scholarly journals Blood copper as an indicator of copper status with a note on serum proteins and leucocyte counts in copper-deficient rats

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. E. Dreosti ◽  
G. V. Quicke
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Copper Content ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Quantitative Difference ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes ◽  
Copper Status ◽  
Plasma Copper ◽  
Individual Farm

1. Albumin, α1-, α2-, β- and γ-globulin fractions were demonstrated in serum from control and copper-depleted rats, but no quantitative difference was found in the distribution of the proteins between the two groups of animals. Both the total number of leucocytes and the number of polymorphonuclear leucocytes increased during copper depletion.2. Plasma copper content was found to be superior to whole blood copper content as an index of the copper status of rats at intermediate stages of depletion. The copper content of erythrocytes was found to be unaffected even in the severely depleted animals; this explains, in part, the poor response of whole blood copper content to intermediate stages of depletion.3. A single dose of orally administered copper was reflected in the plasma copper content of depleted rats about 12 h after dosing. No similar rise was observed in control animals, and the extent of the response was not increased by increasing the dose of copper.4. It is suggested that plasma copper response to a single oral dose of copper sulphate may provide a useful method for the detection of subnormal copper status in individual farm animals without the necessity of determining breed norms.

Serum Copper Level and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Qingtao Jiang ◽  
Feng Zhang ◽  
Lei Han ◽  
Baoli Zhu ◽  
Xin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Serum Copper ◽  
Copper Level ◽  
Serum Copper Level ◽  
Copper Status ◽  
Plasma Copper ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The association of serum copper with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) has been studied for years, but no definite conclusion is drawn. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate serum copper concentrations in PCOS subjects compared with healthy controls. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Electronic search was performed in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus up to June 30, 2020, without any restriction. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with corresponding 95% CIs in serum copper levels were employed with random-effects model. <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> was applied to evaluate heterogeneity among studies. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Nine studies, measuring plasma copper levels in 1,168 PCOS patients and 1,106 controls, were included. Pooled effect size suggested serum copper level was significantly higher in women with PCOS (SMD = 0.51 μg/mL, 95% CI = [0.30, 0.72], <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.0001). The overall heterogeneity was not connected with subgroups of the country, but derived from the opposite result of 1 study. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our research generally indicated circulating copper level in PCOS sufferers was significantly higher than normal controls. Large-scale studies are still needed to elucidate the clear relation between copper status and etiology of PCOS.

Changes in plasma zinc content after exercise in men fed a low-zinc diet

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (1) ◽  
pp. E88-E93 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Lukaski ◽  
W. W. Bolonchuk ◽  
L. M. Klevay ◽  
D. B. Milne ◽  
H. H. Sandstead
Keyword(s):  
Copper Content ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Plasma Zinc ◽  
Zinc Depletion ◽  
Plasma Copper ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Zinc Repletion ◽  
Zinc Balance

For 30 days five healthy men aged 23-57 yr consumed a diet adequate in zinc (8.6 mg/day); they ate a low-zinc diet (3.6 mg/day) for the next 120 days and then received a zinc-supplemented (33.6 mg/day) diet for 30 days. Copper intake was constant at 1.8 mg/day. Aerobic capacity was determined periodically during each diet period. Relative zinc balance (% of control) declined during depletion (r = -0.28, P less than 0.009). Pre- and postexercise zinc concentrations decreased when dietary zinc was restricted (r = -0.61, P less than 0.0001 and r = -0.78, P less than 0.0001) and increased with supplementation (r = 0.61, P less than 0.008 and r = 0.76, P less than 0.0003, respectively). Both plasma zinc and hematocrit increased (P less than 0.01) after maximal exercise. To minimize the effect of hemoconcentration during exercise, the van Beaumont quotient (J. Appl. Physiol. 34: 102-106, 1973) was calculated using pre- and postexercise hematocrit and plasma zinc. The initial quotient of 1.8 +/- 1.8% (mean +/- SE) declined (P less than 0.05) to -7.4 +/- 2.3% during depletion. With zinc repletion, the quotient increased to 6.9 +/- 3.6%, which was greater (P less than 0.05) than the quotient in depletion but similar to the initial quotient. The quotient was a strong predictor (r = 0.71, P less than 0.0005) of the change in relative zinc balance during zinc depletion. In contrast, no changes were found in plasma copper content. These data suggest that zinc mobilization from tissues is impaired during zinc depletion, and they validate the use of the van Beaumont quotient as an index of change in body zinc stores.

