scholarly journals Serum enzyme changes, muscular dystrophy and erythrocyte abnormalities in lambs fed on diets containing cod-liver oil and maize oil, and the therapeutic effect of vitamin E

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Serum Enzymes ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Aspartate Transaminase ◽  
Cod Liver Oil ◽  
Serum Enzyme ◽  
Maize Oil

1. Lambs fed on skim milk containing either maize oil or cod-liver oil or both were observed for signs of muscular dystrophy, changes in serum enzymes and increases in the susceptibility of red cells to haemolysis by peroxide (peroxide haemolysis).2. Four lambs fed on the milk containing cod-liver oil, and not receiving α-tocopheryl acetate injections, developed acute muscular dystrophy, but no abnormal changes occurred in peroxide haemolysis, packed cell volume or haemoglobin concentration in the blood. Marked increases occurred in the aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and glutamate dehydrogenase, and in lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme activities of the serum, presumably due to leakage from the degenerating tissues. One lamb given weekly injections of 100 mg α-tocopheryl acetate remained clinically normal and maintained normal serum enzyme levels. Treatment of dystrophic animals with 200 mg α-tocopheryl acetate by injection produced prompt clinical recovery and an exponential decline in the raised serum enzyme activities.3. In the five lambs fed on the skim-milk containing maize oil, muscular dystrophy did not occur. Small but significant increases occurred, however, in serum aspartate transaminase and glutamate dehydrogenase activities. In all five animals peroxide haemolysis was greatly increased, but in only two did packed cell volume and haemoglobin values fall slightly below the lower limit of normal (mean − 2 × SD). Injections of 100–200 mg α-tocopheryl acetate neither prevented nor cured the abnormally high levels of serum enzymes and peroxide haemolysis, although a change in the diet was followed by a gradual return to normal. In one lamb given massive doses of α-tocopherol by mouth, peroxide haemolysis was not reduced. Large amounts of α-tocopherol added in vitro to erythrocytes from the lamb did, however, prevent peroxide haemolysis.4. Peroxide haemolysis did not increase in any of three lambs fed on skim milk containing both maize oil and cod-liver oil, although two of them, which were given much larger amounts of cod-liver oil than the third, developed muscular dystrophy with elevated serum enzyme levels.5. Peroxide haemolysis in lambs is evidently not a measure of vitamin E deficiency. It is suggested that increased peroxide haemolysis in lambs, like encephalomalacia in chicks, depends on the fatty acid composition of the unsaturated lipids in the diet.

scholarly journals On the relationship between vitamin A and vitamin E in the rat

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Cawthorne ◽  
J. Bunyan ◽  
A. T. Diplock ◽  
Elspeth A. Murrell ◽  
J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Cod Liver Oil ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
The Relationship

1. The effect of vitamin E on the metabolism, utilization and storage of vitamin A has been studied in the rat.2. Male weanling rats were given a vitamin A-deficient, vitamin E-deficient diet until growth had ceased for 3 days, and each rat was then given 50 i.u. vitamin A palmitate. The rats were divided into four groups and given the diet with the addition of 10% methyl oleate or 10% cod-liver oil methyl esters, or either of these diets supplemented with 100 ppm D-α-tocopheryl acetate. There was no increase in maximum weight-gain response in the two groups given vitamin E. There was a significantly lower weight-gain response in the groups given cod-liver oil methyl esters. This effect was not influenced by the presence of vitamin E in the diet.3. Weanling rats of both sexes were made deficient in vitamins A and E and then divided into two groups. One group received, every other day, 1·75 i.u. vitamin A palmitate and 0·6 mg D-α-tocopherol given together; the second group received the two vitamins, in the same amounts, on alternate days. After 28 days there was no difference in the growth of the two groups of rats, irrespective of sex.4. Vitamin A-depleted, vitamin E-deficient rats were given 17·51 μg ‘14C-carbinol’retinyl acetate and then a vitamin A-deficient, vitamin E-deficient diet or that diet supplemented with 100 ppm D-α-tocopheryl acetate. After 6 days, the total remaining ‘14C’retinol and its lipidsoluble metabolites were measured in the carcasses of the rats. Vitamin E administration did not affect the metabolism of the vitamin A dose or its effect on growth.5. Vitamin E-deficient rats were given vitamin A until their liver reserves exceeded 30000 i.u. and were then divided into two groups. One group received a diet deficient in vitamins A and E and the other received, in addition to this diet, a weekly oral supplement of 1 mg D-α-tocopheryl acetate. The vitamin E supplement significantly decreased the rate of vitamin A depletion from the liver during the next 6 weeks. This effect, which was not found to occur when the initial liver reserves were only 3000 i.u., suggests a role for vitamin E in connexion with the capacity of the liver to bind vitamin A.6. The relationship between vitamin A and vitamin E in vivo cannot, in the light of these results, be regarded as that between an antioxidant and a peroxidizable substrate.

