the levels in the serum and liver were unchanged by either treatment. 2. The effects of SB and Oe have been compared in the guinea-pig and rat. (a) In both species adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) caused a fall in adrenal ascorbic acid. In the rat, but not in the guinea-pig, there was also a fall after treatment with SB and Oe. (b) In the rat SB caused severe morphological changes in the adrenal glands and great depletion of their lipid content. By contrast, in the guinea-pig, even using five times the dose given to the rat, morphological changes in the adrenals were minimal and there was little depletion of fat. (c) Oe did not produce marked morphological changes in either species, but it caused great depletion of fat in the adrenal glands of the rat, and, by contrast, only a little depletion in the guinea-pig. (d) No severe changes were observed in the livers and kidneys in either species following treatment with ACTH, SB or Oe. These experiments emphasize the large differences in the response of these two species to treatment with oestrogens.

Vitamin C activity of D-isoascorbic acid for the guinea pig

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 985-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer Pelletier ◽  
Claude Godin
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Synthetic Diet ◽  
Isoascorbic Acid

Guinea pigs fed with a synthetic diet or a rabbit ration were depleted of vitamin C for 17 days. The scorbutic animals were treated daily during 2 months with 40 mg D-isoascorbic acid (IAA) or 2 mg L-ascorbic acid (AA). Both isomers restored the growth of the animals and caused the disappearance of scorbutic symptoms. For 3 weeks, the two diets gave similar response, after which the animals fed with the rabbit ration grew much less. Animals given IAA ate less and had smaller weight gains than those given AA; this effect was overcome by pair-feeding. Only a small proportion of administered IAA was recovered in the organs and in the urine. The total ascorbic acid content (AA and IAA) of the IAA-treated animals was less than that of the AA-treated animals. The low AA content of the organs of the IAA-treated animals indicated that IAA had no significant sparing action on AA.

scholarly journals The uptake of D-araboascorbic acid (D-isoascorbic acid) by guinea-pig tissues

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Hughes ◽  
R. J. Hurley
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Paper Chromatography ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
No Conversion ◽  
Isoascorbic Acid ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
Oral Supplement

1. Guinea-pigs on a low, controlled intake of ascorbic acid (0.3 mg/100 g body-weight) were given daily an oral supplement of L-ascorbic acid (AA) or of D-isoascorbic acid (isoAA) (both 1.5 mg/100 g body-weight). The AA was deposited in the tissues, the isoAA was not.2. Intramuscularly administered isoAA was deposited in the tissues but not to the same extent as equivalent amounts of intramuscularly administered AA.3. Paper chromatography confirmed that intramuscularly administered isoAA was deposited in the tissues as isoAA, i.e. there was no conversion into AA.4. It is concluded that in guinea-pigs (a)AA is absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract much more readily than isoAA and (b)AA is either more readily abstracted from the blood or is more readily retained by the tissues or both, than is isoAA.

scholarly journals Distribution of vitamin C is tissue specific with early saturation of the brain and adrenal glands following differential oral dose regimens in guinea pigs

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (10) ◽  
pp. 1539-1549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stine Hasselholt ◽  
Pernille Tveden-Nyborg ◽  
Jens Lykkesfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Hill Equation ◽  
Distribution Kinetics ◽  
The World ◽  
Dose Concentration ◽  
The Brain

Vitamin C (VitC) deficiency is surprisingly common in humans even in developed parts of the world. The micronutrient has several established functions in the brain; however, the consequences of its deficiency are not well characterised. To elucidate the effects of VitC deficiency on the brain, increased knowledge about the distribution of VitC to the brain and within different brain regions after varying dietary concentrations is needed. In the present study, guinea pigs (like humans lacking the ability to synthesise VitC) were randomly divided into six groups (n 10) that received different concentrations of VitC ranging from 100 to 1500 mg/kg feed for 8 weeks, after which VitC concentrations in biological fluids and tissues were measured using HPLC. The distribution of VitC was found to be dynamic and dependent on dietary availability. Brain saturation was region specific, occurred at low dietary doses, and the dose–concentration relationship could be approximated with a three-parameter Hill equation. The correlation between plasma and brain concentrations of VitC was moderate compared with other organs, and during non-scorbutic VitC deficiency, the brain was able to maintain concentrations from about one-quarter to half of sufficient levels depending on the region, whereas concentrations in other tissues decreased to one-sixth or less. The adrenal glands have similar characteristics to the brain. The observed distribution kinetics with a low dietary dose needed for saturation and exceptional retention ability suggest that the brain and adrenal glands are high priority tissues with regard to the distribution of VitC.

In vitro uptake of ascorbic acid by the guinea pig eye lens

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.E. Hughes ◽  
R.J. Hurley
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Eye Lens ◽  
In Vitro Uptake

scholarly journals Vitamin C status, serum cholesterol levels and bile composition in the pregnant guinea-pig

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Biliary Secretion ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

1. Pregnant guinea-pigs receiving a low dose of L-ascorbic acid (0.2 mg/100 g body-weight per d) developed a hypercholesterolaemia in the third trimester of pregnancy, whereas no change in serum cholesterol levels was observed in pregnant animals receiving a higher dose of the vitamin (2 mg/100 g body-weight per d).2. Pregnancy in the group of guinea-pigs receiving the higher dose of L-ascorbic acid was associated with an increased biliary secretion of bile acids. No change was observed in the biliary secretion of bile acids in pregnant animals receiving the lower dose of L-ascorbic acid, but these animals secreted significantly more cholesterol.3. Changes in the biliary secretion of cholesterol and bile acids in the pregnant guinea-pig according to L-ascorbic acid intake were reflected in the composition of the gall-bladder bile. Thus, the gall-bladder bile of guinea-pigs receiving the lower dose of L-ascorbic acid contained more cholesterol, while the gall-bladder bile of those animals receiving the higher dose of the vitamin had a higher content of bile acids.4. The increased cholesterol content of the gall-bladder of pregnant guinea-pigs receiving the lower dose of L-ascorbic acid resulted in decreased bile acid:cholesterol and phospholipid: cholesterol values, conditions predisposing to cholelithiasis.

Transfer of D-isoascorbic acid and L-ascorbic acid into guinea pig eyes

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Linnér ◽  
Karin Nordström
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Isoascorbic Acid
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