Parasitic gastro-enteritis and its effect on the blood and liver copper levels of dairy calves

1959 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 471 ◽  
Author(s):  
KC Bremner
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Severe Anaemia ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Liver Copper ◽  
Plasma Copper ◽  
Parasitic Gastroenteritis

Experiments were performed to determine the effect of parasitic gastroenteritis on copper levels in the blood and liver of Australian Illawarra Shorthorn dairy calves. In two trials with calves heavily infested with Haemonchus placeii (Place) Ransom, Bunostomum phlebotomum Railliet, Oesophagostomum radiatum (Rudolphi), and CooperiaA spp., severe anaemia and hypoproteinaemia resulted. Liver copper levels of the infested calves were depressed, n-hereas those of wormfree controls either rose or remained relatively constant. The degree of depression appeared to be related to the magnitude of infestations. While slight falls in liver copper levels of worm-free calves could be induced by daily withdrawal of large volumes of blood, these falls were not of the same magnitude as those produced by trichostrongyle parasites. In a third experiment calves were infested with B. phlebotomum only, and it was demonstrated that following the administration of a known amount of copper sulphate by ruminal injection, significantly less copper was taken up and stored in the liver by parasitized calves than by worm-free controls. Indications were obtained that whole blood and plasma copper levels mere depressed by infestations in which B. phlebotomum predominated, but plasma copper concentrations were unaffected by chronic phlebotomy or by heavy infestations in which H. placei predominated. It was found necessary to withdraw a total of 27.5 I. of blood over a period of 19 weeks from worm-free calves in order to produce changes in their haemoglobin levels similar to those shown by calves carrying heavy mixed infestations consisting of H. placei, B. phlebotomum, O. radiatum, and Cooperia spp.

Genetic improvement of farmed animals

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Livestock Breeding ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Breeding Schemes ◽  
Breed Selection ◽  
Individual Farm ◽  
Breeding And Genetics

Abstract This 484-paged book is an extensively updated and expanded edition of the previous book by Simm, which focused on cattle and sheep. It has 14 chapters, the first chapter in the book sets the scene for modern livestock breeding, by looking at the origins and roles of today's livestock breeds. The next four chapters deal with the scientific principles of livestock improvement. Chapter 2 outlines some of the basic principles in genetics and attempts to illustrate the link between genes and the performance of individual farm animals, or populations of them. In Chapter 3 the main strategies for genetic improvement are discussed. The factors which affect responses to within-breed selection, and some of the tools and technologies used, especially for more effective within-breed selection, are discussed in Chapters 4 and 5. Chapter 6 explores in more depth how we analyse variation in farm animals. Chapter 7 discusses approaches to predicting breeding values. Chapters 8 to 13 deal with the application of these principles in practical breeding programmes in dairy cattle, beef cattle, sheep and goats, poultry, pigs and aquaculture. Finally, Chapter 14 discusses some of the key societal, technical and ethical challenges facing farm animal production in general, and animal breeding and genetics in particular. It discusses how livestock breeders, scientists and others might respond to ensure wide societal and animal benefits from future breeding schemes. There is a glossary of technical terms at the end of the book.

scholarly journals Plasma zinc as an indicator of zinc status in rats

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Wilkins ◽  
P. C. Grey ◽  
I. E. Dreosti
Keyword(s):  
Oral Dose ◽  
Single Oral Dose ◽  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Rat Plasma ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Zinc Status ◽  
Plasma Zinc ◽  
Individual Farm ◽  
Zn Status

1. Standard zinc solutions for the atomic absorption analysis of rat plasma were prepared to contain 14% (w/v) of sucrose. In this way the problems of sample nebulization were overcome with a minimum of manipulation before assay.2. Plasma Zn concentrations in rats were found to fall by approximately 40% (from 1.2 to 0.7 μg/ml) after 1 d on a Zn-deficient (< 0.25 ppm) diet. Thereafter, the fall became less marked and after 5 d the concentrations usually varied between 0.4 and 0.6 μg/ml.3. A single oral dose (20–200 μg) of Zn was reflected in high plasma Zn concentrations in the depleted rats 1.75 h after dosing, but to a much lesser extent in animals receiving 10–60 ppm Zn in their diet before dosing.4. It is suggested that the plasma Zn response to a single oral dose of zinc sulphate may provide a useful method for the detection of a subnormal Zn status in individual farm animals without the necessity of determining breed norms.

scholarly journals Relationship between the tone of the autonomic nervous system in cows and copper content in blood depending on the seasons

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Zhurenko ◽  
◽  
V. Karpovskyi ◽  
V. Zhurenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Copper Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Multifactor Analysis ◽  
The One ◽  
Vegetative Status

The tone of the autonomic nervous system is considered on the one hand as one of the manifestations of homeostasis, and on the other hand, as one of the mechanisms of its regulation. The predominance of the tonic effect of the parasympathetic and sympathetic departments of the autonomic nervous system is defined as vagotonia and sympathicotonia. The tone of the autonomic nervous system in cows was determined using a trigeminal vagal test. According to the results, the animal was classified as normotonic, sympathicotonic or vagotonic. The tone of the autonomic nervous system in cows in summer inversely correlated with copper content in whole blood (r=-0.62; p<0.05) and blood cells (r=-0.58; p<0.05). In winter, the correlation of the tone of the autonomic nervous system in cows with its content in whole blood, serum and blood cells did not reach significant values (r=-0.21–0.36). Increased tone of the parasympathetic department of the autonomic nervous system, regardless of the season, had almost no effect on copper content in serum, whole blood and its cells (ղ²x=0.01–0.23). At the same time, sympathicotonia in summer has a significant impact only on the copper content in blood cells – ղ²x=0.58 (p<0.05), while in winter this effect increased significantly (ղ²x=0.91; p<0.001). The multifactor analysis of variance revealed the dependence of copper content on the tone of the autonomic nervous system and the season. However, the vegetative status of cows had a significant impact on its content only in blood cells (F=8.59>FU=4.41; p<0.01), and the season limited copper content only in whole blood (F=12.12>FU=3.55; p<0.01).