scholarly journals Serum Enzyme Profiles Differentiate Five Types of Muscular Dystrophy

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuling Zhu ◽  
Huili Zhang ◽  
Yiming Sun ◽  
Yaqin Li ◽  
Langhui Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Serum Enzymes ◽  
Discriminant Functions ◽  
Serum Enzyme

Background.Differentiation among types of muscular dystrophy (MD) has remained challenging. In this retrospective study, we sought to develop a methodology for differentiation of MD types using analysis of serum enzyme profiles.Methods.The serum levels of enzymes from 232 patients, including 120 with DMD, 36 with BMD, 36 with FSHD, 46 with LGMD, and 11 with EDMD, were evaluated.Results.The characteristic profiles of serum enzymes facilitated differentiation of these five types of MD. DMD was characterized by simultaneous elevation of ALT, AST, LDH, and ALP; BMD and LGMD were characterized by elevation of ALT, AST, and LDH; and FSHD and EDMD were characterized by a lack of abnormal serum enzyme levels. We further developed discriminant functions to distinguish BMD and LGMD. For LGMD, LGMD2B patients had significantly higher ALP levels than non-LGMD2B patients (98±59 U/L versus45±9 U/L, resp.,p<0.05).Conclusions.Our approach enabled the determination of MD subtypes using serum enzyme profiles prior to genetic testing, which will increase the chance a mutation will be found in the first gene analyzed.

scholarly journals Beneficial and ineffective levels of selenium for growth and muscular dystrophy

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. D. Desai
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Vitamine E

1. The effectiveness of supplementing a vitamin E-deficient basal diet with levels from 0 to 20 ppm of selenium as sodium selenite, alone and in combination with graded levels of L-cystine, sodium sulphate, L-serine and vitamine E, has been studied in chicks from 1 day of age to 4 weeks. Supplementation with Se at levels up to 1 ppm had maximum beneficial effects on growth and prevention of muscular dystrophy. Levels of Se above 1 ppm were progressively less effective, and, in chicks given supplements of 20 ppm Se, growth and muscular dystrophy were depressed to that found with chicks given the basal diet.2. Supplementation with L-cystine (0.08% and 0.16%) in combination with Se up to 1 ppm was beneficial, but this effect was progressively suppressed as the amount of Se was increased beyond this level. Supplementation with sodium sulphate (0.08% and 0.16%) or L-serine (0.08% and 0.16%) instead of L-cystine had no influence on the effectiveness of Se at any level of the latter tested.3. The effectiveness of dietary D-α-tocopheryl acetate, up to 20 mg/kg, for growth and in the prevention of muscular dystrophy was improved by Se at levels up to 1 ppm. Its effectiveness was then progressively reduced as the amount of Se was increased above 1 ppm.4. It appears that Se at low levels spares L-cystine and vitamin E in the chick, whereas at high levels it increases their requirement for growth and prevention of muscular dystrophy.

Vitamin E, Cod Liver Oil and Muscular Dystrophy

1942 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 625-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Mattill ◽  
Calvin Golumbic
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Cod Liver Oil

scholarly journals Phospholipids in artificially induced muscular dystrophy of calves

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritva Poukka Evarts ◽  
Aili Oksanen
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Phosphatidyl Choline ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Electron Microscopical ◽  
Maize Oil

1. Phospholipds were studied in the heart muscles, skeletal muscles and livers of seven Ayrshire calves which received vitamin E-free maize oil (in filled milk) with and without supplementary α-tocopherol from 1 week old for 17 d. The calves that were not given vitamin E developed muscular dystrophy.2. Decreased amounts of cardiolipin and increased amounts of sphingomyelin were found in the skeletal muscles of vitamin E-deficient calves. There was a significant decrease of phosphatidyl choline in the livers of vitamin E-deficient calves.3. The decrease in cardiolipin concentration confirmed the electron-microscopical picture (reported elsewhere) of preferential destruction of mitochondria in muscular dystrophy of calves.

Simultaneous liquid-chromatographic determination of vitamin K1 and vitamin E in serum.

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 2285-2289 ◽  
Author(s):  
B E Cham ◽  
H P Roeser ◽  
T W Kamst
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Vitamin K1 ◽  
Chromatographic Procedure ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract We describe a high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure for the simultaneous measurement of vitamins K1 and E in human serum. Delipidated human serum (free of vitamins K1 and E) was used to make standard solutions of these vitamins, and cetyl naphthoate and alpha-tocopheryl acetate were the internal standards for vitamin K1 and vitamin E, respectively. A simple, novel separation method utilizing liquid-liquid partition chromatography was used as a preparative "clean-up" procedure. Cetyl naphthoate and vitamin K1 (after post-column reduction) were detected by fluorescence, alpha-tocopheryl acetate and vitamin E by ultraviolet absorption. Sensitivity (detection limit) of the assay was 30 pg for vitamin K1 and 5 ng for vitamin E per injection. The method is specific, precise, and more rapid than previously described procedures. Within- and between-assay CVs were 8.1% and 12.9%, respectively, for vitamin K1; 3.5% and 6.0%, respectively, for vitamin E. Analytical recoveries of vitamins K1 and E were 80% and 93%, respectively, from serum and from delipidated serum (standards). The average neonatal serum concentration of vitamin K1 was 83 ng/L, 2.5 mg/L for vitamin E; for normolipidemic adults, the values were 343 ng/L and 7.9 mg/L, respectively, and for hyperlipidemic adults, 541 ng/L and 11.1 mg/L, respectively.

Retrolental Fibroplasia: Further Clinical Evidence and Ultrastructural Support for Efficacy of Vitamin E in the Preterm Infant

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Mintz Hittner ◽  
Louis B. Godio ◽  
Michael E. Speer ◽  
Arnold J. Rudolph ◽  
Martha M. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Gap Junction ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Retrolental Fibroplasia ◽  
Spindle Cells

To further evaluate the efficacy of oral vitamin E in preventing the development of severe retrolental fibroplasia (RLF) in very low-birth-weight infants, 100 infants treated with 100 mg/kg/d of vitamin E (dl-α-tocopheryl acetate) were compared with 75 infants treated with 5 mg/kg/d of vitamin E (dl-α-tocopherol) in the same nursery during the previous year. All 175 infants weighed ≤1,500 g at birth and required supplemental oxygen. A total of 120 infants (69 treatment; 51 control) survived ≥ 10 weeks. Multivariate analysis of the control population identified five risk factors (P ≤ .10): gestational age, level and duration of oxygen administration, intraventricular hemorrhage, sepsis, and birth weight. When multivariate analysis was applied to both control and treatment groups, the severity of RLF was found to be significantly reduced in infants given the treatment dose of vitamin E(P = .003). Ultrastructural analyses of 58 pairs of whole-eye donations from high-risk infants surviving less than 10 weeks suggest that the initial morphologic event is gap junction increases between the plasma membranes of adjacent spindle cells of the vanguard retina. Such extensively gap junction-linked spindle cells are apparently removed from the vasoformative process as early as 4 days of life, forming a barrier to further normal vascular development and triggering retinal and vitreal neovascularizations approximately 8 weeks later. These events are maximally suppressed by elevated plasma vitamin E levels in infants ≥27 weeks gestational age.

scholarly journals Serum Enzymes in Carriers of Muscular Dystrophy

BMJ ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 2 (5310) ◽  
pp. 963-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Serum Enzymes
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