scholarly journals Gender Effects on Plasma and Brain Copper

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph F. Quinn ◽  
Christopher Harris ◽  
Jeffrey A. Kaye ◽  
Babett Lind ◽  
Raina Carter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Serum Copper ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Copper Status ◽  
Plasma Copper ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Brain

The effect of gender on systemic and brain levels of copper is relatively understudied. We examined gender effects in mice and human subjects. We observed a trend to higher serum copper levels in female compared to male LaFerla “triple transgenic” (1399±233versus804±436 ng/mL,P=0.06) mice, and significantly higher brain copper levels in female- versus male wild-type mice (5.2±0.2versus4.18±0.3 ng/mg wet wt,P=0.03). Plasma copper was significantly correlated with brain copper in mice (R2 = 0.218;P=0.038). Among human subjects with AD, both plasma copper (1284±118versus853±81 ng/mL,P=0.005) and cerebrospinal fluid copper (12.8±1versus10.4±0.7 ng/mL,P=0.01) were elevated in women compared to men. Among healthy control subjects, plasma copper (1008±51versus836±41 ng/mL;P=0.01) was higher in women than in men, but there was no difference in cerebrospinal fluid copper. We conclude that gender differences in copper status may influence copper-mediated pathological events in the brain.

Copper responsive infertility in British cattle: the use of a blood caeruloplasmin to copper ratio in determining a requirement for copper supplementation

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Kendall ◽  
D. V. Illingworth ◽  
S. B. Telfer
Keyword(s):  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Copper Status ◽  
Veterinary Surgeons ◽  
Copper Supplementation ◽  
Plasma Copper ◽  
Veterinary Laboratory Agency ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
The University ◽  
Female Cattle

AbstractSigns of clinical copper deficiency in ruminant animals include infertility. Blood copper concentrations alone are not an adequate indicator of copper status, as they take no account of the thiomolybdate challenge to the animal. The use of the ratio of caeruloplasmin activity to plasma copper concentration should provide a better indicator of molybdenum induced copper problems. The objectives of this study were to obtain veterinary feedback on the University of Leeds Trace Element Laboratory's (ULTEL) assessment of copper status and responses to any recommended supplementation. Blood samples from 713 female cattle from 114 herds were assessed for copper status, including plasma copper concentrations, serum caeruloplasmin activities and the ratio between the caeruloplasmin and plasma copper (CP/PlCu ratio). On the basis of only plasma copper analysis 95.0 % of the cattle were classified as being of normal copper status using Veterinary Laboratory Agency reference ranges. However, when the CP/PlCu ratio was also considered only 35.6 % of the cattle would be classed as having normal copper status. Appropriate copper supplementation would be required by 30.7 % of the cattle and a further 27.8 % could also benefit from additional copper. Veterinary responses to a questionnaire (80 % returned) indicated that infertility was a major problem in their clients’ herds. Where copper supplementation was recommended and administered an increase infertility was observed. In herds showing poor or lack ofoestrous behaviour/ later embryo loss (signs of clinical copper deficiency), 91.7 % reported that these signs were reduced by copper supplementation. The relevance of the CP/PlCu ratio as a diagnostic aid in the identification of copper responsive infertility has been supported by the responses of the veterinary surgeons.

The effect of molybdenum, sulphur and iron on the copper status of store lambs

2000 ◽  
Vol 2000 ◽  
pp. 88-88
Author(s):  
A.M. Mackenzie ◽  
S Evans ◽  
J.N.C. Lynn ◽  
D.V. Illingworth ◽  
R.G. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Copper Metabolism ◽  
Mineral Deficiency ◽  
Copper Status ◽  
Biochemical Indicator ◽  
Copper Supplementation ◽  
The World ◽  
Plasma Copper ◽  
Accurate Indicator

Clinical copper deficiency is the second most common mineral deficiency in the world, the main cause being high dietary levels of molybdenum, sulphur and iron. Phillippo et al, (1987) reported that clinical signs of deficiency resulted from high dietary Mo and S. However, Fe and S resulted in hypocupraemia but did not induce clinical signs of deficiency. Therefore is was concluded that clinical copper deficiency was due to a direct effect of dietary Mo and S on copper metabolism in ruminants. Mackenzie et al. (1997) reported that plasma copper levels were not an accurate indicator of copper status and unlikely to predict animals requiring copper supplementation. Caeruloplasmin is large copper enzyme and accounts for 88% of plasma copper and Mackenzie et al. (1997) proposed that a caeruloplasmin to plasma copper ratio may provide a more accurate biochemical indicator of copper status. This trial was designed to investigate the effect of dietary Mo, S and Fe on the copper status of the lambs.

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